Alkaline orogenic plutonism in the karakorum batholith: the upper cretaceous koz sar complex (karambar valley, n. pakistan)

Geodinamica Acta

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 145-160

  Debon, François ^a   Ali Khan, Naseer ^b  

^a Institut Dolomieu   (France)

^b Geological Survey of Pakistan   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Active margins; Alkaline plutonic rocks; Karakorum; Pakistan; Plate collision

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846295873     PISSN: 09853111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09853111.1996.11105282     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. AFZAU H., DEBON F., LE FORT P. & SONET J. (1979). Le massif monzosyénitique de Zarkachan (Afghanistan central): caractères, âge Rb-Sr et implications tecto-orogéniques. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 288, D, 287-290
2. BATCHELOR R.A. & BOWDEN P. (1985). Petrogenetic interpretation of granitoid rock series using multicationic parameters. Chem. Geol., 48, 43-55
3. BONIN B. (1988). From orogenic to anorogenie environments: evidence from associated magmatic episodes. Schweiz, mineral, petrogr. Mitt., 68, 301-311
4. BONIN B. (1990). From orogenic to anorogenie settings: evolution of granitoid suites after a major orogenesis. Geol. J., 25, 261-270
5. BONIN B. & LAMEYRE J. (1978). Réflexions sur la position et l’origine des complexes magmatiques anorogéniques. Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., (7) XX, 45-59
6. BONIN B., GRELOU-ORSINI C. & VIALETTE Y. (1978). Age, origin and evolution of the anorogenie complex of Evisa (Corsica): a K-Li-Rb-Sr study. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol, 65, 425-432
7. BROOKFIELD M.E. & REYNOLDS P.H. (1981). Late Cretaceous emplacement of the Indus suture zone ophiolitic mélanges and an Eocene-Oligocene magmatic arc on the northern edge of the Indian plate. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 55, 157-162
8. CASNEDI R. (1980). Stratigraphical outline of the area between Karakorum and Hindu Kush with probable occurrence of a Hercynian geosynclinal stage. Mem. Soc. Geol. It, 20, 277-287
9. CASNEDI R. (1984). Geological reconnaissance in the Ishkuman and Karambar valleys (Northern Pakistan). Atli Soc. ital. Sci. nat., 125, 132-138
10. CLARKE D.B. (1992). Granitoid rocks. Topics in the Earth Sciences, 7, Chapman & Hall, London, 283 p
11. COWARD M. P., BUTLER R.W.H., KHAN M.A. & KNIIM, R.J. (1987). The tectonic history of Kohistan and its implications for Himalayan structure. J. Geol. Soc., London, 144, 377-391
12. CRAWFORD M.B. & SEARLE M.P. (1992). Field relationships and geochemistry of pre-collisiotjal (India-Asia) granitoid maginatism in the central Karakoram, northern Pakistan. Tectonophysics, 206, 171-192
13. CROSS T.A. & PILGER R.H. (1982). Controls of subduction geometry, location of magmatic arcs, and tectonics of arc and back-arc regions. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 93, 545-562
14. DEBON F. (1995). Incipient India-Eurasia collision and plutonism: the Lower Cenozoic Batura granites (Hunza Karakorum, North Pakistan). J. Geol. Soc., London, 152, 885-895
15. DEBON F. & Au KHAN N. (1993). Field study of the western Karakorum axial batholith along the Karambar valley (Northern Pakistan). 8th Himalaya Karakorum Tibet Workshop, Vienna, Abstr. Volume, 15
16. DEBON F. & LE FORT P. (1983). A chemical-mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh: Earth Sci., 73, 135-149
17. DEBON F. & LE FORT P. (1988). A cationic classification of common plutonic rocks and their magmatic associations: principles, method, applications. Bull. Minéral., III, 493-510
18. DEBON F., AFZALI H., LE FORT P. & SONET J. (1987a). Major intrusive stages in Afghanistan: typology, age and geodynamic setting. Geol. Rundsch., 76, 245-264
19. DEBON F., LE FORT P., DAUTEL D., SONET J. & ZIMMERMANN J.L. (1987b). Granites of western Karakorum and northern Kohistan (Pakistan): a composite Mid-Cretaceous to Upper Cenozoic magmatism. Lithos, 20, 19-40
20. DEBON F., ZIMMERMANN J.L. & LE FORT P. (1996). Upper Hunza granites (North Karakorum, Pakistan): a syn-collision bimodal plutonism of mid-Cretaceous age. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 323, II a, 381-388
