메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 1-14

Field weed population dynamics: A review of model approaches and applications

Author keywords

Competition; Density dependence; Documentation; Economy; Herbicide resistance; Management; Sensitivity; Simulation; Spatial; Stochastic; Validation; Weed biology; Weed control

Indexed keywords

COMPETITION (ECOLOGY); DENSITY DEPENDENCE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; LIFE CYCLE; NUMERICAL MODEL; PESTICIDE RESISTANCE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION MODELING; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; WEED; WEED CONTROL;

EID: 33846299945     PISSN: 00431737     EISSN: 13653180     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00534.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (165)

References (119)
  • 1
    • 0009763529 scopus 로고
    • A computerized model for predicting changes in a population of Galium aparine
    • Economic Weed Control, Stuttgart, Germany
    • AARTS HFM (1986) A computerized model for predicting changes in a population of Galium aparine. In: Proceedings 1986 European Weed Research Society Symposium. 277-284. Economic Weed Control, Stuttgart, Germany.
    • (1986) Proceedings 1986 European Weed Research Society Symposium , pp. 277-284
    • AARTS, H.F.M.1
  • 3
    • 0023516459 scopus 로고
    • The population ecology of Datura ferox in soybean crops. A simulation approach incorporating seed dispersal
    • BALLARÉ CL, SCOPEL AL, GHERSA CM & SANCHEZ RA (1987) The population ecology of Datura ferox in soybean crops. A simulation approach incorporating seed dispersal. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 19, 177-188.
    • (1987) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.19 , pp. 177-188
    • BALLARÉ, C.L.1    SCOPEL, A.L.2    GHERSA, C.M.3    SANCHEZ, R.A.4
  • 4
    • 0024228779 scopus 로고
    • The fate of Datura ferox seeds in the soil as affected by cultivation, depth of burial and degree of maturity
    • BALLARÉ CL, SCOPEL AL, GHERSA CM & SANCHEZ RA (1988) The fate of Datura ferox seeds in the soil as affected by cultivation, depth of burial and degree of maturity. The Annals of Applied Biology 112, 337-345.
    • (1988) The Annals of Applied Biology , vol.112 , pp. 337-345
    • BALLARÉ, C.L.1    SCOPEL, A.L.2    GHERSA, C.M.3    SANCHEZ, R.A.4
  • 5
    • 0027072166 scopus 로고
    • 2 enrichment and dependence of reproduction on density in an annual plant (Abutilon theophrasti) and a simulation of its population dynamics
    • 2 enrichment and dependence of reproduction on density in an annual plant (Abutilon theophrasti) and a simulation of its population dynamics. Journal of Ecology 80, 643-651.
    • (1992) Journal of Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 643-651
    • BAZZAZ, F.A.1    ACKERLY, D.D.2    WOODWARD, F.I.3    ROCHEFORT, L.4
  • 6
    • 33646077215 scopus 로고
    • The realism of models on plant demography
    • BLOM CWPM (1988) The realism of models on plant demography. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 37, 421-438.
    • (1988) Acta Botanica Neerlandica , vol.37 , pp. 421-438
    • BLOM, C.W.P.M.1
  • 7
    • 0035201575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between density-dependent processes, population dynamics and control of an invasive plant species, Tripleurospermum perforatum (scentless chamomile)
    • BUCKLEY YM, HINZ HL, MATTHIES D & REES M (2001) Interactions between density-dependent processes, population dynamics and control of an invasive plant species, Tripleurospermum perforatum (scentless chamomile). Ecology Letters 4, 551-558.
    • (2001) Ecology Letters , vol.4 , pp. 551-558
    • BUCKLEY, Y.M.1    HINZ, H.L.2    MATTHIES, D.3    REES, M.4
  • 8
    • 0037494993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demography and management of the invasive plant species Hypericum perforatum. II. Construction and use of an individual-based model to predict population dynamics and the effects of management strategies
    • BUCKLEY YM, BRIESE DT & REES M (2003a) Demography and management of the invasive plant species Hypericum perforatum. II. Construction and use of an individual-based model to predict population dynamics and the effects of management strategies. Journal of Applied Ecology 40, 494-507.
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 494-507
    • BUCKLEY, Y.M.1    BRIESE, D.T.2    REES, M.3
  • 9
    • 0037832508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demography and management of the invasive plant species Hypericum perforatum. I. Using multi-level mixed-effects models for characterizing growth, survival and fecundity in a long-term data set
    • BUCKLEY YM, BRIESE DT & REES M (2003b) Demography and management of the invasive plant species Hypericum perforatum. I. Using multi-level mixed-effects models for characterizing growth, survival and fecundity in a long-term data set. Journal of Applied Ecology 40, 481-493.
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 481-493
    • BUCKLEY, Y.M.1    BRIESE, D.T.2    REES, M.3
  • 10
    • 0030452987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field evaluation of a bioeconomic model for weed management in corn (Zea mays)
    • BUHLER DD, KING RP, SWINTON SM, GUNSOLUS JL & FORCELLA F (1996) Field evaluation of a bioeconomic model for weed management in corn (Zea mays). Weed Science 44, 915-923.
    • (1996) Weed Science , vol.44 , pp. 915-923
    • BUHLER, D.D.1    KING, R.P.2    SWINTON, S.M.3    GUNSOLUS, J.L.4    FORCELLA, F.5
  • 11
    • 0030945798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field evaluation of a bioeconomic model for weed management in soybean (Glycine max)
    • BUHLER DD, KING RP, SWINTON SM, GUNSOLUS JL & FORCELLA F (1997) Field evaluation of a bioeconomic model for weed management in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Science 45, 158-165.
