Granulomas in the liver

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology

Volumn 23, Issue 3-4, 2006, Pages 161-169

  Kleiner, David E ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Drug injury; Granuloma; Immunodeficiency; Infection; Liver; Sarcoidosis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; APRINDINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CLOFIBRATE; CODEINE; COPPER SULFATE; DICLOXACILLIN; DIDANOSINE; DILTIAZEM; FANSIDAR; GLIBENCLAMIDE; HYDRALAZINE; INTERFERON; MEBENDAZOLE; MESALAZINE; METHYLDOPA; NORFLOXACIN; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PARACETAMOL; PHENYLBUTAZONE; PHENYTOIN; PROCAINAMIDE; PYRAZINAMIDE; QUINIDINE; ROSIGLITAZONE; SARIDON; SULFADIMETHOXINE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CHOLANGITIS; CHOLESTASIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; HEPATITIS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; LIVER GRANULOMA; MORPHOLOGY; MYCOSIS; PARASITOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SARCOIDOSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VASCULITIS; VIRUS INFECTION;

DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; GRANULOMA; HUMANS; LIVER DISEASES;

EID: 33846563027     PISSN: 07402570     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2006.11.003     Document Type: Article

References (148)

1. Britton W. Type iv hypersensitivity. In: Male D., Brostoff J., Roth D.B., et al. (Eds). Immunology (2006), Mosby Elsevier, Canada
2. Zumla A., and James D.G. Granulomatous infections: etiology and classification. Clin Infect Dis 23 (1996) 146-158
3. Gordon S. Mononuclear phagocytes in immune defense. In: Male D., Brostoff J., Roth D.B., et al. (Eds). Immunology (2006), Mosby Elsevier, Canada
4. Ma J., Chen T., Mandelin J., et al. Regulation of macrophage activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 60 (2003) 2334-2346
5. Sneller M.C. Granuloma formation, implications for the pathogenesis of vasculitis. Cleve Clin J Med 69 suppl 2 (2002) SII40-SII43
6. Denk H., Scheuer P.J., Baptista A., et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and interpretation of hepatic granulomas. Histopathology 25 (1994) 209-218
7. Harrington P.T., Gutierrez J.J., Ramirez-Ronda C.H., et al. Granulomatous hepatitis. Rev Infect Dis 4 (1982) 638-655
8. Lefkowitch J.H. Hepatic granulomas. J Hepatol 30 suppl 1 (1999) 40-45
9. Scheuer P.J. Hepatic granulomas. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 285 (1982) 833-834
10. Christoffersen P., Braendstrup O., Juhl E., et al. Lipogranulomas in human liver biopsies with fatty change. A morphological, biochemical and clinical investigation. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A] 79 (1971) 150-158
11. Petersen P., and Christoffersen P. Ultrastructure of lipogranulomas in human fatty liver. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A] 87 (1979) 45-49
12. Dincsoy H.P., Weesner R.E., and MacGee J. Lipogranulomas in non-fatty human livers. A mineral oil induced environmental disease. Am J Clin Pathol 78 (1982) 35-41
13. Wanless I.R., and Geddie W.R. Mineral oil lipogranulomata in liver and spleen. A study of 465 autopsies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 109 (1985) 283-286
14. Marazuela M., Moreno A., Yebra M., et al. Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas: a clinicopathologic study of 23 patients. Hum Pathol 22 (1991) 607-613
15. Srigley J.R., Vellend H., Palmer N., et al. Q-fever. The liver and bone marrow pathology. Am J Surg Pathol 9 (1985) 752-758
16. Moreno A., Marazuela M., Yebra M., et al. Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in visceral leishmaniasis. Gastroenterology 95 (1988) 1123-1126
17. Ruel M., Sevestre H., Henry-Biabaud E., et al. Fibrin ring granulomas in hepatitis a. Dig Dis Sci 37 (1992) 1915-1917
18. Lobdell D.H. 'Ring' granulomas in cytomegalovirus hepatitis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 111 (1987) 881-882
