메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 136, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 53-64

Habitat characteristics of adult frosted elfins (Callophrys irus) in sandplain communities of southeastern Massachusetts, USA

Author keywords

Butterfly conservation; Callophrys irus; Frosted elfin; Invasive species; Sandplain communities

Indexed keywords

BUTTERFLY; HABITAT CONSERVATION; HABITAT TYPE; INVASIVE SPECIES; LAND USE CHANGE; PATCH DYNAMICS; PERSISTENCE; POPULATION DENSITY; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; RARE SPECIES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; VEGETATION COVER;

EID: 33846490787     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.055     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0024251422 scopus 로고
    • The effect of increased nutrient availability on vegetation dynamics in wet healthlands
    • Aerts R., and Berendse F. The effect of increased nutrient availability on vegetation dynamics in wet healthlands. Vegetation 76 (1988) 63-70
    • (1988) Vegetation , vol.76 , pp. 63-70
    • Aerts, R.1    Berendse, F.2
  • 2
    • 33846536138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albanese, G., 2006. The habitat characteristics of frosted elfins (Callophrys irus) in sandplain communities of southeastern Massachusetts, USA: A multi-scale analysis. Master Thesis.
  • 3
    • 33846549383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barbour, H., Simmons, T., Swain, P., Woolsey, H., 1998. Our irreplaceable heritage: protecting biodiversity in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Westborough, Massachusetts, and The Nature Conservancy, Massachusetts Chapter, Boston, MA.
  • 4
    • 0029635842 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen critical loads for natural and semi-natural ecosystems: the empirical approach
    • Bobbink R., and Roelofs J.G.M. Nitrogen critical loads for natural and semi-natural ecosystems: the empirical approach. Water Air and Soil Pollution 85 (1995) 2413-2418
    • (1995) Water Air and Soil Pollution , vol.85 , pp. 2413-2418
    • Bobbink, R.1    Roelofs, J.G.M.2
  • 8
    • 33846494082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clarke, G.L., Patterson, W.A., 2007. The distribution of rare plants in a Massachusetts sandplain: implication for conservation and management. Biological Conservation.
  • 9
    • 33846471859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compton, B.W. Unpublished program. KERN. Department of Natural Resources Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.
  • 11
    • 0033749212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification and regression trees: a powerful yet simple technique for ecological data analysis
    • De'ath G., and Fabricius K.E. Classification and regression trees: a powerful yet simple technique for ecological data analysis. Ecology 81 (2000) 3178-3192
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 3178-3192
    • De'ath, G.1    Fabricius, K.E.2
  • 12
    • 26544447219 scopus 로고
    • The relations of the Tatra Mountain vegetation to the edaphic factors of the habitat; a synecological study
    • Domin K. The relations of the Tatra Mountain vegetation to the edaphic factors of the habitat; a synecological study. Acta Botanical Bohemica 6-7 (1928) 133-164
    • (1928) Acta Botanical Bohemica , vol.6-7 , pp. 133-164
    • Domin, K.1
  • 13
    • 0034794836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive species and the soil: effects on organisms and ecosystem processes
    • Ehrenfeld J.G., and Scott N.A. Invasive species and the soil: effects on organisms and ecosystem processes. Ecological Applications 11 (2001) 1259-1260
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 1259-1260
    • Ehrenfeld, J.G.1    Scott, N.A.2
  • 14
    • 33846504399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), 1999-2004. ArcGIS (9.0). ESRI, Redlands, CA.
  • 15
    • 33846493494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epsilon Associates Inc., 2001. Trails and resource management plan: Myles Standish State Forest. Report prepared for Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Management, Boston, MA.
  • 16
    • 0034789034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland
    • Evans R.D., Rimer R., Sperry L., and Belnap J. Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland. Ecological Applications 11 (2001) 1301-1310
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 1301-1310
    • Evans, R.D.1    Rimer, R.2    Sperry, L.3    Belnap, J.4
  • 17
    • 33846504770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farnsworth, E.J., 2007. Sandplain plant life history traits as guides to multi-species management strategies for rare taxa. Biological Conservation.
