Jehovah's witnesses, blood transfusions, and the tort of misrepresentation

Journal of Church and State

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 783-822

  Louderback Wood, Kerry ^a,b  

^a GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846437118     PISSN: 0021969X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jcs/47.4.783     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Scott C. Idleman, "Tort Liability, Religious Entities, and the Decline of Constitutional Protection," Indiana Law Journal 75 (Winter 2000): 219-23
2. Stephen Senn, "The Prosecution of Religious Fraud," Florida State University Law Review 17 (Winter 1990): 328
3. Robert F. Keeton et. al., Prosser and Keeton on Torts, § 106 (5th ed. 1984)
4. Jerry Bergman, "Understanding Educational Measurement and Evaluation" (1991)
5. "Use of the Internet, be Alert to the Dangers," Kingdom Ministry (November 1999): 3-6
6. Osama Muramoto, "Bioethics of the refusal of blood by Jehovah's Witnesses; part 1. Should bioethical deliberation consider dissidents' views?," Journal of Medical Ethics 24 (August 1998): 225
7. Wilson, Awakening of a Jehovah's Witness, 54-55
8. Available online at www.watchtower.org
9. See Lusk, "How the Watchtower Distorts the Writings of Eusebius to Justify a Blood Transfusion Ban."
10. Voogt et. al., "Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Cancer Prognosis," 836
11. John S. Spratt, MD, "Blood Transfusions and Surgery for Cancer," The American Journal of Surgery 152 (September 1986): 337
12. How Ca Blood Save Your Life?, 8-9, quoting article by Spratt, MD, "Blood Transfusions and Surgery for Cancer."
13. Tarter, "Blood transfusion and infectious complication following colorectal cancer surgery," 790
14. Lawrence K. Altman, MD, "Lyme Disease from a Transfusion? It's Unlikely, but Experts are Wary," New York Times, 18 July 1989, C3
15. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/chagasdisease/ factsht_chagas_disease-.htm
16. and Lawrence Altman, M.D., "Scientists Fear that a Parasite Will Spread in Transfusion," New York Times, 23 May 1989, C3
17. Altman, M.D., "Scientists Fear that a Parasite Will Spread in Transfusion."
18. Lawrence Altman, MD., "Quandary for Patients: Have Surgery, or Await Test for Hepatitis C?" New York Times, 13 February 1990
19. Bruce Lambert, "4 Cases Found of Rare Strain of AIDS Virus-Standard Test Fail to Detect the HIV-2," New York Times, 27 June 1989, B1
20. Dodd et al. Transfusion 2002; 42: 975-9
21. How Can Blood Save Your Life?
22. Jerry Kolins, MD and Leo J. McCarthy, MD, Contemporary Transfusion Practice (American Association of Blood Banks 1987), 12-13
23. Kolins, MD, and McCarthy, MD, Contemporary Transfusion Practice, 12-13
24. J.L. Carson et al., "Effect of anaemia and cardiovascular disease on surgical mortality and morbidity," Lancet 348 (1996): 1055-60, available online at: http://www.americasblood.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=display. showPage&pageID= 129
25. Available online at: http://www.americasblood.org/index.cfm?fuseaction= display.show-Page&pageID= 129, quoting The Transfusion Trigger - Indications for Red Cell Therapy 2, no. 3 (November 1999)
26. Stockman III, MD, "Anemia of Prematurity Current Concepts in the Issue of When to Transfuse," 111
27. Parham v. J.R., 442 U.S. 584 (1979)
28. Available online at: http://www.myeloma.org.uk/pdf/Erythro.PDF
29. Available online at: http://www.bloodbook.com/autolog-3.html
30. (quoting Dixon B. Kaufman, "A Single-Center Experience of Renal Transplantation in Thirteen Jehovah Witnesses," Transplantation 45 (6 June 1988): 1046
31. Kaufman, "A Single-Center Experience of Renal Transplantation in Thirteen Jehovah Witnesses," 1046
32. See http://www.watchtower.org/medical-care-and-blood.htm
33. Raymond Franz, Crisis of Conscience, 4th ed. (Atlanta, Ga.: Commentary Press, 2002), 120-21
34. Franz, Crisis of Conscience, 120-21
35. See www.sangart.com/background
36. See http://www.ajwrb.org/index.shtml
37. See http://www.jwfiles.com/blood.htm
38. See http://www.ajwrb.org/links/index.shtml
39. Muramoto, MD, "The Watchtower Society redefines the guidelines for use of blood products."
40. ("Men of science are constantly developing new methods for performing surgical operations. The Journal of the American Medical Association, November 15, 1971, described a procedure for open-heart surgery that employ's "sever hemodilution." Early in the operation a large quantity of blood is drawn off into a plastic blood bag. Though the bag is left connected to the patient by a tube, the removed and stored blood is no longer circulating in the patient's system. It is replaced with a plasma volume expander, which dilutes the blood remaining in the veins and which gradually dissipates during the operative procedure. Near the conclusion of the operation the blood storage bag is elevated, and the stored blood is reinfused into the patient.... These techniques are noteworthy to Christians, since they ran counter to God's Word. The Bible shows that blood is not to be taken out of a body, stored and then later reused."); available online at: http://www.ajwrb.org/watchtower/ data1.shtml
41. Frazee v. Illinois Dept. of Unemployment Security, 489 U.S. 829 (1989)