19. Nenert M., Mavier P., Dubuc N., et al. Epstein-barr virus infection and hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas. Hum Pathol 19 (1988) 608-610
20. Stricker B.H., Blok A.P., Babany G., et al. Fibrin ring granulomas and allopurinol. Gastroenterology 96 (1989) 1199-1203
21. Vanderstigel M., Zafrani E.S., Lejonc J.L., et al. Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome as a cause of hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas. Gastroenterology 90 (1986) 188-190
22. de Bayser L., Roblot P., Ramassamy A., et al. Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in giant cell arteritis. Gastroenterology 105 (1993) 272-273
23. Murphy E., Griffiths M.R., Hunter J.A., et al. Fibrin-ring granulomas: a non-specific reaction to liver injury?. Histopathology 19 (1991) 91-93
24. Tahan V., Ozaras R., Lacevic N., et al. Prevalence of hepatic granulomas in chronic hepatitis b. Dig Dis Sci 49 (2004) 1575-1577
25. Emile J.F., Sebagh M., Feray C., et al. The presence of epithelioid granulomas in hepatitis c virus-related cirrhosis. Hum Pathol 24 (1993) 1095-1097
26. Goldin R.D., Levine T.S., Foster G.R., et al. Granulomas and hepatitis c. Histopathology 28 (1996) 265-267
27. Harada K., Minato H., Hiramatsu K., et al. Epithelioid cell granulomas in chronic hepatitis c: immunohistochemical character and histological marker of favourable response to interferon-alpha therapy. Histopathology 33 (1998) 216-221
28. Ozaras R., Tahan V., Mert A., et al. The prevalence of hepatic granulomas in chronic hepatitis c. J Clin Gastroenterol 38 (2004) 449-452
29. Ludwig J., Colina F., and Poterucha J.J. Granulomas in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver 15 (1995) 307-312
30. Nakanuma Y., and Ohta G. Quantitation of hepatic granulomas and epithelioid cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 3 (1983) 423-427
31. Scheuer P. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Proc R Soc Med 60 (1967) 1257-1260
32. Sherlock S. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Mt Sinai J Med 44 (1977) 790-797
33. Portmann B., Popper H., Neuberger J., et al. Sequential and diagnostic features in primary biliary cirrhosis based on serial histologic study in 209 patients. Gastroenterology 88 (1985) 1777-1790
34. Lee R.G., Epstein O., Jauregui H., et al. Granulomas in primary biliary cirrhosis: a prognostic feature. Gastroenterology 81 (1981) 983-986
35. Hercules H.D., and Bethlem N.M. Value of liver biopsy in sarcoidosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108 (1984) 831-834
36. Lehmuskallio E., Hannuksela M., and Halme H. The liver in sarcoidosis. Acta Med Scand 202 (1977) 289-293
37. Rasmussen S.M., and Neukirch F. Sarcoidosis. A clinical study with special reference to the choice of biopsy procedure. Acta Med Scand 199 (1976) 209-216
38. Devaney K., Goodman Z.D., Epstein M.S., et al. Hepatic sarcoidosis. Clinicopathologic features in 100 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 17 (1993) 1272-1280
39. Winkelstein J.A., Marino M.C., Johnston Jr. R.B., et al. Chronic granulomatous disease. Report on a national registry of 368 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 79 (2000) 155-169
40. Garcia-Eulate R., Hussain N., Heller T., et al. Ct and mri of hepatic abscess in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 187 (2006) 482-490
41. Levine S., Smith V.V., Malone M., et al. Histopathological features of chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) in childhood. Histopathology 47 (2005) 508-516
42. Lublin M., Bartlett D.L., Danforth D.N., et al. Hepatic abscess in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Ann Surg 235 (2002) 383-391
43. Bjoro K., Haaland T., Skaug K., et al. The spectrum of hepatobiliary disease in primary hypogammaglobulinaemia. J Intern Med 245 (1999) 517-524
44. Friedman R., Ackerman M., Mallory G., et al. Hypogammaglobulinemia with sarcoidlike granulomas. Am J Dis Child 137 (1983) 774-776
45. Morimoto Y., and Routes J.M. Granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiency. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 5 (2005) 370-375