    • (1997) Weed Science , vol.45 , pp. 158-165
    • BUHLER, D.D.1    KING, R.P.2    SWINTON, S.M.3    GUNSOLUS, J.L.4    FORCELLA, F.5
  • 12
    • 0347238173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the integrated management of velvetleaf in a corn-soybean rotation
    • BUSSAN AJ & BOERBOOM CM (2001a) Modelling the integrated management of velvetleaf in a corn-soybean rotation. Weed Science 49, 31-41.
    • (2001) Weed Science , vol.49 , pp. 31-41
    • BUSSAN, A.J.1    BOERBOOM, C.M.2
  • 13
    • 8144225979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the integrated management of giant foxtail in corn-soybean
    • BUSSAN AJ & BOERBOOM CM (2001b) Modeling the integrated management of giant foxtail in corn-soybean. Weed Science 49, 675-684.
    • (2001) Weed Science , vol.49 , pp. 675-684
    • BUSSAN, A.J.1    BOERBOOM, C.M.2
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0034487824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling different cultivation and herbicide strategies for their effect on herbicide resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides
    • CAVAN G, CUSSANS J & MOSS SR (2000) Modelling different cultivation and herbicide strategies for their effect on herbicide resistance in Alopecurus myosuroides. Weed Research 40, 561-568.
    • (2000) Weed Research , vol.40 , pp. 561-568
    • CAVAN, G.1    CUSSANS, J.2    MOSS, S.R.3
  • 16
    • 0032435575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating crop management and crop rotation effects into models of weed population dynamics: A review
    • COLBACH N & DEBAEKE P (1998) Integrating crop management and crop rotation effects into models of weed population dynamics: a review. Weed Science 46, 717-728.
    • (1998) Weed Science , vol.46 , pp. 717-728
    • COLBACH, N.1    DEBAEKE, P.2
  • 17
    • 0034215702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COLBACH N, MEYNARD JM, CLERMONT-D AUPHIN C & CHAMPOLIVIER J (2000) GeneSys-Colza: a model for the medium-term and long-term effects of cultivation systems on the flows of genes between colza fields and new growth in a given agricultural area. Ocl-Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides 7, 329-340.
    • COLBACH N, MEYNARD JM, CLERMONT-D AUPHIN C & CHAMPOLIVIER J (2000) GeneSys-Colza: a model for the medium-term and long-term effects of cultivation systems on the flows of genes between colza fields and new growth in a given agricultural area. Ocl-Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides 7, 329-340.
  • 18
    • 0035125377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GENESYS: A model of the influence of cropping system on gene escape from herbicide tolerant rapeseed crops to rape volunteers. II. Genetic exchanges among volunteer and cropped populations in a small region
    • COLBACH N, CLERMONT-DAUPHIN C & MEYNARD JM (2001a) GENESYS: a model of the influence of cropping system on gene escape from herbicide tolerant rapeseed crops to rape volunteers. II. Genetic exchanges among volunteer and cropped populations in a small region. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 83, 255-270.
    • (2001) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.83 , pp. 255-270
    • COLBACH, N.1    CLERMONT-DAUPHIN, C.2    MEYNARD, J.M.3
  • 19
    • 0035126642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GENESYS: A model of the influence of cropping system on gene escape from herbicide tolerant rapeseed crops to rape volunteers. I. Temporal evolution of a population of rapeseed volunteers in a field
    • COLBACH N, CLERMONT-DAUPHIN C & MEYNARD JM (2001b) GENESYS: a model of the influence of cropping system on gene escape from herbicide tolerant rapeseed crops to rape volunteers. I. Temporal evolution of a population of rapeseed volunteers in a field. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 83, 235-253.
    • (2001) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.83 , pp. 235-253
    • COLBACH, N.1    CLERMONT-DAUPHIN, C.2    MEYNARD, J.M.3
  • 20
    • 0022222663 scopus 로고
    • A simple model relating yield loss to weed density
    • COUSENS RD (1985) A simple model relating yield loss to weed density. The Annals of Applied Biology 107, 239-252.
    • (1985) The Annals of Applied Biology , vol.107 , pp. 239-252
    • COUSENS, R.D.1
  • 21
    • 0001991158 scopus 로고
    • The use of population models in the study of the economics of weed control
    • Economic Weed Control, Stuttgart, Germany
    • COUSENS RD (1986) The use of population models in the study of the economics of weed control. In: Proceedings 1986 European Weed Research Society Symposium. 269-276. Economic Weed Control, Stuttgart, Germany.
    • (1986) Proceedings 1986 European Weed Research Society Symposium , pp. 269-276
    • COUSENS, R.D.1
  • 22
    • 0000768879 scopus 로고
    • Weed competition and interference in cropping systems
    • eds JH Combellack, KJ Levick, J Parsons & RG Richardson, Melbourne, Australia
    • COUSENS RD (1992) Weed competition and interference in cropping systems. In: Proceedings 1992 First International Weed Control Congress (eds JH Combellack, KJ Levick, J Parsons & RG Richardson), 113-117. Melbourne, Australia.
    • (1992) Proceedings 1992 First International Weed Control Congress , pp. 113-117
    • COUSENS, R.D.1
  • 23
    • 0028974102 scopus 로고
    • Can we determine the intrinsic dynamics of real plant populations?
    • COUSENS RD (1995) Can we determine the intrinsic dynamics of real plant populations? Functional Ecology 9, 15-20.
    • (1995) Functional Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 15-20
    • COUSENS, R.D.1
  • 24
    • 84986995154 scopus 로고
    • A model of the effects of cultivation on the vertical distribution of weed seeds within the soil
    • COUSENS RD & MOSS SR (1990) A model of the effects of cultivation on the vertical distribution of weed seeds within the soil. Weed Research 30, 61-70.