  • 18
    • 33846531112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foster, D.R., Motzkin, G., 1999. Historical influences on the landscape of Martha's Vineyard: perspectives on the management of Manuel F. Correllus State Forest. Harvard Forest Paper No. 23. Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA.
  • 19
    • 0242493964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting and conserving the openland habitats of coastal New England: insights from landscape history
    • Foster D.R., and Motzkin G. Interpreting and conserving the openland habitats of coastal New England: insights from landscape history. Forest Ecology and Management 185 (2003) 127-150
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.185 , pp. 127-150
    • Foster, D.R.1    Motzkin, G.2
  • 20
    • 0036816852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural, environmental, and historical controls of vegetation patterns and the modern conservation setting on the island of Martha's Vineyard, USA
    • Foster D.R., Hall B., Barry S., Clayden S., and Parshall T. Cultural, environmental, and historical controls of vegetation patterns and the modern conservation setting on the island of Martha's Vineyard, USA. Journal of Biogeography 29 (2002) 1381-1400
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1381-1400
    • Foster, D.R.1    Hall, B.2    Barry, S.3    Clayden, S.4    Parshall, T.5
  • 21
    • 0000413119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lepidopteron assemblages and the management of sandplain communities on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts
    • Vickery P.D., and Dunwiddie P.W. (Eds), Massachusetts Audubon Society, Lincoln, MA
    • Goldstein P.Z. Lepidopteron assemblages and the management of sandplain communities on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. In: Vickery P.D., and Dunwiddie P.W. (Eds). Grasslands of northeastern North America: ecology and conservation of native and agricultural landscapes (1997), Massachusetts Audubon Society, Lincoln, MA 217-236
    • (1997) Grasslands of northeastern North America: ecology and conservation of native and agricultural landscapes , pp. 217-236
    • Goldstein, P.Z.1
  • 22
    • 33846483630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goldstein, P.Z., Raleigh, L., Simmons, T., Nelson, N.W., 2007. Historical and empirical insights on the habitat requirements of threatened moths and butterflies in southern New England. Biological Conservation.
  • 23
    • 0027487733 scopus 로고
    • The influence of shade on butterflies in rides of coniferized lowland woods in southern England and implications for conservation management
    • Greatorex-Davies J.N., Sparks T.H., Hall M.L., and Marrs R.H. The influence of shade on butterflies in rides of coniferized lowland woods in southern England and implications for conservation management. Biological Conservation 63 (1993) 31-41
    • (1993) Biological Conservation , vol.63 , pp. 31-41
    • Greatorex-Davies, J.N.1    Sparks, T.H.2    Hall, M.L.3    Marrs, R.H.4
  • 24
    • 0032128270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat use by the endangered karner blue butterfly in oak woodlands: the influence of canopy cover
    • Grundel R., Pavlovic N.B., and Sulzman C.L. Habitat use by the endangered karner blue butterfly in oak woodlands: the influence of canopy cover. Biological Conservation 85 (1998) 47-53
    • (1998) Biological Conservation , vol.85 , pp. 47-53
    • Grundel, R.1    Pavlovic, N.B.2    Sulzman, C.L.3
  • 25
    • 0033852052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nectar Plant selection by the karner blue Butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore
    • Grundel R., Pavlovic N.B., and Sulzman C.L. Nectar Plant selection by the karner blue Butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. American Midland Naturalist 144 (2000) 1-10
    • (2000) American Midland Naturalist , vol.144 , pp. 1-10
    • Grundel, R.1    Pavlovic, N.B.2    Sulzman, C.L.3
  • 26
    • 0027047592 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: implications for conservation
    • Hobbs R.J., and Huenneke L.F. Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: implications for conservation. Conservation Biology 6 (1992) 324-337
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 324-337
    • Hobbs, R.J.1    Huenneke, L.F.2
  • 27
    • 0025250847 scopus 로고
    • Effects of soil resources on plant invasion and community structure in California serpentine grassland
    • Huenneke L.F., Hamburg S.P., Kiode R., Mooney H.A., and Vitousek P.M. Effects of soil resources on plant invasion and community structure in California serpentine grassland. Ecology 71 (1990) 478-491
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 478-491
    • Huenneke, L.F.1    Hamburg, S.P.2    Kiode, R.3    Mooney, H.A.4    Vitousek, P.M.5
  • 28
    • 33846517374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lane, C., 1999. Benefits of a Heterogeneous Habitat: Oviposition Preference and Immature Performance of Lycaeides melissa samuelis Nobakov (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Ph.D. dissertation.