46. Ishak K.G., and Zimmerman H.J. Drug-induced and toxic granulomatous hepatitis. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 2 (1988) 463-480
47. McMaster III K.R., and Hennigar G.R. Drug-induced granulomatous hepatitis. Lab Invest 44 (1981) 61-73
48. Bodurtha A., Kim Y.H., Laucius J.F., et al. Hepatic granulomas and other hepatic lesions associated with bcg immunotherapy for cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 61 (1974) 747-752
49. Hunt J.S., Silverstein M.J., Sparks F.C., et al. Granulomatous hepatitis: a complication of b.C.G. immunotherapy. Lancet 2 (1973) 820-821
50. Thompson D., and Cumming J. Granulomatous hepatitis following intravesical bcg therapy. Br J Urol 66 (1990) 432-433
51. Trevenzoli M., Cattelan A.M., Marino F., et al. Sepsis and granulomatous hepatitis after bacillus calmette-guerin intravesical installation. J Infect 48 (2004) 363-364
52. Van Outryve S.M., Francque S.M., Gentens P.A., et al. Bacillus calmette-guerin-induced granulomatous hepatitis in a patient with a superficial bladder carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16 (2004) 1027-1032
53. Propst A., Propst T., Dietze O., et al. Development of granulomatous hepatitis during treatment with interferon-alpha 2b. Dig Dis Sci 40 (1995) 2117-2118
54. Veerabagu M.P., Finkelstein S.D., and Rabinovitz M. Granulomatous hepatitis in a patient with chronic hepatitis c treated with interferon-alpha. Dig Dis Sci 42 (1997) 1445-1448
55. Perez-Alvarez R., Perez-Lopez R., Lombrana J.L., et al. Sarcoidosis in two patients with chronic hepatitis c treated with interferon, ribavirin and amantadine. J Viral Hepat 9 (2002) 75-79
56. Lindgren A., Aldenborg F., Norkrans G., et al. Paracetamol-induced cholestatic and granulomatous liver injuries. J Intern Med 241 (1997) 435-439
57. Arean V.M. Ascaridic granuloma; an experimental study. AMA Arch Pathol 66 (1958) 427-438
58. Chawla S.K., Patel H.D., Parrino G.R., et al. Allopurinol hepatotoxicity. Case report and literature review. Arthritis Rheum 20 (1977) 1546-1549
59. Medline A., Cohen L.B., Tobe B.A., et al. Liver granulomas and allopurinol. BMJ 1 (1978) 1320-1321
60. Mondou E.N., and Gnepp D.R. Hepatic granuloma resulting from enterobius vermicularis. Am J Clin Pathol 91 (1989) 97-100
61. Larrey D., Vial T., Micaleff A., et al. Hepatitis associated with amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination report of 15 cases. Gut 33 (1992) 368-371
62. Acosta-Ferreira W., Vercelli-Retta J., and Falconi L.M. Fasciola hepatica human infection. Histopathological study of sixteen cases. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 383 (1979) 319-327
63. Barbazza R., Calabro S., Tessarin C., et al. Granulomatous involvement of the liver in anthracosilicosis. Appl Pathol 4 (1986) 276-281
64. Roberts-Thomson I.C., Anders R.F., and Bhathal P.S. Granulomatous hepatitis and cholangitis associated with giardiasis. Gastroenterology 83 (1982) 480-483
65. Elisaf M., Stefanaki-Nikou S., Voulgarelis M., et al. Aprindine-induced hepatic granulomata. J Hepatol 14 (1992) 276-279
66. Gardiner C.H., Dyke J.W., and Shirley S.F. Hepatic granuloma due to a nymph of linguatula serrata in a woman from michigan: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33 (1984) 187-189
67. Elzouki A.N., and Lindgren S. Granulomatous hepatitis induced by aspirin-kodein analgesics. J Intern Med 239 (1996) 279-281
68. McKerrow J.H., and Sun E. Hepatic schistosomiasis. Prog Liver Dis 12 (1994) 121-135
69. Wynn T.A., Thompson R.W., Cheever A.W., et al. Immunopathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Immunol Rev 201 (2004) 156-167
70. Levy M., Goodman M.W., Van Dyne B.J., et al. Granulomatous hepatitis secondary to carbamazepine. Ann Intern Med 95 (1981) 64-65
71. Poltera A.A., and Katsimbura N. Granulomatous hepatitis due to strongyloides stercoralis. J Pathol 113 (1974) 241-246
72. Ben-Yehuda A., Bloom A., Lijovetzky G., et al. Chlorpromazine-induced liver and bone marrow granulomas associated with agranulocytosis. Isr J Med Sci 26 (1990) 449-451