    • (1990) Weed Research , vol.30 , pp. 61-70
    • COUSENS, R.D.1    MOSS, S.R.2
  • 28
    • 0001000132 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the long-term evolution of the weed flora. II. Application to three annual broad-leaved weeds on a given site
    • DEBAEKE P (1988) Modelling the long-term evolution of the weed flora. II. Application to three annual broad-leaved weeds on a given site. Agronomie 8, 767-777.
    • (1988) Agronomie , vol.8 , pp. 767-777
    • DEBAEKE, P.1
  • 29
    • 0000166772 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the long-term evolution of the weed flora. I. Evolution of the seed bank in the cultivated layer
    • DEBAEKE P & SEBILLOTTE M (1988) Modeling the long-term evolution of the weed flora. I. Evolution of the seed bank in the cultivated layer. Agronomie 8, 393-403.
    • (1988) Agronomie , vol.8 , pp. 393-403
    • DEBAEKE, P.1    SEBILLOTTE, M.2
  • 30
    • 0033918337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elasticities: A review of methods and model limitations
    • DE KROON H, van GROENENDAEL J & EHRLÉN J (2000) Elasticities: a review of methods and model limitations. Ecology 81, 607-618.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 607-618
    • DE KROON, H.1    van GROENENDAEL, J.2    EHRLÉN, J.3
  • 31
    • 33846324913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal dynamics of weed populations in crop rotations under the influence of site-specific weed control
    • eds JV Stafford & A Werner, Berlin, Germany
    • DICKE D, KROHMANN P & GERHARDS R (2003) Spatial and temporal dynamics of weed populations in crop rotations under the influence of site-specific weed control. In: Proceedings 2003 4th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. (eds JV Stafford & A Werner), 157-163. Berlin, Germany.
    • (2003) Proceedings 2003 4th European Conference on Precision Agriculture , pp. 157-163
    • DICKE, D.1    KROHMANN, P.2    GERHARDS, R.3
  • 32
    • 84881460907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population dynamics and genetics of herbicide resistance - a modeling approach
    • eds &, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA
    • DIGGLE AJ & NEVE P (2001) The population dynamics and genetics of herbicide resistance - a modeling approach. In: Herbicide Resistance and World Grains (eds SB Powles & DL Shaner), 61-99. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.
    • (2001) Herbicide Resistance and World Grains , pp. 61-99
    • DIGGLE, A.J.1    NEVE, P.2
  • 33
    • 0026350322 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical models in weed management
    • DOYLE CJ (1991) Mathematical models in weed management. Crop Protection 10, 432-444.
    • (1991) Crop Protection , vol.10 , pp. 432-444
    • DOYLE, C.J.1
  • 34
    • 0030851807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the use of models of weed control in integrated crop protection
    • DOYLE CJ (1997) A review of the use of models of weed control in integrated crop protection. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 64, 165-172.
    • (1997) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.64 , pp. 165-172
    • DOYLE, C.J.1
  • 35
    • 0022860057 scopus 로고
    • A model of the economics of controlling Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in winter wheat
    • DOYLE CJ, COUSENS RD & MOSS SR (1986) A model of the economics of controlling Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in winter wheat. Crop Protection 5, 143-150.
    • (1986) Crop Protection , vol.5 , pp. 143-150
    • DOYLE, C.J.1    COUSENS, R.D.2    MOSS, S.R.3
  • 36
    • 84983947593 scopus 로고
    • A mathematical modelling approach to the study of the economics of controlling Rumex obtusifolius in grassland
    • DOYLE CJ, OSWALD AK, HAGGAR RJ & KIRKHAM FW (1984) A mathematical modelling approach to the study of the economics of controlling Rumex obtusifolius in grassland. Weed Research 24, 183-193.
    • (1984) Weed Research , vol.24 , pp. 183-193
    • DOYLE, C.J.1    OSWALD, A.K.2    HAGGAR, R.J.3    KIRKHAM, F.W.4
  • 37
    • 0022229681 scopus 로고
    • On the analysis of competition within two-species mixtures of plants
    • FIRBANK LG & WATKINSON AR (1985) On the analysis of competition within two-species mixtures of plants. Journal of Applied Ecology 22, 503-517.
    • (1985) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.22 , pp. 503-517
    • FIRBANK, L.G.1    WATKINSON, A.R.2
  • 38
    • 0022843918 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the population dynamics of an arable weed and its effects upon crop yield
    • FIRBANK LG & WATKINSON AR (1986) Modelling the population dynamics of an arable weed and its effects upon crop yield. Journal of Applied Ecology 23, 147-159.
    • (1986) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.23 , pp. 147-159
    • FIRBANK, L.G.1    WATKINSON, A.R.2
  • 39
    • 0032448118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the determinants of weed abundance: A model for the population dynamics of Chenopodium album in sugar beet
    • FRECKLETON RP & WATKINSON AR (1998) Predicting the determinants of weed abundance: a model for the population dynamics of Chenopodium album in sugar beet. Journal of Applied Ecology 35, 904-920.
    • (1998) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.35 , pp. 904-920
    • FRECKLETON, R.P.1    WATKINSON, A.R.2
  • 41
    • 0034939304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term population development of Viola arvensis Murray in a crop rotation. II. Modelling population development
    • GEROWITT B & BODENDÖRFER H (2001) Long-term population development of Viola arvensis Murray in a crop rotation. II. Modelling population development. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 108, 269-283.
    • (2001) Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz , vol.108 , pp. 269-283
    • GEROWITT, B.1    BODENDÖRFER, H.2
  • 42
    • 0027832936 scopus 로고
    • A density-dependent model of Cirsium vulgare population dynamics using field-estimated parameter values
    • GILLMAN M, BULLOCK JM, SILVERTOWN J & CLEAR-HILL B (1993) A density-dependent model of Cirsium vulgare population dynamics using field-estimated parameter values. Oecologia 96, 282-289.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.96 , pp. 282-289
    • GILLMAN, M.1    BULLOCK, J.M.2    SILVERTOWN, J.3    CLEAR-HILL, B.4
  • 43
    • 0026066122 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the population dynamics of Avena sterilis under dryland cereal cropping systems
    • GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR JL & FERNANDEZ- QUINTANILLA C (1991) Modelling the population dynamics of Avena sterilis under dryland cereal cropping systems. Journal of Applied Ecology 28, 16-27.
