Occupational and environmental human lead exposure in Brazil

Environmental Research

Volumn 103, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 288-297

  Paoliello, M M B ^a   De Capitani, E M ^b  

^a Departamento de Patologia   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Blood lead levels; Brazil; Environmental exposure; Lead exposure; Occupational exposure

Indexed keywords

LEAD; PORPHOBILINOGEN SYNTHASE;

ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; CHILD HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDUSTRIAL EMISSION; LEAD; MINING INDUSTRY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; POLLUTION EFFECT; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; RISK ASSESSMENT; URBAN POLLUTION;

BATTERY INDUSTRY; BODY BURDEN; BRAZIL; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; ERYTHROCYTE; HEAVY METAL POISONING; HUMAN; INDUSTRIAL WORKER; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LEAD POISONING; MINING; NEUROTOXICITY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; POLLUTANT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECYCLING; REFERENCE VALUE; REVIEW; WORKPLACE;

BODY BURDEN; BRAZIL; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; GASOLINE; HUMANS; LEAD; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PORPHOBILINOGEN SYNTHASE;

BRAZIL; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 33846445663     PISSN: 00139351     EISSN: 10960953     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.06.013     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Alvarez-Leite E.M., PRS Z.L., Silveira J.B., and Silva Z.L. Validade da correção dos valores de ALAU através da densidade urinária e da concentração de creatinina. Rev Bras S. Ocup. 17 (1989) 14-15
2. Alves M.A., and Terra N.N. Determination of serum lead concentration by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in subjects working in gas distribution in Santa Maria-RS. Rev. Bras. S. Ocup. 11 (1983) 53-57
3. Apostoli, P., Alessio, L. editors, 1990. Valori di referimento e controllo dei fattori di variabilitá. In: Apostoli P, editor. La Promazione della qualitá dei dati nel monitoraggio biológico. Moderna, Itália, pp. 111-127.
4. Araújo U.C., Pivetta F.R., and Moreira J.C. Occupational lead exposure assessment: a proposal for a strategy to monitor prevention of clinical and subclinical effects. Cad. Saúde Publ. 15 (1999) 123-131
5. Azevedo F.A., Queiroz I.R., Kuno R., Bastian E.Y.O., Maluf C.B., Campos A.E.M., and Diniz K. Avaliação tóxico-epidemiológica da exposição ambiental da população infantil do Município de Cubatão (Sp-Brasil) a metais pesados: chumbo e mercúrio. Rev. Bras. Tox. 2 (1989) 25-32
6. Barreto J.B. Fatores com influência sobre a saúde e conforto de operários em indústria gráfica [Factors influencing health and wellbeing of workers in the printing industry]. Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz 46 (1948) 355-413
7. Bastos R., Pimenta de Mello R., and Cruz W.O. Urinary excretion of coproporphyrin in workers handling lead. Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz 47 (1949) 231-240
8. Bedrikow B. Intoxicação pelo chumbo: aspectos de ocorrência e diagnóstico clínico. Ver. Brás. Saude Ocup. 5 (1977) 44-46
9. Borges D.R. Prevenção da intoxicação pelo chumbo através da contagem de reticulócitos. Rev. Paul. Méd. 36 (1950) 39-44
10. Brasil, 2001. Balanço Mineral Brasileiro. Chumbo, 〈http://www.dnpm.gov.br/ portal/assets/〉, access in August 2005.
11. Brasil, 2002. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), 〈http://www.ibge.gov.br/〉-access in August 2005.
12. Caldeira C., Costa Mattos R.C.O., Meyer A., and Moreira J.C. Applicability limits of urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid as a screening test to evaluate professional intoxication by lead. Cad. Saúde Publ. 16 (2000) 225-230
13. Carvalho F.M., Barreto M.L., Silvany-Netto A.M., Waldron H.A., and Tavares T.M. Multiple causes of anaemia among children living near a lead smelter in Brazil. Sci. Total Environ. 35 (1984) 71-84