73. Kaplan K.J., Goodman Z.D., and Ishak K.G. Eosinophilic granuloma of the liver: a characteristic lesion with relationship to visceral larva migrans. Am J Surg Pathol 25 (2001) 1316-1321
74. Pierce E.H., and Chesler D.L. Possible association of granulomatous hepatitis with clofibrate therapy. N Engl J Med 299 (1978) 314
75. Weitberg A.B., Alper J.C., Diamond I., et al. Acute granulomatous hepatitis in the course of acquired toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med 300 (1979) 1093-1096
76. Pimentel J.C., and Menezes A.P. Liver granulomas containing copper in vineyard sprayer's lung. A new etiology of hepatic granulomatosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 111 (1975) 189-195
77. Korinek J.K., Guarda L.A., Bolivar R., et al. Trichosporon hepatitis. Gastroenterology 85 (1983) 732-734
78. Saab S., Venkataramani A., and Yao F. Possible granulomatous hepatitis after dicloxacillin therapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 22 (1996) 163-164
79. Lacaille F., Ortigao M.B., Debre M., et al. Hepatic toxicity associated with 2′-3′ dideoxyinosine in children with aids. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 20 (1995) 287-290
80. Jones J.M. Granulomatous hepatitis due to candida albicans in patients with acute leukemia. Ann Intern Med 94 (1981) 475-477
81. Sarachek N.S., London R.L., and Matulewicz T.J. Diltiazem and granulomatous hepatitis. Gastroenterology 88 (1985) 1260-1262
82. Collins M.H., Jiang B., Croffie J.M., et al. Hepatic granulomas in children. A clinicopathologic analysis of 23 cases including polymerase chain reaction for histoplasma. Am J Surg Pathol 20 (1996) 332-338
83. Mullick F.G., and Ishak K.G. Hepatic injury associated with diphenylhydantoin therapy. A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 74 (1980) 442-452
84. Lazar H.P., Murphy R.L., and Phair J.P. Fansidar and hepatic granulomas. Ann Intern Med 102 (1985) 722
85. Liston T.E., and Koehler J.E. Granulomatous hepatitis and necrotizing splenitis due to bartonella henselae in a patient with cancer: case report and review of hepatosplenic manifestations of bartonella infection. Clin Infect Dis 22 (1996) 951-957
86. Saw D., Pitman E., Maung M., et al. Granulomatous hepatitis associated with glyburide. Dig Dis Sci 41 (1996) 322-325
87. Landas S.K., Mitros F.A., Furst D.E., et al. Lipogranulomas and gold in the liver in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Surg Pathol 16 (1992) 171-174
88. Jordans H.G., and DeBruin K.D. Granulomas in brucella melitensis infection. Ann Intern Med 92 (1980) 264-265
89. Shah I.A., and Brandt H. Halothane-associated granulomatous hepatitis. Digestion 28 (1983) 245-249
90. Gebauer K., Hall J.C., Donlon J.B., et al. Hepatic involvement in listeriosis. Aust N Z J Med 19 (1989) 486-487
91. Jori G.P., and Peschile C. Hydralazine disease associated with transient granulomas in the liver. A case report. Gastroenterology 64 (1973) 1163-1167
92. Ullmann A.J., Helmreich-Becker I., Maeurer M.J., et al. Hepatic granuloma due to propionibacterium acnes in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin Infect Dis 30 (2000) 219-220
93. Bansal R.C., Cohn H., Fani K., et al. Nephrotic syndrome and granulomatous hepatitis in secondary syphilis. Arch Dermatol 114 (1978) 1228-1229
94. Colle I., Naegels S., Hoorens A., et al. Granulomatous hepatitis due to mebendazole. J Clin Gastroenterol 28 (1999) 44-45
95. Cho C., Linscheer W.G., Hirschkorn M.A., et al. Sarcoidlike granulomas as an early manifestation of whipple's disease. Gastroenterology 87 (1984) 941-947
96. Braun M., Fraser G.M., Kunin M., et al. Mesalamine-induced granulomatous hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 94 (1999) 1973-1974
97. Saebo A., and Lassen J. Acute and chronic liver disease associated with yersinia enterocolitica infection: a norwegian 10-year follow-up study of 458 hospitalized patients. J Intern Med 231 (1992) 531-535