    • (1991) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.28 , pp. 16-27
    • GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, J.L.1    FERNANDEZ- QUINTANILLA, C.2
  • 44
    • 2942715338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the population dynamics of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) under various weed management systems
    • GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR JL & FERNANDEZ- QUINTANILLA C (2004) Modelling the population dynamics of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) under various weed management systems. Crop Protection 23, 723-729.
    • (2004) Crop Protection , vol.23 , pp. 723-729
    • GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, J.L.1    FERNANDEZ- QUINTANILLA, C.2
  • 45
    • 0028976029 scopus 로고
    • Models for the herbicidal control of the seed bank of Avena sterilis: The effects of spatial and temporal heterogeneity and of dispersal
    • GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR JL & PERRY JN (1995) Models for the herbicidal control of the seed bank of Avena sterilis: the effects of spatial and temporal heterogeneity and of dispersal. Journal of Applied Ecology 32, 578-587.
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.32 , pp. 578-587
    • GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, J.L.1    PERRY, J.N.2
  • 46
    • 0033367367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling effects of spatial patterns on the seed bank dynamics of Alopecurus myosuroides
    • GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR JL, PERRY JN & MOSS SR (1999) Modeling effects of spatial patterns on the seed bank dynamics of Alopecurus myosuroides. Weed Science 47, 697-705.
    • (1999) Weed Science , vol.47 , pp. 697-705
    • GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, J.L.1    PERRY, J.N.2    MOSS, S.R.3
  • 47
    • 4944255082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the effect of farmers decisions on the population dynamics of winter wild oat in an agricultural landscape
    • GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR JL, PLANT RE & FERNANDEZ-QUINTANILLA C (2001) Modeling the effect of farmers decisions on the population dynamics of winter wild oat in an agricultural landscape. Weed Science 49, 414-422.
    • (2001) Weed Science , vol.49 , pp. 414-422
    • GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, J.L.1    PLANT, R.E.2    FERNANDEZ-QUINTANILLA, C.3
  • 48
    • 24644472816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems in qualifying and quantifying assumptions in plant protection models: Resultant simulations can be mistaken by a factor of million
    • GRESSEL J (2005) Problems in qualifying and quantifying assumptions in plant protection models: resultant simulations can be mistaken by a factor of million. Crop Protection 24, 1007-1015.
    • (2005) Crop Protection , vol.24 , pp. 1007-1015
    • GRESSEL, J.1
  • 49
    • 0000773880 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the effectiveness of herbicide rotations and mixtures as strategies to delay or preclude resistance
    • GRESSEL J & SEGEL LA (1990) Modelling the effectiveness of herbicide rotations and mixtures as strategies to delay or preclude resistance. Weed Technology 4, 186-198.
    • (1990) Weed Technology , vol.4 , pp. 186-198
    • GRESSEL, J.1    SEGEL, L.A.2
  • 50
    • 0037330136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting weed emergence: A review of approaches and future challenges
    • GRUNDY AC (2003) Predicting weed emergence: a review of approaches and future challenges. Weed Research 43, 1-11.
    • (2003) Weed Research , vol.43 , pp. 1-11
    • GRUNDY, A.C.1
  • 51
    • 22444436292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating biological control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) in California: A GIS based supply-demand demographic model
    • GUTIERREZ AP, PITCAIRN MJ, ELLIS CK, CARRUTHERS N & GHEZELBASH R (2005) Evaluating biological control of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) in California: a GIS based supply-demand demographic model. Biological Control 34, 115-131.
    • (2005) Biological Control , vol.34 , pp. 115-131
    • GUTIERREZ, A.P.1    PITCAIRN, M.J.2    ELLIS, C.K.3    CARRUTHERS, N.4    GHEZELBASH, R.5
  • 53
    • 33846271967 scopus 로고
    • A model of weed population dynamics used for the determination of optimal weed control strategies in relation to the production of winter cereals and sugarbeet
    • HEYLAND KU & KAUL HP (1993) A model of weed population dynamics used for the determination of optimal weed control strategies in relation to the production of winter cereals and sugarbeet. Bodenkultur 44, 29-50.
    • (1993) Bodenkultur , vol.44 , pp. 29-50
    • HEYLAND, K.U.1    KAUL, H.P.2
  • 54
    • 34249762500 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the population dynamics of annual plants with seed bank and density dependent effects
    • JARRY M, KHALADI M, HOSSAERT-MCKEY M & MCKEY D (1995) Modeling the population dynamics of annual plants with seed bank and density dependent effects. Acta Biotheoretica 43, 53-65.
    • (1995) Acta Biotheoretica , vol.43 , pp. 53-65
    • JARRY, M.1    KHALADI, M.2    HOSSAERT-MCKEY, M.3    MCKEY, D.4
  • 55
    • 0034541261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic thresholds and the case for longer term approaches to population management of weeds
    • JONES RE & MEDD RW (2000) Economic thresholds and the case for longer term approaches to population management of weeds. Weed Technology 14, 337-350.
    • (2000) Weed Technology , vol.14 , pp. 337-350
    • JONES, R.E.1    MEDD, R.W.2
  • 56
    • 0000215696 scopus 로고
    • Weed demography and population dynamics: Implications for threshold management
    • JORDAN N (1992) Weed demography and population dynamics: implications for threshold management. Weed Technology 6, 184-190.