  • 29
    • 0035147622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: effects of vegetation type and anthropogenic disturbance
    • Larson D.L., Anderson P.J., and Newton W. Alien plant invasion in mixed-grass prairie: effects of vegetation type and anthropogenic disturbance. Ecological Applications 11 (2001) 128-141
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 128-141
    • Larson, D.L.1    Anderson, P.J.2    Newton, W.3
  • 30
    • 0242662408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale and frequency of natural disturbances in the northeastern United States: implications for early-successional forest habitat and regional age distributions
    • Lorimer C.G., and White A.S. Scale and frequency of natural disturbances in the northeastern United States: implications for early-successional forest habitat and regional age distributions. Forest Ecology and Management 185 (2003) 41-64
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.185 , pp. 41-64
    • Lorimer, C.G.1    White, A.S.2
  • 31
    • 0033054134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bush lupine mortality, altered resource availability, and alternative vegetation states
    • Maron J.L., and Jefferies R.L. Bush lupine mortality, altered resource availability, and alternative vegetation states. Ecology 80 (1999) 443-454
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 443-454
    • Maron, J.L.1    Jefferies, R.L.2
  • 32
    • 0034911018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring enriched grasslands: effects of mowing on species richness, productivity, and nitrogen retention
    • Maron J.L., and Jefferies R.L. Restoring enriched grasslands: effects of mowing on species richness, productivity, and nitrogen retention. Ecological Applications 11 (2001) 1088-1100
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 1088-1100
    • Maron, J.L.1    Jefferies, R.L.2
  • 33
    • 33846475449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massachusetts Natural Heritage Program and Endangered Species Program (MNHESP), 2001. Biomap - guiding land conservation for biodiversity in Massachusetts. Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Boston, MA.
  • 34
    • 33846496675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massachusetts Natural Heritage Program and Endangered Species Program (MNHESP), 2004. Massachusetts list of endangered, threatened, and special concern species. Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Boston, MA.
  • 35
    • 0000290769 scopus 로고
    • Table of equivalent populations of North American mammals
    • Mohr C.O. Table of equivalent populations of North American mammals. American Midland Naturalist 37 (1947) 223-249
    • (1947) American Midland Naturalist , vol.37 , pp. 223-249
    • Mohr, C.O.1
  • 37
  • 38
    • 0025233148 scopus 로고
    • An environment-metapopulation approach to population viability analysis for a threatened invertebrate
    • Murphy D.D., Fraes K.E., and Weiss S.B. An environment-metapopulation approach to population viability analysis for a threatened invertebrate. Conservation Biology 4 (1990) 41-51
    • (1990) Conservation Biology , vol.4 , pp. 41-51
    • Murphy, D.D.1    Fraes, K.E.2    Weiss, S.B.3
  • 39
    • 33846512178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NatureServe, 2005. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 4.6. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available from .
  • 40
    • 33846510439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neill, C., Von Holle, B., Kleese, K., Ivy, K., Collins, R., Treat, C., Dean, M., 2007. Historical influences on the vegetation and soils of the Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts coastal sandplain: implications for conservation and management. Biological Conservation.