14. Carvalho F.M., Silvany-Netto A.M., Tavares T.M., Lima M.E.C., and Waldron H.A. Lead poisoning among children from Santo Amaro, Brazil. Pan. Am. Health Organ. Bull. 19 (1985) 165-175
15. Carvalho F.M., Silvany-Netto A.M., Barbosa A.C., Cotrim A.R.L., and Tavares T.M. Erithrocyte protoporphyrin versus blood lead: relationship with iron status among children exposed to gross environmental pollution. Environ. Res. 71 (1995) 11-15
16. Carvalho F.M., Silvany Neto A.M., Tavares T.M., Costa A.C.A., Chaves C.R., Nascimento L.D., and Reis M.A. Blood lead levels in children and environmental legacy of a lead foundry in Brazil. Pan. Am. J. Pub. Health 13 (2003) 19-23
17. CETESB, 2001. Sistema Estuarino de Santos e São Vicente (CD-ROM). CETESB-Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental, PROCOP-Programa de Controle de Poluição. Governo do Estado de São Paulo. Secretaria do Meio Ambiente. São Paulo (BR) Relatório Técnico.
18. Cordeiro R., and Lima Filho E.C. The inadequacy of threshold values for preventing lead poisoning in Brazil. Cad. Saúde Publ. 11 (1995) 177-186
19. Cordeiro R., Lima Filho E.C., and Salgado P.E.T. Neurological disorders in workers with low levels of lead in the blood. I: Peripheral neuropathy. Rev. Saude Publ. 30 (1996) 248-255
20. Cordeiro R., Lima Filho E.C., Salgado P.E.T., Santos C.O., Constantino L., and Malatesta M.L. Neurological disorders in workers with low levels of lead in the blood. II-Neuropsychological disorders. Rev. Saúde Publ. 30 (1996) 358-363
21. Dabbas M.A., and Al-Zoubi M.A. Blood lead level in the Jordanian population. Saudi Med. J. 21 (2000) 964-967
22. 2 by two administration routes. Rev. Bras. Med. Trab. 2 (2004) 185-190
23. Demarchi A.C.C.O., Souza L.C.D., Santos L.S., and Menezes M.L. Evaluation of lead exposure in workers at industry in Bauru. Salusvita 18 (1999) 27-36
24. De Siqueira M.E., Maia P.P., De Oliveira D.P., and Luengo D.M. Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in the general population of southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ind. Health 41 (2003) 19-23
25. Donni V.L., Bagnoli P., Bartoli D., Bavazzano P., Cavalli I.P., Landucci D., Marinari M.G., Moggi A., Paoli L., Sannino G., Vannuchi C., and Vitti A. Blood lead levels in a non-professionaly-exposed population from six Tuscan provinces. Ann. Ist Sup Sanita 34 (1998) 75-85
26. Dos Santos A.C., Colacciopo S., Dal Bo C.M., and dos Santos N.A. Occupational exposure to lead, kidney function tests, and blood pressure. Am. J. Ind. Méd. 26 (1994) 635-643
27. Fernícola N.A.G.G., and Azevedo F.A. Níveis de chumbo e atividade da desidratase do ácido δ-aminolevulínico (δ-ALA D) no sangue da população da grande São Paulo, Brasil. Rev. Saúde Publ. 15 (1981) 272-282
28. Fischer A.B., Georgieva R., Nikolova V., Halkova J., Bainova A., Hristeva V., Penkov D., and Alandjiisk D. Health risk for children from lead and cadmium near a non-ferrous smelter in Bulgaria. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 206 (2003) 25-38
29. Flores J., and Albert L. Environmental lead in México, 1990-2002. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 181 (2004) 37-109
30. Fonseca E.A. Problemas de hygiene e segurança do trabalho na indústria de acumuladores elétricos [Problems of industrial hygiene and safety in the acid lead battery workplaces]. Arq. Fac. Hig. São Paulo 7 (1953) 87-100
31. Franco-Netto G., Alonzo H.G.A., Cancio J., Jost M., and Souza-Oliveira S. Human health risk reduction due to lead exposure in Brazil. Salud Publica Mex. 45 (2003) s255-s258
32. Freitas C., Simonetti M.H., Silva M.R.P., Sakuma A.M., Carvalho M.F.H., Duran M.C., Kira C.S., Tiglea P., Abreu M.H., and De Capitani E.M. Epidemiological investigation of children exposed to lead in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Epidemiology 14 (2002) 565-566
33. Gerhardsson L., Kazantzis G., and Schultz A. Evaluation of selected publications on reference values for lead in blood. Scan. J. Work Environ. Health 22 (1996) 325-331
34. Kuno, R., Oliveira Filha, M.T., Sitnik, R.H., 1994. Níveis de plumbemia de um grupo populacional próximo à Indústria Incometal-Pindorama-SP. CETESB-Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental. Setor de Toxicologia Humana, São Paulo (BR) (13pp.).