    • (1992) Weed Technology , vol.6 , pp. 184-190
    • JORDAN, N.1
  • 57
    • 0027139960 scopus 로고
    • Simulation analysis of weed population dynamics in ridge-tilled fields
    • JORDAN N (1993) Simulation analysis of weed population dynamics in ridge-tilled fields. Weed Science 41, 468-474.
    • (1993) Weed Science , vol.41 , pp. 468-474
    • JORDAN, N.1
  • 59
    • 0010423439 scopus 로고
    • Bioeconomic modeling to simulate weed control strategies for continuous corn (Zea mays)
    • KING RP, LYBECKER DW, SCHWEIZER EE & ZIMDAHL RL (1986) Bioeconomic modeling to simulate weed control strategies for continuous corn (Zea mays). Weed Science 34, 972-979.
    • (1986) Weed Science , vol.34 , pp. 972-979
    • KING, R.P.1    LYBECKER, D.W.2    SCHWEIZER, E.E.3    ZIMDAHL, R.L.4
  • 60
    • 0002176567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weed population dynamics
    • eds H Brown, GW Cussans, MD Devine, SO Duke, C Fernandez-Quintanilla, A Helweg, RE Labrada, M Landes, P Kudsk & JC Streibig, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • KROPFF MJ, WALLINGA J & LOTZ LAP (1996) Weed population dynamics. In: Proceedings 1996 Second International Weed Control Congress. (eds H Brown, GW Cussans, MD Devine, SO Duke, C Fernandez-Quintanilla, A Helweg, RE Labrada, M Landes, P Kudsk & JC Streibig), 3-14. Copenhagen, Denmark.
    • (1996) Proceedings 1996 Second International Weed Control Congress , pp. 3-14
    • KROPFF, M.J.1    WALLINGA, J.2    LOTZ, L.A.P.3
  • 61
    • 0008677097 scopus 로고
    • Erweiterung populationsdynamischer Modelle annuaeller Samenpflanzen durch ein Samenpotential mit Altersstruktur
    • KUNISCH M, RICHTER O & KOCH W (1990) Erweiterung populationsdynamischer Modelle annuaeller Samenpflanzen durch ein Samenpotential mit Altersstruktur. Agrarinformatik 18, 97-115.
    • (1990) Agrarinformatik , vol.18 , pp. 97-115
    • KUNISCH, M.1    RICHTER, O.2    KOCH, W.3
  • 62
    • 0002175963 scopus 로고
    • Inclusion of conceptual modelling in studies on the population dynamics of the genus Striga
    • KUNISCH M, LINKE KH, RICHTERO & KOCH W (1991) Inclusion of conceptual modelling in studies on the population dynamics of the genus Striga. Angewandte Botanik 65, 45-57.
    • (1991) Angewandte Botanik , vol.65 , pp. 45-57
    • KUNISCH, M.1    LINKE, K.H.2    RICHTERO3    KOCH, W.4
  • 63
    • 0000628079 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics and competitive effects of Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) - prediction of costeffective control strategies
    • Brighton, UK
    • LAPHAM J (1987) Population dynamics and competitive effects of Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) - prediction of costeffective control strategies. In: Proceedings 1987 British Crop Protection Conference, Weeds. 1043-1050. Brighton, UK.
    • (1987) Proceedings 1987 British Crop Protection Conference, Weeds , pp. 1043-1050
    • LAPHAM, J.1
  • 64
    • 0028887485 scopus 로고
    • Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) recruitment, survival, seed production, and interference in soybean (Glycine max)
    • LINDQUIST JL, MAXWELL BD, BUHLER DD & GUNSOLUS JL (1995a) Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) recruitment, survival, seed production, and interference in soybean (Glycine max). Weed Science 43, 226-232.
    • (1995) Weed Science , vol.43 , pp. 226-232
    • LINDQUIST, J.L.1    MAXWELL, B.D.2    BUHLER, D.D.3    GUNSOLUS, J.L.4
  • 65
    • 0028896255 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the population dynamics and economics of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) control in a corn (Zea mays)-soybean (Glycine max) rotation
    • LINDQUIST JL, MAXWELL BD, BUHLER DD & GUNSOLUS JL (1995b) Modeling the population dynamics and economics of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) control in a corn (Zea mays)-soybean (Glycine max) rotation. Weed Science 43, 269-275.
    • (1995) Weed Science , vol.43 , pp. 269-275
    • LINDQUIST, J.L.1    MAXWELL, B.D.2    BUHLER, D.D.3    GUNSOLUS, J.L.4
  • 66
    • 0344172660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population dynamics of Anisantha sterilis in winter wheat: Comparative demography and the role of management
    • LINTELL SMITH G, FRECKLETON RP, FIRBANK LG & WATKINSON AR (1999) The population dynamics of Anisantha sterilis in winter wheat: comparative demography and the role of management. Journal of Applied Ecology 36, 455-471.
    • (1999) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.36 , pp. 455-471
    • LINTELL SMITH, G.1    FRECKLETON, R.P.2    FIRBANK, L.G.3    WATKINSON, A.R.4
  • 67
    • 0031030262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the demography of crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) as affected by broad bean (Vicia faba) cropping frequency and planting date
    • LÓPEZ-GRANADOS F & GARCÍA- TORRES L (1997) Modelling the demography of crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) as affected by broad bean (Vicia faba) cropping frequency and planting date. Weed Science 45, 261-268.
    • (1997) Weed Science , vol.45 , pp. 261-268
    • LÓPEZ-GRANADOS, F.1    GARCÍA- TORRES, L.2
  • 68
    • 0032901480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of herbicide use in a crop rotation with transgenic herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape
    • MADSEN KH, BLACKLOW WM, JENSEN JE & STREIBIG JC (1999) Simulation of herbicide use in a crop rotation with transgenic herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape. Weed Research 39, 95-106.
