Breaking the covenant: Governance of the British army in the twenty-first century

International Affairs

Volumn 82, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1043-1057

  Forster, Anthony ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846465053     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: 14682346     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00587.x     Document Type: Article

References (68)

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2. See e.g. Richard Holmes, 'Soldiers and society', Liddell Hart Annual Lecture, King's College London, 10 May 2006.
3. Anthony Forster, Armed forces and society in Europe (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), p. 115.
4. 'Soldiering, the military covenant', Army Doctrine Publication vol. 5, para 0103, GD&D/18/34/71 Army Code no. 71642, Feb. 2000, http://www.army.mod.uk/servingsoldier/usefulinfo/valuesgeneral/adp5milcov/ ss_hrpers_values_adp5_1_w.html#milcov, accessed 20 Tune 2006.
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6. See Rachel Sylvester, 'Mum factor is hitting the army intake', Daily Telegraph, 3 June 2006, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/ news/2006/06/03/narmy03.xml&sSheet=/news/2006/06/03/ixuknews.html, accessed 5 June 2006;
7. Rachel Sylvester, 'Army is a moral force', Daily Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml;jsessionid= P1IUDV1FCYYW1QFIQMFCFGGAVCBQYIVoxml=/news/2006/06/03/narmy103.xml, accessed 5 June 2006.
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9. The then Defence Secretary said the primary mission was not to seek and destroy the enemy, and he noted: 'We would be perfectly happy to leave in three years' time without firing a shot because our job is to protect the reconstruction.' See Tim Albone et al., "Soldiers who went to build bridges fight for their lives', Times Online, 1 July 2006, http://www. timesonline.co.uk/article/o,251-2251593,00.html, accessed 4 July 2006.
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17. Chris Greenwood, 'Nearly one in four soldiers wants to quit the army', Scotsman, 24 May 2006, http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id= 767602006, accessed 5 June 2006. Absence figures since 2001 are as follows: 2001 86; 2002 118; 2003 134; 2004 229; 2005 377; 2006 (to date) 189.
18. See Tim Moynihan, '1,100 go AWOL since Iraq war', Scotsman, 29 May 2006, http://news.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=1034&id=791442006, accessed 5 June 2006.
19. Gerri Peev, 'Recruitment drive fails to halt exodus as the army suffers shortfall of 1,500', Scotsman, 19 Aug. 2006, http://news.scotsman.com/topics. cfm?tid=1034&id=1216942006, accessed 4 Sept. 2006.
20. Richard Norton Taylor, 'Britain's new top solider: can the military cope? I say - just', Guardian, 4 Sept. 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/ military/story/0,1864263,00.html, accessed 4 Sept. 2006.
21. David Lepard, 'RAF officer faces jail over "illegal war"', The Sunday Times, 16 Oct. 2005, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0, 2087-1828054,00.html, accessed 20 June 2006.
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23. The UN has also played a contextual role through its Committee on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and more recently UN Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, which had an important effect in promoting a more general understanding of gender in conflict situations. See NATO, Summary Record of the Committee on Women in the NATO Farces, meeting in Ottawa, 1-6 June 2003, 21
24. Sean Rayment, 'British soldiers will not face war crimes court', Daily Telegraph, 19 Feb. 2006, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/ news/2006/02/19/nirq219.xml, accessed 10 June 2006.
25. Holmes, 'Soldiers and society'.
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32. Joshua Rozenberg, 'Soldier who shot Iraqi is cleared of murder', Daily Telegraph, 8 April 2005, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/ news/2005/04/08/nwill08.xml, accessed 10 June 2006. 'Lt Gen Sir Alastair Irwin, in charge of Army personnel, wrote to Gen Sir Mike Jackson, the chief of the general staff: "With the current legal, political and ginger group interest in the deaths of Iraqi civilians during Op Telic, there is a significant possibility that this case, our investigation and subsequent failure to offer for prosecution, could become a cause célèbre for pressure groups and a significant threat to the maintenance of the military justice system. "If the Attorney General became aware of it in the meantime, it is possible that he would himself order a review of the case. If, on the other hand, we, the Army, accept that we have made an error, we would reinforce the perception of an organisation that is mature enough to identify failings, and robust enough to regulate for those errors'";
33. see Alderson, 'Army fears'.
34. Thomas Harding, 'Army wanted an officer on trial over Iraq. They picked my husband', Daily Telegraph, 14 Nov. 2005, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/11/14/nmend14.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/11/14/ ixnewstop.html, accessed 10 June 2006;
35. Thomas Harding, Toby Helm and Joshua Rozenberg, 'Blair and Goldsmith accused over court martial of Col Mendonca', Daily Telegraph, 15 Nov. 2005, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/11/15/nmend15. xml, accessed 10 June 2006;
36. Lord Goldsmith, "When there is a credible allegation of serious wrongdoing, the rule of law must apply", Daily Telegraph, 12 June 2006, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/06/12/nirq112. xml, accessed 18 June 2006.
37. Sean Rayment, 'British troops in Iraq are afraid to open fire, secret MoD report confirms', Daily Telegraph, 30 Apr. 2006, http://www.telegraph. co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/04/30/nirq30.xml&sSheet=/news/2006/04/ 30/ixnewstop.html, accessed 26 May 2006.
38. Joshua Rozenberg, 'Services need a better service', Daily Telegraph, 1 Dec. 2005, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/ news/2005/12/01/nlaw01.xml, accessed 10 June 2006.
39. Charles Moskos, 'Institutional and occupational trends in armed forces', in Charles C. Moskos and Frank R. Wood, eds, The military: more than a job (Exeter: A. Wheaton & Co., 1988).
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41. Rayment, 'British troops in Iraq are afraid to open fire'.
42. Goldsmith, 'When there is a credible allegation'.
43. J. Carl Ficarrotta, 'Are military professionals bound by a higher moral standard?', Armed Forces and Society 24: 1, 1997, P. 59.
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58. See Sarah Sands, 'Sir Richard Dannatt: a very honest General', Daily Mail, 12 October 2006, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news. html?in-article_id=410175&in-page_id=1770, accessed 23 Oct. 2006.
59. Collins, 'What the army really needs'.
60. John Reid, 'Slower to condemn, quicker to understand', speech by Rt Hon. John Reid, MP, Secretary of State-for Defence, King's College London, 20 Feb. 2006, http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/ DefencePolicyAndBusinessWeMustBeslower ToCondemnQuickerToUnderstandTheForcesJohnReid.htm, accessed 21 Feb. 2006.
61. The minister for the armed forces has already indicated to parliament that the commissioner would not have the right to be consulted in disciplinary matters, or have the ability to intervene to institute legal proceedings against prosecution decisions, contrary to recommendations of the Blake Report. See 'MOD responds'.
62. Charles Guthrie, 'Be on guard and the disabled joining the Army', Speech by the Chief of the Defence Staff, given at the Royal United Services Institute, 19 December 2000, http://www.knittingcircle.org.uk/armedservices. html#charles%20Guthrie, accessed 19 October 2006;
63. Nicola Hill, 'Guthrie's comments anger disability groups', Guardian, 20 December 2000, http://society.guardian.co.uk/ disabilityrights/story/0,427102,00.html, accessed 23 February 2004.
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