35. Leroyer A., Nisse C., Hemon D., Gruchociak A., Salomez J.L., and Haguenoer J.M. Environmental lead exposure in a population of children in northern France: factors affecting lead burden. Am. J. Ind. Med. 38 (2000) 281-289
36. Leite E.M., Leroyer A., Nisse C., Haguenoer J.M., De Burbure C.Y., Buchet J.P., and Bernard A. Urinary homovanillic acid and serum prolactin levels in children with low environmental exposure to lead. Biomarkers 7 (2002) 49-57
37. Liou S.H., Wu T.N., Chiang H.C., Yang T., Wu Y.Q., Lai J.S., Ho S.T., Lee C.C., Ko Y.C., Ko K.N., and Chang P.Y. Blood lead levels in Taiwanese adults: distribution and influencing factors. Sci. Total Environ. 180 (1996) 211-219
38. Mañay N., Pereira L., and Cousillas Z. Lead contamination in Uruguay. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 159 (1999) 13-19
39. Melo Mattos S.V., Nicácio M.A., Prado G., and Oliveira M.S. Evaluation of exposure to lead inorganic compounds in workers of metroplotitan Belo Horizonte-1998 to 1993. Rev. Bras. S. Ocup. 22 (1994) 7-16
40. Mendes R. Efeitos da exposição profissional ao chumbo em trabalhadores de duas regiões do estado da Bahia [Effects of lead occupational exposure in woekers from two regions of the state of Bahia]. Rev. Bras. Saúde Ocup. 2 (1974) 37-45
41. Mendes R. Effects of lead on workers living in areas with highly endemic intestinal helminthiasis. J. Occup. Med. 19 (1977) 498-499
42. Menegotto R.M., and Paoliello M.M.B. Occupational lead exposure and effects on hematological variables. Rev. Bras. Toxicol. 14 (2001) 31-34
43. Minoia C., Sabbion E., Apostoli P., Pietra R., Pozzoli L., and Gallorini M. Trace element reference values in tissues from habitants of the European Community: a study of 46 elements in urine, blood and serum of Italian subjects. Sci. Total Environ. 95 (1990) 89-105
44. Monteiro H.P., Abdalla D.S.P., Arcuri A.S., and Bechara E.J.H. Oxygen toxicity related to exposure to lead. Clin. Chem. 31 (1985) 1673-1676
45. Montesanti M., Morgantini F., Landucci C., Rossi L., Biagi C., and Castelli S. Livelli ematici di piombo nei bambini della Pianna di Lucca. Rilevazione del 1993. Minerva Pediatr. 47 (1995) 119-125
46. Morisi G., Patriarca M., Carrieri M.P., Fondi G., and Tagi F. Lead exposure: assessment of the risk for the general italian population. Ann. Ist. Sup. Sanita 25 (1989) 423-426
47. Muntner P., Menke A., DeSalvo K.B., Rabito F.A., and Batuman V. Continued decline in blood lead levels among adults in the United States: the National and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Arch. Intern. Med. 165 (2005) 2155-2161
48. Oliveira O.G., and Cavalcanti T. O problema do chumbo numa indústria gráfica [Lead problems in a printing industry]. Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz 48 (1950) 125-142
49. Paoliello, M.M.B., 2002. Human lead exposure in mining areas, Vale do Ribeira, Brazil. Ph.D. Thesis at State University of Campinas, Campinas (239pp.)
50. Paoliello M.M.B., and De Capitani E.M. Environmental contamination and human exposure to lead in Brazil. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 184 (2005) 59-96
51. Paoliello M.M.B., Gutierrez P.R., Turini C.A., Matsuo T., Mezzaroba L., Barbosa D.S., Carvalho S.R.Q., Alvarenga A.L.P., Rezende M.I., Figueiroa G.A., Leite V.G.M., Gutierrez A.C., Lobo B.C.R., and Cascales R.A. Reference values for lead in blood in an urban population in southern Brazil. Pan Am. J. Pub. Health 9 (2001) 315-319
52. Paoliello M.M.B., De Capitani E.M., Cunha F.G., Matsuo T., Carvalho M.F., Sakuma A., and Fiqueiredo B.R. Exposure of children to lead and cadmium from a mining area of Brazil. Environ. Res. 88 (2002) 120-128
53. Paoliello M.M.B., De Capitani E.M., Cunha F.G., Carvalho M.F., Matsuo T., Sakuma A., and Figueiredo B.R. Determinants of blood lead levels in an adult population from a mining area in Brazil. J. Phys. 107 (2003) 127-130
54. Pinto de Almeida A.R., Carvalho F.M., Spínola A.G., and Rocha H. Renal dysfunction in Brazilian lead workers. Am. J. Nephrol. 7 (1987) 455-458