21. DESIO A. & MARTINA E. (1972). Geology of the Upper Hunza valley, Karakorum, West Pakistan, Boll. Soc. Geol. it., 91, 283-314
22. EBY G.N. (1992). Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: Petrogenetic and tectonic implications. Geology, 20, 641-644
23. EVENSEN N.M., HAMILTON P.J. & O’NIONS R.K. (1978). Rare-earth abundances in chondritic meteorites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42, 1199-1212
24. FOSTER D.M. (1960). Interpretation of the composition of trioctaedral micas. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 354 B, 49 p
25. GAETANI M. (submitt.). The Karakorum block in Central Asia, from Ordovician to Cretaceous. Sedim. Geol
26. GAETANI M., GARZANTI E., JADOUL F., NICORA A., TINTORI A., PASINI M. & SABIR ALI KHAN K. (1990). The north Karakorum side of the Central Asia geopuzzle. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 102, 54-62
27. GAETANI M., JADOUL F., ERBA E. & GARZANTI E. (1993). Jurassic and Cretaceous orogenic events in the North Karakoram: age constraints from sedimentary rocks. In TRELOAR P.J. & SEARLE M.P. (eds.), Himalayan Tectonics. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Pub., 74, 39-52
28. GLAZNER A.F. (1991). Plutonism, oblique subduction, and continental growth: An example from the Mesozoic of California. Geology, 19, 784-786
29. GROCOTT J., BROWN M., DALLMEYER R.D., TAYLOR G.K. & TRELOAR P.J. (1994). Mechanisms of continental growth in extensional arcs: An example from the Andean plate-boun-dary zone. Geology, 22, 391-394
30. HIBBARD M.J. (1991). Textural anatomy of twelve magma-mixed granitoid systems. In DIDIER J. & BARBARIN B. (eds.), Enclaves and granite petrology. Developments in Petrology, 13, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 431-444
31. HOOGERDUUN STRATING E.H. (1994). Extensional faulting in an intraoceanic subduction complex-working hypothesis for the Palaeogene of the Alps-Apennine system. Tectonophysics, 238, 255-273
32. HRADETZKY H. & LIPPOLT H.J. (1993). Generation and distortion of Rb/Sr whole-rock isochrons-effects of metamorphism and alteration. Europ. J. Miner., 5, 1175-1193
33. KEMPE D.R.C. (1986). A note on the ages of the alkaline rocks of the Peshawar plain alkaline igneous province, NW Pakistan. Geol. Bull. Univ. Peshawar, 19, 113-119
34. KHAN T., KHAN M.A. & JAN M.Q. (1995).-Back-arc basin assemblage in Kohistan, Himalaya, North Pakistan. 10th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop, Abstr. Volume, Mitt. Geol. Inst. ETH Zürich, 298, 4 p
35. KLOOTWIJK C.T., GEE J.S., PEIRCE J.W., SMITH G.W. & MCFADDEN P.H. (1992). An early India-Asia contact: Paleomagnetic constraints from Ninetyeast Ridge, ODP Leg 121. Geology, 20, 395-398
36. LA ROCHE H. DE, LETERRIER J., GRANDCLAUDE P. & MARCHAL M. (1980). A classification of volcanic and plutonic rocks using R1-R2 diagrams and major element analyses. Its relationships with current nomenclature. Chem. Geol., 29, 183-210
37. LEAKE B.E. (1978). Nomenclature of amphiboles. Amer. Miner., 63, 1023-1052
38. LE BAS M.J., MIAN I. & REX D.C. (1987). Age and nature of carbonatite emplacement in North Pakistan. Geol. Rundsch., 76,317-323
39. LE FORT P. (1988). Granites in the tectonic evolution of the Himalaya, Karakorum and southern Tibet. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, A 326, 281-299
40. LE FORT P. (1989). The Himalayan orogenic segment. In SENGÖR A.M.C. (edit.), Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan region. Proceed. NATO ASI Meeting, Istanbul, 1985, Kluwer Acad. Publ., 289-386
41. LE FORT P. & PÊCHER A. (1995). The scar of the Shyok suture between Kohistan-Ladakh and Karakorum from Hunza to Baltistan (Pakistan). 10th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop, Abstr. Volume, Mitt. Geol. Inst. ETH Zurich, 298, 3 p
42. Le FORT P., MICHARD A., SONET J. & ZIMMERMANN J.L. (1983). Petrography, geochemistry and geochronology of some samples from the Karakorum batholith (Northern Pakistan). In SHAMS F.A. (edit.), Granites of Himalayas, Karakorum and Hindu-Kush. Punjab Univ., Lahore, 377-387