    • (1999) Weed Research , vol.39 , pp. 95-106
    • MADSEN, K.H.1    BLACKLOW, W.M.2    JENSEN, J.E.3    STREIBIG, J.C.4
  • 70
    • 33846302207 scopus 로고
    • A population model for Noogoora burr (Xanthium occidentale)
    • MARTIN RJ & CARNAHAN JA (1983) A population model for Noogoora burr (Xanthium occidentale). Australian Rangeland Journal 5, 54-62.
    • (1983) Australian Rangeland Journal , vol.5 , pp. 54-62
    • MARTIN, R.J.1    CARNAHAN, J.A.2
  • 71
    • 0000515608 scopus 로고
    • The influence of weed seed dispersion versus the effect of competition on crop yield
    • MAXWELL BD & GHERSA C (1992) The influence of weed seed dispersion versus the effect of competition on crop yield. Weed Technology 6, 196-204.
    • (1992) Weed Technology , vol.6 , pp. 196-204
    • MAXWELL, B.D.1    GHERSA, C.2
  • 72
    • 0000424713 scopus 로고
    • Population modeling approach for evaluating leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) development and growth
    • MAXWELL BD, WILSON MV & RADOSEVICH SR (1988) Population modeling approach for evaluating leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) development and growth. Weed Technology 2, 132-138.
    • (1988) Weed Technology , vol.2 , pp. 132-138
    • MAXWELL, B.D.1    WILSON, M.V.2    RADOSEVICH, S.R.3
  • 73
    • 0003033903 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the evolution and dynamics of herbicide resistance in weed populations
    • MAXWELL BD, ROUSH ML & RADOSEVICH SR (1990) Predicting the evolution and dynamics of herbicide resistance in weed populations. Weed Technology 4, 2-13.
    • (1990) Weed Technology , vol.4 , pp. 2-13
    • MAXWELL, B.D.1    ROUSH, M.L.2    RADOSEVICH, S.R.3
  • 74
    • 0036707146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weed populations and crop rotations: Exploring dynamics of a structured periodic system
    • MERTENS SKF, DEN BOSCH F & HEESTERBEEK JAP (2002) Weed populations and crop rotations: exploring dynamics of a structured periodic system. Ecological Applications 12, 1125-1141.
    • (2002) Ecological Applications , vol.12 , pp. 1125-1141
    • MERTENS, S.K.F.1    DEN BOSCH, F.2    HEESTERBEEK, J.A.P.3
  • 75
    • 33646342008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multispecies resistance and integrated management: A bioeconomic model for integrated management of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)
    • MONJARDINO M, PANNELL DJ & POWLES SB (2003) Multispecies resistance and integrated management: a bioeconomic model for integrated management of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Weed Science 51, 798-809.
    • (2003) Weed Science , vol.51 , pp. 798-809
    • MONJARDINO, M.1    PANNELL, D.J.2    POWLES, S.B.3
  • 77
    • 33846268597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MORRISON IN & FRIESEN LF (1996) Herbicide resistant weeds: mutation, selection, misconception. In: Proceedings 1996 Second International Weed Control Congress. (eds H Brown, GW Cussans, MD Devine, SO Duke, C Fernandez-Quintanilla, A Helweg, RE Labrada, M Landes, P Kudsk & JC Streibig), 377-385. Copenhagen, Denmark.
    • MORRISON IN & FRIESEN LF (1996) Herbicide resistant weeds: mutation, selection, misconception. In: Proceedings 1996 Second International Weed Control Congress. (eds H Brown, GW Cussans, MD Devine, SO Duke, C Fernandez-Quintanilla, A Helweg, RE Labrada, M Landes, P Kudsk & JC Streibig), 377-385. Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • 78
    • 0010734240 scopus 로고
    • Towards a rationale for the prediction of weed infestations and the assessment of control strategies
    • Brighton, UK
    • MORTIMER AM & FIRBANK LG (1983) Towards a rationale for the prediction of weed infestations and the assessment of control strategies. In: Proceedings 10th International Congress of Plant Protection. 146-153. Brighton, UK.
    • (1983) Proceedings 10th International Congress of Plant Protection , pp. 146-153
    • MORTIMER, A.M.1    FIRBANK, L.G.2
  • 79
    • 84982538662 scopus 로고
    • The prediction of weed infestations: Concepts and approaches
    • MORTIMER AM & PUTWAIN PD (1984) The prediction of weed infestations: concepts and approaches. Bulletin OEPP 14, 439-446.
    • (1984) Bulletin OEPP , vol.14 , pp. 439-446
    • MORTIMER, A.M.1    PUTWAIN, P.D.2
  • 81
    • 0036238370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term modelling of weed control strategies: Analysis of threshold-based options for weed species with contrasted competitive abilities
    • MUNIER-JOLAIN NM, CHAUVEL B & GASQUEZ J (2002) Long-term modelling of weed control strategies: analysis of threshold-based options for weed species with contrasted competitive abilities. Weed Research 42, 107-122.
    • (2002) Weed Research , vol.42 , pp. 107-122
    • MUNIER-JOLAIN, N.M.1    CHAUVEL, B.2    GASQUEZ, J.3
  • 82
    • 0032407137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanistic model of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) population dynamics
    • NEESER C, AGUERO R & SWANTON CJ (1998) A mechanistic model of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) population dynamics. Weed Science 46, 673-681.
    • (1998) Weed Science , vol.46 , pp. 673-681
    • NEESER, C.1    AGUERO, R.2    SWANTON, C.J.3
  • 83
    • 0028763687 scopus 로고
    • Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the early sciences
    • ORESKES N, SHRADER-FRECHETE K & BELITZ K (1994) Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the early sciences. Science 263, 641-646.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 641-646
    • ORESKES, N.1    SHRADER-FRECHETE, K.2    BELITZ, K.3
  • 84
    • 0025607675 scopus 로고
    • Field tests of neighbourhood population dynamic models of two annual weed species
    • PACALA SW & SILANDER JA (1990) Field tests of neighbourhood population dynamic models of two annual weed species. Ecological Monographs 60, 113-134.