98. Miller Jr. A.C., and Reid W.M. Methyldopa-induced granulomatous hepatitis. JAMA 235 (1976) 2001-2002
99. Bjornsson E., Olsson R., and Remotti H. Norfloxacin-induced eosinophilic necrotizing granulomatous hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 95 (2000) 3662-3664
100. Le Bail B., Jouhanole H., Deugnier Y., et al. Liver adenomatosis with granulomas in two patients on long-term oral contraceptives. Am J Surg Pathol 16 (1992) 982-987
101. Ishak K.G., Kirchner J.P., and Dhar J.K. Granulomas and cholestatic-hepatocellular injury associated with phenylbutazone. Report of two cases. Am J Dig Dis 22 (1977) 611-617
102. Farhi D.C., Mason III U.G., and Horsburgh Jr. C.R. Pathologic findings in disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. A report of 11 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 85 (1986) 67-72
103. Cook I.F., Shilkin K.B., and Reed W.D. Phenytoin induced granulomatous hepatitis. Aust N Z J Med 11 (1981) 539-541
104. Gaffey C.M., Chun B., Harvey J.C., et al. Phenytoin-induced systemic granulomatous vasculitis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110 (1986) 131-135
105. Listwan W.J., Roth D.A., Tsung S.H., et al. Disseminated myycobacterium kansasii infection with pancytopenia and interstitial nephritis. Ann Intern Med 83 (1975) 70-73
106. Rotmensch H.H., Yust I., Siegman-Igra Y., et al. Granulomatous hepatitis: a hypersensitivity response to procainamide. Ann Intern Med 89 (1978) 646-647
107. Bennett C., Vardiman J., and Golomb H. Disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection in patients with hairy cell leukemia. Am J Med 80 (1986) 891-896
108. Knobel B., Buyanowsky G., Dan M., et al. Pyrazinamide-induced granulomatous hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 24 (1997) 264-266
109. Weissman J.B., and Neu H.C. Lepromatous leprosy masquerading as disseminated tuberculosis. Am J Med 67 (1979) 113-116
110. Geltner D., Chajek T., Rubinger D., et al. Quinidine hypersensitivity and liver involvement. A survey of 32 patients. Gastroenterology 70 (1976) 650-652
111. Goldblatt M.R., and Ribes J.A. Mycobacterium mucogenicum isolated from a patient with granulomatous hepatitis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 126 (2002) 73-75
112. Hou M., Horney E., Stockelberg D., et al. Multiple quinine-dependent antibodies in a patient with episodic thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytopenia, and granulomatous hepatitis. Blood 90 (1997) 4806-4811
113. Katz B., Weetch M., and Chopra S. Quinine-induced granulomatous hepatitis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 286 (1983) 264-265
114. Hsueh P.R., Hsiue T.R., Jarn J.J., et al. Disseminated infection due to mycobacterium scrofulaceum in an immunocompetent host. Clin Infect Dis 22 (1996) 159-161
115. Dhawan M., Agrawal R., Ravi J., et al. Rosiglitazone-induced granulomatous hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 34 (2002) 582-584
116. Abe M., Kumagi T., Nakanishi S., et al. Drug-induced hepatitis with hepatic granuloma due to saridon. J Gastroenterol 37 (2002) 1068-1072
117. Ahern M.J., Milazzo S.C., and Dymock R. Granulomatous hepatitis and seatone. Med J Aust 2 (1980) 151-152
118. Guardia J., Vilaseca J., Moragas A., et al. Hepatitis in exanthematous mediterranean fever. Hepatogastroenterology 28 (1981) 81-83
119. Espiritu C.R., Kim T.S., and Levine R.A. Granulomatous hepatitis associated with sulfadimethoxine hypersensitivity. JAMA 202 (1967) 985-988
120. Chien R.N., Liu N.J., Lin P.Y., et al. Granulomatous hepatitis associated with scrub typhus. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 10 (1995) 484-487
121. Namias A., Bhalotra R., and Donowitz M. Reversible sulfasalazine-induced granulomatous hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 3 (1981) 193-198
122. Snover D.C., and Horwitz C.A. Liver disease in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis: a light microscopical and immunoperoxidase study of six cases. Hepatology 4 (1984) 408-412