43. LE FORT P., TONCJIORGI M. & GAETANI M. (1994). Discovery of a crystalline basement and Early Ordovician marine transgression in the Karakorum mountain range, Pakistan. Geology, 22, 941-944
44. LE MAÎTRE R.W. (11 co-authors) (1989). A classification of igneous rocks and glossary of terms. Blackwell, Oxford, 193 p
45. LEMENNICIER Y., LE FORT P., LOMBARDO B., PÊCHER A. & ROLFO F. (1996). Tectonometamorphic evolution of the central Karakorum (Baltistan, northern Pakistan). Tectonophysics, (in press)
46. LEVEN E.J.A. (1995). Permian and Triassic of the Rushan-Pshart Zone (Pamir), Riv. It. Paleont. St rat., 101, 3-16
47. LIÉGEOIS J.P. & BLACK R. (1987). Alkaline magmatism subsequent to collision in the Pan-African belt of the Adrar des Iforas (Mali). In FITTON J.G. & UPTON B.G.J. (eds.), Alkaline igneous rocks. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Pub., 30, 381-401
48. Matsushita S. & Huzita K. (1965). Geology of the Karakoram and Hindu Kush. Results of the Kyoto University scientific expedition to the Karakoram and Hindukush, 1955, Vol. VII. Kyoto Univ., 151 p
49. MORRISON G.W. (1980). Characteristics and tectonic setting of the shoshonite rock association. Lithos, 13, 97-108
50. ODIN G.S. (1994). Geological Time scale. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 318, II, 59-71
51. OGASAWARA M., WATANABE Y., KHAN F., KHAN T., KHAN M.S.Z. & KHAN K.S.A. (1994). Late Cretaceous igneous activity and tectonism of the Karakoram block in the Khunjerab valley, northern Pakistan. In RIAZ A. & ARSHAD M.S. (eds.), Geology in South Asia-I. Proceed. First South Asia Geol. Congr., Islamabad 1992, 203-207
52. PEARCE J.A., HARRIS N.B.W. & TINDLE A.G. (1984). Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J. Petrol., 25, 956-983
53. PETTERSON M.G. & WINDLEY B.F. (1985). Rb-Sr dating of the Kohistan arc-batholith in the Trans-Himalaya of north Pakistan, and tectonic implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 74,45-57
54. PITCHER W.S. (1993). The nature and origin of granite. Blackie Acad. & Prof., London, 321 p
55. POITRASSON F., DUTHOU J.L. & PIN C. (1995). The relationship between petrology and Nd isotopes as evidence for contrasting anorogenic granite genesis: example of the Corsican Province (SE France). J. Petrol., 36, 1251-1274
56. PUDSEY C.J. (1986). The Northern Suture, Pakistan: margin of a Cretaceous island arc. Geol. Mag., 123, 405-423
57. ROGERS J.J.W. & GREENBERG J.K. (1990). Late-orogenic, post-orogenic, and anorogenic granites: Distinction by majorelement and trace-element chemistry and possible origins. J. Geol, 98, 291-309
58. SEARLE M.P. (1991). Geology and tectonics of the Karakoram Mountains. Wiley, Chichester, 358 p
59. SPRING L., BUSSY F., VANNAY J.C., HUON S. & COSCA M.A. (1993). Early Permian granitic dykes of alkaline affinity in the Indian High Himalaya of Upper Lahul and SE Zanskar: geochemical characterization and geotectonic implications. In TRELOAR P.J. & SEARLE M.P.(eds.), Himalayan Tectonics. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Pub., 74, 251-264
60. TRELOAR P.J., PETTERSON M.G., JAN M.Q. & BIGNOLD S.M. (1995). A re-evaluation of the stratigraphy and early evolution of the Kohistan arc sequence: implications for magmatic and tectonic arc building processes. 10th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop, Abstr. Volume, Mitt. Geol. Inst. ETH Zurich, 298, 4 p
61. TRELOAR P.J., REX D.C., GUISE P.G., COWARD M.P., SEARLE M.P., WINDLEY B.F., PETTERSON M.G., JAN M.Q. & LUFF I.W. (1989). K-Ar and Ar-Ar geochronology of the Himalayan collision in NW Pakistan: constraints on the timing of suturing, deformation, metamorphism and uplift. Tectonics, 8, 881-909
62. WHALEN J.B., CURRIE K.L. & CHAPPELL B.W. (1987). A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 95, 407-419
63. ZANCHI A. (1993). Structural evolution of the North Karakoram cover, North Pakistan. In TRELOAR P.J. & SEARLE M.P. (eds.), Himalayan Tectonics. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Pub., 74, 21-38
64. ZANCHI A. & GAETANI M. (1994). Introduction to the geological map of the North Karakorum terrain from the Chapursan valley to the Shimshal Pass 1:150,000 scale. Riv. ital. Paleontol. Stratigr., 100, 125-136