Women, Islam and rights in Europe: Beyond a universalist/culturalist dichotomy

Review of International Studies

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 29-44

  Freedman, Jane ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846655466     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: 14699044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210507007280     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Françoise Gaspard and Farhad Khosrokhavar, Le Foulard et la République (Paris: La Découverte, 1995);
2. Michèle Vianès, Une Voile, sur la République (Paris: Stock, 2004).
3. Nancy Venel, Musulmanes Françaises: Des Pratiquantes Voiles à l'Université (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1999).
4. See for example the critical report of the European Council's Commissioner for Human Rights on the UK's immigration and asylum, and anti-terror legislation, Alvaro Gil-Robles, Report on his Visit to the UK (Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2005), COMMDH(2005)6.
5. The Guardian, 3 July 2004.
6. Ibid., 8 December 2001.
7. Libération, 30 October 2003.
8. Wendy Brown, 'Suffering Rights as Paradoxes', Constellations, 7:2 (2000), p. 232.
9. 〈http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw.htm).
10. Inderpal Grewal, 'On the New Global Feminism and the Family of Nations: Dilemmas of Transnational Feminist Practice', in Ella Shohat (ed.), Talking Visions: Multicultural Feminism in a Transnational Age (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988).
11. Susan Moller-Okin, Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women? (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999).
12. Hilary Charlesworth and Christine Chinkin, The Boundaries of International Law: A Feminist Analysis (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000).
13. Gita Sen and Sonia Correa, Gender Justice and Economic Justice (New York: UNIFEM, 1999);
14. Maxine Molyneux and Shahra Razavi, Gender Justice, Development and Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).
15. See, for example, Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1991).
16. Arati Rao, The Politics of Gender and Culture in International Human Rights Discourse', in Julie Peters and Andrea Wolper, Women's Rights, Human Rights (New York: Routledge, 1995), pp. 167-75.
17. Molyneux and Razavi, Gender Justice, Development and Rights, p. 15.
18. Martha Nussbaum, 'Women's Capabilities and Social Justice', in Molyneux and Razavi (eds.), Gender Justice, Development and Rights, pp. 45-77.
19. The terms foulard or voile are those widely used in dominant French discourse to describe all the different types of headscarf worn by Muslim women. The refusal of the French to use the Arabic terms such as hijab can be seen as another indication of their opposition to multiculturalism in France.
20. Chahla Beski, 'Les Femmes Immigrées Maghrébines: Objet, ou Sujet?', Migrations Société, 9 (1997), p. 44.
21. Le Nouvel Observateur, 2 November 1989.
22. Le Quotidien de Paris, 18 October 1989.
23. Le Monde, 20 November 1989.
24. Yvan Gastaut, L'Immigration et l'opinion en France sous la Ve République (Paris: Seuil, 2000).
25. Nonna Mayer, 'Le Front National', in Daniel Chagnollaud (ed.), Bilan Politique de la France (Paris: Hachette, 1991).
26. Peter Fysh and Jim Wolfreys, The Politics of Racism in France (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998).
27. Le Point, 10 September 1994.
28. L'Express, 17 November 1994.
29. Cited in Le Nouvel Observateur, 3 November 1994.
30. Le Monde, 27 October 1994.
31. Gastaut, L'Immigration et l'Opinion en France, p. 594.
32. Speech to UNESCO, 14 October 1993.
33. Alec Hargreaves, Immigration. Race and Ethnicity in Contemporary France (London: Routledge, 1995).
34. Cited in Libération, 6 November 2003.
35. Ibid.
36. Libération, 13 November 2003.
37. Le Monde, 5 September 2004.
38. 〈http://www.ecolepourtoutes-tous.org〉.
39. Rachel Bloul, 'Victims or Offenders? Other Women in French Sexual Polities', European Journal of Women's Studies 3:3 (1996), pp. 251-68.
40. Libération, 3 November 1989.
41. Cited in The Observer, 1 February 2004.
42. Beski, 'Les Femmes Immigrées Maghrébines', p. 46.
43. Sonia Dayan-Herzbrun, 'Le Voile Islamique et ses Enjeux', in Jane Freedman and Carrie Tarr (eds.), Women, Immigration and Identities in Contemporary France (Oxford: Berg, 2000).
44. Le Quotidien de Paris, 2 November 1989.
45. Ibid., 6 November 1989.
46. Libération, 24 November 1989.
47. Elisabeth Altschull, Le Voile contre l'École (Paris: Seuil, 1995), p. 11.
48. Respublica, September 2004.
49. See 〈http://www.ecolepourtoutes-tous.org〉.
50. Marnia Lazreg, 'Feminism and Difference: The Perils of Writing as a Woman on Women in Algeria', Feminist Issues, 4:1 (1988), p. 87.
51. Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Feminism Without Borders (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003), p. 34.
52. Saoud Benani, 'Le Voile et la Citoyenneté', in Michèle Riot-Sarcey (ed.), Démocratie et Représentation (Paris: Kimé, 1995), p. 216.
53. Gaspard and Khosrokhavar, Le Foulard et la République, p. 51.
54. Le Nouvel Observateur, 15 May 2003.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid.
57. Claire Dwyer, 'Veiled Meanings: Young British Muslim Women and the Negotiation of Difference', Gender, Place and Culture, 6:1 (1999), p. 5.
58. Haleh Afshar, Rob Aitken and Myfanwy Franks, 'Feminisms, Islamophobia and Identities', Political Studies, 53:2, pp. 262-83.
59. Leila Ahmed, Women and Gender in Islam (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992), p. 68.
60. Ahmed, Women and Gender in Islam.
61. Bhikhu Parekh, 'A Varied Moral World', in Moller-Okin (ed.), Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?, p. 73.
62. Afshar, Aitknn and Franks, 'Feminisms, Tslamophobia and Identities'.
63. Cited in The Observer, 17 February 2002.
64. Anne Norton, 'Review Essay on Euben, Okin and Nussbaum', Political Theory, 29:5 (2001), p. 741.
65. Bonnie Honig, 'My Culture Made Me Do It', in Moller-Okin (ed.), Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women? p. 35.
66. Anne Phillips, 'Multiculturalism, Universalism and the Claims of Democracy', in Molyneux and Razavi (eds.), Gender Justice, Development and Rights, p. 137.