123. Dumortier J., Bellemin B., Jacob P., et al. Liver injury due to tetrabamate (atrium): an analysis of 11 cases. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12 (2000) 1007-1012
124. Biest S., and Schubert T.T. Chronic epstein-barr virus infection: a cause of granulomatous hepatitis?. J Clin Gastroenterol 11 (1989) 343-346
125. Ruiz-Valverde P., Zafon C., Segarra A., et al. Ticlopidine-induced granulomatous hepatitis. Ann Pharmacother 29 (1995) 633-634
126. Ponz E., Garcia-Pagan J.C., Bruguera M., et al. Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in a patient with hepatitis a. Gastroenterology 100 (1991) 268-270
127. Tucker L.E. Tocainide-induced granulomatous hepatitis. JAMA 255 (1986) 3362
128. Saini S.K., and Rose C.D. Liver involvement in familial granulomatous arthritis (blau syndrome). J Rheumatol 23 (1996) 396-399
129. Brooklyn T.N., Prouse P., Portmann B., et al. Churg-strauss syndrome and granulomatous cholangiopathy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12 (2000) 809-811
130. Jagadha V., Andavolu R.H., and Huang C.T. Granulomatous inflammation in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol 84 (1985) 598-602
131. Heneghan M.A., Feeley K.M., DeFaoite N., et al. Granulomatous liver disease and giant-cell arteritis. Dig Dis Sci 43 (1998) 2164-2167
132. Cathebras P.J., Mosnier J.F., Gouilloud S., et al. Hepatic granulomatosis in a patient with graves' disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 7 (1995) 905-908
133. Eade M.N., Cooke W.T., and Williams J.A. Liver disease in crohn's disease. A study of 100 consecutive patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 6 (1971) 199-204
134. Bendix-Hansen K., and Bayer Kristensen I. Granulomas of spleen and liver in hairy cell leukaemia. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [A] 92 (1984) 157-160
135. Everett G.D., and Mitros F.A. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with hepatic eosinophilic granulomas. Report of a case with 30-year follow-up. Am J Gastroenterol 74 (1980) 519-521
136. Abrams J., Pearl P., Moody M., et al. Epithelioid granulomas revisited: long-term follow-up in hodgkin's disease. Am J Clin Oncol 11 (1988) 456-460
137. Johnson L.N., Iseri O., and Knodell R.G. Caseating hepatic granulomas in hodgkin's lymphoma. Gastroenterology 99 (1990) 1837-1840
138. Kalat E.D., and Martin D.B. Granulomatous hepatitis associated with jejunoileal bypass surgery. JAMA 246 (1981) 982
139. Aderka D., Kraus M., Weinberger A., et al. Parameters which can differentiate patients with "idiopathic" from patients with lymphoma-induced liver granulomas. Am J Gastroenterol 80 (1985) 1004-1007
140. Braylan R.C., Long J.C., Jaffe E.S., et al. Malignant lymphoma obscured by concomitant extensive epithelioid granulomas: report of three cases with similar clinicopathologic features. Cancer 39 (1977) 1146-1155
141. Saito K., Nakanuma Y., Ogawa S., et al. Extensive hepatic granulomas associated with peripheral t-cell lymphoma. Am J Gastroenterol 86 (1991) 1243-1246
142. Chagnac A., Gal R., Kimche D., et al. Liver granulomas: A possible paraneoplastic manifestation of hypernephroma. Am J Gastroenterol 80 (1985) 989-992
143. Lefkowitch J.H., and Grossman M.E. Hepatic pathology in porphyria cutanea tarda. Liver 3 (1983) 19-29
144. Sartin J.S., and Walker R.C. Granulomatous hepatitis: a retrospective review of 88 cases at the mayo clinic. Mayo Clin Proc 66 (1991) 914-918
145. McCluggage W.G., and Sloan J.M. Hepatic granulomas in northern ireland: a thirteen year review. Histopathology 25 (1994) 219-228
146. Anderson C.S., Nicholls J., Rowland R., et al. Hepatic granulomas: a 15-year experience in the royal adelaide hospital. Med J Aust 148 (1988) 71-74
147. Gaya D.R., Thorburn D., Oien K.A., et al. Hepatic granulomas: a 10 year single centre experience. J Clin Pathol 56 (2003) 850-853
148. Ferrell L.D., Lee R., Brixko C., et al. Hepatic granulomas following liver transplantation. Clinicopathologic features in 42 patients. Transplantation 60 (1995) 926-933