    • (1990) Ecological Monographs , vol.60 , pp. 113-134
    • PACALA, S.W.1    SILANDER, J.A.2
  • 85
    • 38149144957 scopus 로고
    • Astochastic dynamic programming framework for weed control decision making: An application to Avena fatua L
    • PANDEY S & MEDD RW (1991) Astochastic dynamic programming framework for weed control decision making: an application to Avena fatua L. Agricultural Economics 6, 115-128.
    • (1991) Agricultural Economics , vol.6 , pp. 115-128
    • PANDEY, S.1    MEDD, R.W.2
  • 86
    • 0030802257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity analysis of normative economic models: Theoretical framework and practical strategies
    • PANNELL DJ (1997) Sensitivity analysis of normative economic models: theoretical framework and practical strategies. Agricultural Economics 16, 139-152.
    • (1997) Agricultural Economics , vol.16 , pp. 139-152
    • PANNELL, D.J.1
  • 88
    • 0031889334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of Rumex obtusifolius under contrasting lucerne cropping systems
    • PINO J, SANS FX & MASALLES RM (1998) Population dynamics of Rumex obtusifolius under contrasting lucerne cropping systems. Weed Research 38, 25-33.
    • (1998) Weed Research , vol.38 , pp. 25-33
    • PINO, J.1    SANS, F.X.2    MASALLES, R.M.3
  • 89
    • 0007694034 scopus 로고
    • The resistance of weeds to herbicides: Rational approaches for containment of a growing problem
    • Brighton, UK
    • PUTWAIN PD & MORTIMER AM (1989) The resistance of weeds to herbicides: rational approaches for containment of a growing problem. In: Proceedings 1989 Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Weeds. 285-294. Brighton, UK.
    • (1989) Proceedings 1989 Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Weeds , pp. 285-294
    • PUTWAIN, P.D.1    MORTIMER, A.M.2
  • 91
    • 33846335339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAUBER R & KOCH W (1975) Population dynamics of wild oats (Avena fatua) from the point of view of long term forecasting of infestations. In: Proceedings 1975 Symposium on Status, Biology and Control of Grassweeds in Europe; Organised by EWRS and COLUMA. 113-123. Paris, France.
    • RAUBER R & KOCH W (1975) Population dynamics of wild oats (Avena fatua) from the point of view of long term forecasting of infestations. In: Proceedings 1975 Symposium on Status, Biology and Control of Grassweeds in Europe; Organised by EWRS and COLUMA. 113-123. Paris, France.
  • 92
    • 0034035843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling of the spread of herbicide resistant weeds by the linking of population genetic models with cellular automation models
    • RICHTER O, BÖTTCHER U & ZWERGER P (2000) Modelling of the spread of herbicide resistant weeds by the linking of population genetic models with cellular automation models. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, Sonderheft 17, 329-336.
    • (2000) Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, Sonderheft , vol.17 , pp. 329-336
    • RICHTER, O.1    BÖTTCHER, U.2    ZWERGER, P.3
  • 93
    • 0036198579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling spatiotemporal dynamics of herbicide resistance
    • RICHTER O, ZWERGER P & BÖTTCHER U (2002) Modelling spatiotemporal dynamics of herbicide resistance. Weed Research Oxford 42, 52-64.
    • (2002) Weed Research Oxford , vol.42 , pp. 52-64
    • RICHTER, O.1    ZWERGER, P.2    BÖTTCHER, U.3
  • 94
    • 2942717231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model validation using equivalence tests
    • ROBINSON AP & FROESE RE (2004) Model validation using equivalence tests. Ecological Modelling 176, 349-358.
    • (2004) Ecological Modelling , vol.176 , pp. 349-358
    • ROBINSON, A.P.1    FROESE, R.E.2
  • 95
    • 0030274304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing ecological models: The meaning of validation
    • RYKIEL EJ (1996) Testing ecological models: the meaning of validation. Ecological Modelling 90, 229-244.
    • (1996) Ecological Modelling , vol.90 , pp. 229-244
    • RYKIEL, E.J.1
  • 96
    • 0007709452 scopus 로고
    • An approach to the study of the population dynamics of plants with special reference to weeds
    • SAGAR GR & MORTIMER AM (1976) An approach to the study of the population dynamics of plants with special reference to weeds. Applied Biology 1, 1-47.
    • (1976) Applied Biology , vol.1 , pp. 1-47
    • SAGAR, G.R.1    MORTIMER, A.M.2
  • 98
    • 0030474068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the seed bank dynamics of Orobanche crenata Forsk. in some crop rotations common in northern Syria
    • SCHNELL H, KUNISCH M, SAXENA MC & SAUERBORN J (1996) Simulation of the seed bank dynamics of Orobanche crenata Forsk. in some crop rotations common in northern Syria. Experimental Agriculture 32, 395-403.
    • (1996) Experimental Agriculture , vol.32 , pp. 395-403
    • SCHNELL, H.1    KUNISCH, M.2    SAXENA, M.C.3    SAUERBORN, J.4
  • 99
    • 33747610746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models for improving the targeting and implementation of biological control of weeds
    • SHEA K (2004) Models for improving the targeting and implementation of biological control of weeds. Weed Technology 18, 1578-1581.
    • (2004) Weed Technology , vol.18 , pp. 1578-1581
    • SHEA, K.1
  • 100
    • 0031857842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating biocontrol agent impact with matrix models: Carduus nutans in New Zealand
    • SHEA K & KELLY D (1998) Estimating biocontrol agent impact with matrix models: Carduus nutans in New Zealand. Ecological Applications 8, 824-832.