  • 41
    • 33846517544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nelson, M.W., 2001. Proposal to the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife to Add, Delete, or Change the status of Species Listed Under the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act. Massachusetts Natural Heritage Program and Endangered Species Program, Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. Westborough, MA.
  • 42
    • 33846513340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nelson, M.W., 2002. Element abstract: Callophrys irus. Massachusetts Natural Heritage Program and Endangered Species Program, Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. Westborough, MA.
  • 43
    • 0024903366 scopus 로고
    • Effects of prescribed burning on Andropogon scoparius in postagricultural grasslands in Connecticut
    • Niering W.A., and Dreyer G.D. Effects of prescribed burning on Andropogon scoparius in postagricultural grasslands in Connecticut. American Midland Naturalist 22 (1989) 88-102
    • (1989) American Midland Naturalist , vol.22 , pp. 88-102
    • Niering, W.A.1    Dreyer, G.D.2
  • 44
    • 29944442647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between local extinctions of grassland butterflies and increased soil nitrogen levels
    • Ockinger E., Hammarstedt O., Nillson S.G., and Smith H.G. The relationship between local extinctions of grassland butterflies and increased soil nitrogen levels. Biological Conservation 128 (2006) 564-573
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.128 , pp. 564-573
    • Ockinger, E.1    Hammarstedt, O.2    Nillson, S.G.3    Smith, H.G.4
  • 46
    • 0006396669 scopus 로고
    • The status of two butterflies, Karner blue (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) and frosted elfin (Incisalia irus), restricted to oak savannah in Ontario
    • Allen G.W., Eagles P.F.J., and Price S.W. (Eds), University of Waterloo Press, Waterloo, Ontario
    • Packer L. The status of two butterflies, Karner blue (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) and frosted elfin (Incisalia irus), restricted to oak savannah in Ontario. In: Allen G.W., Eagles P.F.J., and Price S.W. (Eds). Conserving Carolinian Canada (1991), University of Waterloo Press, Waterloo, Ontario 253-271
    • (1991) Conserving Carolinian Canada , pp. 253-271
    • Packer, L.1
  • 48
    • 33846507107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panzer, R., 1984. The importance of reserve size in the conservation of prairie and wetland butterfly communities (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae, Papilionoidae). MS Thesis. Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL.
  • 49
    • 0031804475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a vegetation-based approach to insect conservation
    • Panzer R., and Schwartz M.W. Effectiveness of a vegetation-based approach to insect conservation. Conservation Biology 12 (1998) 693-702
    • (1998) Conservation Biology , vol.12 , pp. 693-702
    • Panzer, R.1    Schwartz, M.W.2
  • 50
    • 0028993588 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of remnant dependence among the prairie and savanna inhabiting insects of the Chicago region
    • Panzer R.J., Stillwaugh D., Gnaedinger R., and Derkovitz G. Prevalence of remnant dependence among the prairie and savanna inhabiting insects of the Chicago region. Natural Areas Journal 15 (1995) 101-116
    • (1995) Natural Areas Journal , vol.15 , pp. 101-116
    • Panzer, R.J.1    Stillwaugh, D.2    Gnaedinger, R.3    Derkovitz, G.4
  • 51
    • 33846518170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peet, R.K., Wentworth, T.R., Duncan, R.P., White, P.S., 1997. The North Carolina vegetation survey protocol: a flexible, multipurpose method for recording vegetation composition and structure. The North Carolina Vegetation Survey. Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
  • 52
    • 0033986574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and economic costs of alien species in the United States