55. Raghunath R., Tripathi R.M., Kumar A.V., Sathe A.P., Khandekar R.N., and Nambi K.S.V. Assessment of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn exposures of 6- to 10-year-old children in Muambai. Environ. Res. 80 (1999) 215-221
56. Rosalém, A., 2004. Associação entre fatores ambientais de exposição ao chumbo e plumbemia com abortamento espontâneo [Association between environmental lead expoure and miscarriage]. Ph.D. Thesis at State University of Campinas (81pp.).
57. Salgado P.E.T. Diagnóstico laboratorial da intoxicação pelo chumbo [Laboratory diagnosis of lead intoxication]. Rev. Bras. Saúde Ocup. 5 (1976) 21-34
58. Sánchez-Cortez J., Ilabaca-Marileo M., Martín M.A., Viñas M.A., and Bravo-Mendez R. Prevalência de plomo em sangre, em niños escolares de Santiago de Chile. Salud Publica Mex. 45 (2003) s264-s268
59. Sánchez-Molina M., and Rojas-Carrión C. Patrón de descenso del plomo sanguíneo en la población costarricense. Salud Publica Mex. 45 (2003) s258-s261
60. Santos Filho E., Silva R.S., Barreto H.H.C., Inomata O.N.K., Lemes V.R.R., Sakuma A.M., and Scorsafava M.A. Concentrações sanguíneas de metais pesados e praguicidas organoclorados em crianças de 1 a 10 anos. Rev. Saúde Publ. 27 (1993) 59-67
61. Sepúlveda A., Veja J., and Delgado I. Exposición severa a plomo ambiental en una población infantil de Antofagasta, Chile. Rev. Med. Chile 128 (2000) 221-232
62. SESI, 1955. Inquérito preliminar de Higiene Industrial no Município de São Paulo [Preliminary investigation on industrial hygiene in São Paulo]. Serviço Social da Indústria, São Paulo.
63. Silva, C.H., 2001. Use of pointers of internal dose and effect with tools for evaluation of the display of the lead. (Dissertação-Mestrado)-Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro (82pp.).
64. Silva, D.B., Souza, M., Torres, J.B., Trindade, D., 1995. Case report of peripheral lead neuropathy in occupational exposure. Rev. HCPA & Fac. Med. Univ. Fed. Rio Gd. do Sul 15, 246-248.
65. Silva C.C., Mattos R.C.O.C., Meyer A., and Moreira J.C. Applicability limits of urinary-aminolevulinic acid as a screening test to evaluate professional intoxication by lead. Cad. Saúde Publ. 16 (2000) 225-230
66. Silvany-Neto A.M., Carvalho F.M., Chaves M.E.C., Brandão A.M., and Tavares T.M. Repeated surveillance of lead poisoning among children. Sci. Total Environ. 78 (1989) 179-186
67. Silvany-Neto A.M., Carvalho F.M., Tavares T.M., Guimarães G.C., Amorin C.J.B., Peres M.F.T., Lopes R.S., Rocha C.M., and Raña M.C. Lead poisoning among children of Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil in 1980, 1985, and 1992. Pan Am. Health Organ. Bull. 30 (1996) 51-62
68. Spínola A.G., Fernícola N.A.G.G., and Mendes R. Intoxicação profissional por chumbo. In: Mendes R. (Ed). Medicina do Trabalho-Doenças Profissionais (1980), Sarvier, São Paulo 437-460
69. Tavares T.M., Brandão A.M., Chaves M.E.C., Silvany-Neto A.M., and Carvalho F.M. Lead in hair of children exposed to gross environmental pollution. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 36 (1989) 221-230
70. WHO, 1995. Environmental Health criteria 165-Inorganic Lead. WHO-World Health Organization. IPCS, Geneva. Publish under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the World Health Organization (300pp.).
71. Yang J.S., Kang S.K., Park I.J., Rhee K.Y., Moon Y.H., and Sohn D.H. Lead concentration in blood among the general population of Korea. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 68 (1996) 199-202
72. Zaia, P.A., 1966. Casos de exposição e intoxicação por chumbo na indústria de São Paulo [Cases of industrial lead exposure and intoxication in São Paulo]. In: Correia, P.C. (Ed.), SESI-18 anos. Divisão de Assistência Social do SESI Publisher, São Paulo.
73. Zentner L.E., and Rondó P.H. Lead contamination among pregnant Brazilian women living near a lead smelter. Int. I. Gynaecol. Obstet. 87 (2004) 147-148
74. Zhang Z.W., Moon C.S., Watanabe T., Shimbo S., He F.S., Wu Y.Q., Zhou S.F., Su D.M., Qu I.B., and Ikeda M. Background exposure of urban populations to lead and cadmium: comparison between China and Japan. Int. Arch. Occup. Health 69 (1997) 273-281