    • (1998) Ecological Applications , vol.8 , pp. 824-832
    • SHEA, K.1    KELLY, D.2
  • 101
    • 30644461891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling for management of invasive species: Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) in New Zealand
    • SHEA K & KELLY D (2004) Modeling for management of invasive species: musk thistle (Carduus nutans) in New Zealand. Weed Technology 18, 1338-1341.
    • (2004) Weed Technology , vol.18 , pp. 1338-1341
    • SHEA, K.1    KELLY, D.2
  • 103
    • 0027838728 scopus 로고
    • Population model of the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Scrophulariaceae) to investigate the potential of Smicronyx umbrinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for biological control in Mali
    • SMITH MC, HOLT J & WEBB M (1993) Population model of the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Scrophulariaceae) to investigate the potential of Smicronyx umbrinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for biological control in Mali. Crop Protection 12, 470-476.
    • (1993) Crop Protection , vol.12 , pp. 470-476
    • SMITH, M.C.1    HOLT, J.2    WEBB, M.3
  • 104
    • 0031452969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for the impact of herbicide tolerance on the performance of oilseed rape as a volunteer weed
    • SQUIRE GR, BURN D & CRAWFORD JW (1997) A model for the impact of herbicide tolerance on the performance of oilseed rape as a volunteer weed. Annals of Applied Biology 131, 315-338.
    • (1997) Annals of Applied Biology , vol.131 , pp. 315-338
    • SQUIRE, G.R.1    BURN, D.2    CRAWFORD, J.W.3
  • 106
    • 0028002451 scopus 로고
    • A bioeconomic model for weed management in corn and soybean
    • SWINTON SM & KING RP (1994) A bioeconomic model for weed management in corn and soybean. Agricultural Systems 44, 313-335.
    • (1994) Agricultural Systems , vol.44 , pp. 313-335
    • SWINTON, S.M.1    KING, R.P.2
  • 107
    • 0000034786 scopus 로고
    • Oscillatory dynamics in populations of an annual weed species Abutilon theophrasti
    • THRALL PH, PACALA SW & SILANDER JA (1989) Oscillatory dynamics in populations of an annual weed species Abutilon theophrasti. Journal of Ecology 77, 1135-1149.
    • (1989) Journal of Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1135-1149
    • THRALL, P.H.1    PACALA, S.W.2    SILANDER, J.A.3
  • 109
    • 84984081727 scopus 로고
    • Patchy distribution of weeds and some implications for modelling population dynamics: A short literature review
    • VAN GROENENDAEL JM (1988) Patchy distribution of weeds and some implications for modelling population dynamics: a short literature review. Weed Research 28, 437-441.
    • (1988) Weed Research , vol.28 , pp. 437-441
    • VAN GROENENDAEL, J.M.1
  • 111
    • 0034784184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mathematical model to predict the population dynamics of Oryza sativa var. sylvatica
    • VIDOTTO F, FERRERO A & DUCCO G (2001) A mathematical model to predict the population dynamics of Oryza sativa var. sylvatica. Weed Research 41, 407-420.
    • (2001) Weed Research , vol.41 , pp. 407-420
    • VIDOTTO, F.1    FERRERO, A.2    DUCCO, G.3
  • 112
    • 0004290796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK
    • VOSE D (2000) Risk Analysis. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK.
    • (2000) Risk Analysis
    • VOSE, D.1
  • 113
    • 0030614103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Level of threshold weed density does not affect the long-term frequency of weed control
    • WALLINGA J & van OIJEN M (1997) Level of threshold weed density does not affect the long-term frequency of weed control. Crop Protection 16, 273-278.
    • (1997) Crop Protection , vol.16 , pp. 273-278
    • WALLINGA, J.1    van OIJEN, M.2
  • 114
    • 0346735403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using CA model to obtain insight into mechanism of plant population spread in a controllable system: Annual weeds as an example
    • WANG J, KROPFF MJ, LAMMERT B, CHRISTENSEN S & HANSEN PK (2003) Using CA model to obtain insight into mechanism of plant population spread in a controllable system: annual weeds as an example. Ecological Modelling 166, 277-286.
    • (2003) Ecological Modelling , vol.166 , pp. 277-286
    • WANG, J.1    KROPFF, M.J.2    LAMMERT, B.3    CHRISTENSEN, S.4    HANSEN, P.K.5
  • 115
    • 0141884859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weed management decision models: Pitfalls, perceptions, and possibilities of the economic threshold approach
    • WILKERSON GG, WILES LJ & BENNETT AC (2002) Weed management decision models: pitfalls, perceptions, and possibilities of the economic threshold approach. Weed Science 50, 411-424.
    • (2002) Weed Science , vol.50 , pp. 411-424
    • WILKERSON, G.G.1    WILES, L.J.2    BENNETT, A.C.3
  • 116
    • 0011062018 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cultivation and seed shedding on the population dynamics of Galium aparine in winter wheat crops
    • Brighton, UK
    • WILSON BJ & WRIGHT KJ (1991) Effects of cultivation and seed shedding on the population dynamics of Galium aparine in winter wheat crops. In: Proceedings 1991 Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Weeds. 813-820. Brighton, UK.
    • (1991) Proceedings 1991 Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Weeds , pp. 813-820
    • WILSON, B.J.1    WRIGHT, K.J.2
  • 117
    • 0034105019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mathematical analysis of factors affecting the rate of spread of patches of annual weeds in an arable field
    • WOOLCOCK JL & COUSENS RD (2000) A mathematical analysis of factors affecting the rate of spread of patches of annual weeds in an arable field. Weed Science 48, 27-34.
    • (2000) Weed Science , vol.48 , pp. 27-34
    • WOOLCOCK, J.L.1    COUSENS, R.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.