Solid-state NMR investigations of the pyrolysis and thermo-oxidative decomposition products of a polystyrene/red phosphorus/magnesium hydroxide system

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Volumn 78, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 378-386

  Fichera, M A ^a   Braun, U ^a   Schartel, B ^a   Sturm, H ^a   Knoll, U ^a   Jager C ^a  

^a BAM FEDERAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TESTING   (Germany)

Author keywords

Flame retarded polymers; HIPS; Magnesium hydroxide; Red phosphorus; Solid state NMR

Indexed keywords

COMBUSTION; MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; POLYSTYRENES;

FLAME RETARDED POLYMERS; MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE; RED PHOSPHORUS; SOLID-STATE NMR;

PYROLYSIS;

EID: 33846356778     PISSN: 01652370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2006.09.013     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. UBA, Substituting Environmentally Relevant Flame Retardants: Assessment Fundamentals, Research Report UBA-FB 000171/1e, Federal Environmental Agency's TEXTE No. 40/2001, Federal Environmental Agency, Berlin 2001.
2. Green J. In: Grand A.F., and Wilkie C.A. (Eds). Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials (2000), Marcel Dekker, New York 147 Chapter 5
3. Schartel B., Kunze R., and Neubert D. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 83 (2002) 2060
4. Schartel B., Kunze R., Neubert D., and Braun U. In: Lewin M. (Ed). Recent Advances in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials VOL. 13 (2002), BCC, Norwalk 93 Chapter IIc
5. Davis J., and Huggard M. J. Vinyl Additive Technol. 2 (1996) 69
6. Braun U., and Schartel B. J. Fire Sci. 23 (2005) 5
7. ASTM D 2863/ISO 4589.
8. Weil E.D. In: Grand A.F., and Wilkie C.A. (Eds). Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials (2000), Marcel Dekker, New York 115 Chapter 4
9. Braun U., and Schartel B. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 205 (2004) 2185
10. Camino G., Riva A., Vizzini D., Castrovinci A., Amigouet P., and Pereira P.B. In: Le Bras M., Wilkie C.A., Bourbigot S., Duquesne S., and Jama C. (Eds). Fire Retardancy of Polymers: New Applications of Mineral Fillers (2005), RSC, Cambridge 248 Chapter 18
11. Riva A., Camino G., Fomperie L., and Amigouet P. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 82 (2003) 346
12. Bourbigot S., Duquesne S., Sebih Z., and Segura S. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 91 (2004) 154
13. Wang Z., Qu B., Fan W., and Huang P. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 81 (2001) 206
14. Wang Z., Wu G., Hu Y., Ding Y., Hu K., and Fan W. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 77 (2002) 327
15. Song L., Hu Y., Lin Z., Xuan S., Wang S., Chen Z., and Fan W. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 86 (2004) 535
16. Lewin M., and Savage E.D. In: Horrocks A.R., and Price D. (Eds). Fire Retardancy Materials (2001), Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge 31 Chapter 2
17. Hastie J.W. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. Sect. A Phys. Chem. 77A (1973) 733
18. Schartel B., and Braun U. e-Polymers (2003) art. no. 013
19. Schartel B., and Braun U. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 91 (2004) 152
20. Horn W.E. In: Grand A.F., and Wilkie C.A. (Eds). Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials (2000), Marcel Dekker, New York 285 Chapter 9
21. Jäger C. In: Bach H., and Krause D. (Eds). Analysis of the Composition and Structure of Glass and Glass Ceramics, Schott Series on Glass and Glass Ceramics; Science, Technology, and Applications (1999), Springer-Verlag, New York 207 Chapter 3.5
22. Schmidt-Rohr K., and Spiess H.W. Multidimensional Solid-State NMR and Polymers (1994), Academic Press Ltd., London
23. Bourbigot S., Vanderhart D.L., Gilman J.W., Bellayer S., Stretz H., and Paul D.R. Polymer 45 (2004) 7627
24. Jahromi S., Gabrielse W., and Braam A. Polymer 44 (2003) 25
25. Dick C.M., Liggat J.J., and Snape C.E. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 74 (2001) 397
26. Bourbigot S., Le Bras M., Leeuwendal R., Shen K.K., and Schubert D. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 64 (1999) 419
27. Gilman J.W., Kashiwagi T., Lomakin S., Vanderhart D.L., and Nagy V. Fire Mater. 22 (1998) 61
28. Hartmann S.R., and Hahn E.L. Phys. Rev. 128 (1962) 2042
29. Metz G., Wu X.L., and Smith S.O. J. Magn. Reson. A 110 (1994) 219
30. Bennett A.E., Rienstra C.M., Auger M., Lakshmi K.V., and Griffin R.G. J. Chem. Phys. 103 (1995) 6951
31. Lyon R.E. In: Harper C.A. (Ed). Handbook of Materials in Fire Protection (2004), McGraw-Hill Handbooks, New York 3.1-3.51 Chapter 3
32. Brauman S.K. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem 15 (1976) 1507
33. Brauman S.K., Chen I.J., and Matzinger D.P. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem 21 (1983) 1831
34. Hartl H. Angew. Chem. 107 (1995) 2857
35. Böcker S., and Häser M. Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 621 (1995) 258
36. Fasol G., Cardona M., Hönle W., and von Schnering H.G. Solid State Commun. 52 (1984) 307
37. Pfitzner A., Bräu M.F., Zweck J., Brunklaus G., and Eckert H. Angew. Chem. 116 (2004) 4324
38. Dupree R., Holland D., and Mortuza M.G. Phys. Chem. Glasses 29 (1988) 18
39. Grimmer A.R., and Haubenreisser U. Chem. Phys. Lett. 99 (1983) 487
40. Feike M., Graf R., Schnell I., Jäger C., and Spiess H.W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (1996) 9631
41. Fayon F., Massiot D., Suzuya K., and Price D.L. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 283 (2001) 88
42. Jäger C., Gottwald J., Spiess H.W., and Newport R.J. Phys. Rev. B 50 (1994) 846