    • Pimentel D., Lach L., Zuniga R., and Morrison D. Environmental and economic costs of alien species in the United States. BioScience 50 (2000) 53-65
    • (2000) BioScience , vol.50 , pp. 53-65
    • Pimentel, D.1    Lach, L.2    Zuniga, R.3    Morrison, D.4
  • 53
    • 0024249889 scopus 로고
    • Temperature, rainfall and butterfly numbers
    • Pollard E. Temperature, rainfall and butterfly numbers. Journal of Applied Ecology 25 (1988) 819-828
    • (1988) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.25 , pp. 819-828
    • Pollard, E.1
  • 55
    • 0029634928 scopus 로고
    • Long term effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition on lowland dry heath in southern Britain
    • Power S.A., Ashmore M.R., Cousins D.A., and Ainsworth N. Long term effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition on lowland dry heath in southern Britain. Water Air and Soil Pollution 85 (1995) 1701-1706
    • (1995) Water Air and Soil Pollution , vol.85 , pp. 1701-1706
    • Power, S.A.1    Ashmore, M.R.2    Cousins, D.A.3    Ainsworth, N.4
  • 56
    • 0343288369 scopus 로고
    • Incisalia irus revisited: a response to Reverend Ronald Gatrelle
    • Schweitzer D.F. Incisalia irus revisited: a response to Reverend Ronald Gatrelle. News of the Lepidopterists' Society 4 (1992) 69-70
    • (1992) News of the Lepidopterists' Society , vol.4 , pp. 69-70
    • Schweitzer, D.F.1
  • 58
    • 0003903289 scopus 로고
    • The butterflies of North America
    • Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA
    • Scott J.A. The butterflies of North America. A Natural History and Field Guide (1986), Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA
    • (1986) A Natural History and Field Guide
    • Scott, J.A.1
  • 59
    • 0030435309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators for home range analysis
    • Seaman D.E., and Powell R.A. An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators for home range analysis. Ecology 77 (1996) 2075-2085
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 2075-2085
    • Seaman, D.E.1    Powell, R.A.2
  • 60
    • 0038979638 scopus 로고
    • Butterflies that are endangered, threatened, and of special concern in Ohio
    • Shuey J.A., Calhoun J.V., and Iftner D.C. Butterflies that are endangered, threatened, and of special concern in Ohio. The Ohio Journal of Science 87 (1987) 98-106
    • (1987) The Ohio Journal of Science , vol.87 , pp. 98-106
    • Shuey, J.A.1    Calhoun, J.V.2    Iftner, D.C.3
  • 61
    • 33846485507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simmons, T., 1999. Crane Wildlife Management Area draft plan. Massachusetts Natural Heritage Program and Endangered Species Program, Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. Westborough, MA.
  • 62
    • 0030302427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community characteristics and vegetation management of Karner Blue Butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) on rights-of-way in east-central New York, USA
    • Smallidge P.J., Leopold D.J., and Allen C.M. Community characteristics and vegetation management of Karner Blue Butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) on rights-of-way in east-central New York, USA. Journal of Applied Ecology 33 (1996) 1405-1419
    • (1996) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.33 , pp. 1405-1419
    • Smallidge, P.J.1    Leopold, D.J.2    Allen, C.M.3
  • 63
    • 33846517373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorrie, B.A., Somers, P., 1999. The vascular plants of Massachusetts: a county checklist. Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program Massachusetts, Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Westborough, MA.
  • 66
    • 33846536732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swain, P.C., Kearsley, J.B., 2001. Classification of the natural communities of Massachusetts. Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts, Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Westborough, MA.
  • 67
    • 0030433552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of Incisalia irus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in central Wisconsin 1988-1995
    • Swengel A.B. Observations of Incisalia irus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in central Wisconsin 1988-1995. The Great Lakes Entomologist 29 (1996) 47-62
    • (1996) The Great Lakes Entomologist , vol.29 , pp. 47-62
    • Swengel, A.B.1
  • 68
    • 0031986320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of management on butterfly abundance in tall grass prairie and pine barrens
    • Swengel A.B. Effects of management on butterfly abundance in tall grass prairie and pine barrens. Biological Conservation 83 (1998) 77-89
    • (1998) Biological Conservation , vol.83 , pp. 77-89
    • Swengel, A.B.1
  • 69
    • 0030435634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the abundance of adult Karner blues (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Wisconsin surveys 1987-1995
    • Swengel A.B., and Swengel S.R. Factors affecting the abundance of adult Karner blues (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Wisconsin surveys 1987-1995. The Great Lakes Entomologist 29 (1996) 93-105
    • (1996) The Great Lakes Entomologist , vol.29 , pp. 93-105
    • Swengel, A.B.1    Swengel, S.R.2
  • 72
    • 1042291059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes
    • Tscharntke T., and Brandl R. Plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes. Annual Review of Entomology 49 (2004) 405-430
    • (2004) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.49 , pp. 405-430
    • Tscharntke, T.1    Brandl, R.2
  • 73
    • 33846505936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2003. Final Recovery Plan for the Karner Blue Butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis). US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Snelling, MN.
  • 74
    • 0003786448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grasslands of northeastern North America: ecology and conservation of native and agricultural landscapes
    • Vickery P.D., and Dunwiddie P.W. (Eds), Massachusetts Audubon Society, Lincoln, MA
    • Vickery P.D., and Dunwiddie P.W. Grasslands of northeastern North America: ecology and conservation of native and agricultural landscapes. In: Vickery P.D., and Dunwiddie P.W. (Eds). Grasslands of northeastern North America: ecology and conservation of native and agricultural landscapes (1997), Massachusetts Audubon Society, Lincoln, MA 1-13
    • (1997) Grasslands of northeastern North America: ecology and conservation of native and agricultural landscapes , pp. 1-13
    • Vickery, P.D.1    Dunwiddie, P.W.2
  • 75
    • 0242410648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrubland Lepidoptera of southern New England and southeastern New York: ecology, conservation, and management
    • Wagner D.L., Nelson M.W., and Schweitzer D.F. Shrubland Lepidoptera of southern New England and southeastern New York: ecology, conservation, and management. Forest Ecology and Management 185 (2003) 95-112
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.185 , pp. 95-112
    • Wagner, D.L.1    Nelson, M.W.2    Schweitzer, D.F.3
  • 76
    • 0025658254 scopus 로고
    • Species effects on nitrogen cycling: a test with perennial grasses
    • Wedin D.A., and Tilman D. Species effects on nitrogen cycling: a test with perennial grasses. Oecologia 84 (1990) 433-441
    • (1990) Oecologia , vol.84 , pp. 433-441
    • Wedin, D.A.1    Tilman, D.2
  • 77
    • 0032712981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cars, cows and checkerspot butterflies: nitrogen deposition and management of nutrient-poor grasslands for a threatened species
    • Weiss S.B. Cars, cows and checkerspot butterflies: nitrogen deposition and management of nutrient-poor grasslands for a threatened species. Conservation Biology 13 (1999) 1476-1486
    • (1999) Conservation Biology , vol.13 , pp. 1476-1486
    • Weiss, S.B.1
  • 78
    • 29944442468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The severe decline of butterflies on western German calcareous grasslands during the last 30 years: a conservation problem
    • Wenzel M., Schmitt T., Weitzel M., and Seitz A. The severe decline of butterflies on western German calcareous grasslands during the last 30 years: a conservation problem. Biological Conservation 128 (2006) 542-552
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.128 , pp. 542-552
    • Wenzel, M.1    Schmitt, T.2    Weitzel, M.3    Seitz, A.4
  • 79
    • 0023483893 scopus 로고
    • A review of models of home range for animal movement
    • Worton B.J. A review of models of home range for animal movement. Ecological Modeling 38 (1987) 277-298
    • (1987) Ecological Modeling , vol.38 , pp. 277-298
    • Worton, B.J.1
  • 80
    • 0024937921 scopus 로고
    • Kernel methods for estimating the utilization distribution in home range studies
    • Worton B.J. Kernel methods for estimating the utilization distribution in home range studies. Ecology 70 (1989) 164-168
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 164-168
    • Worton, B.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.