Fast variscan anticlockwise p-t-t path in the eastern alps: Evidence from metasedimentary rocks and metamorphic veins of the silvretta thrust sheet

Geodinamica Acta

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 234-254

  Prospekt, C ^a   Biino, G G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FRIBOURG   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Anticlockwise path; Eastern alps; Quartz andalusite vein; Variscan

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846279310     PISSN: 09853111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09853111.1996.11105288     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Aerden D.G.A.M. (1991). Foliation-boudinage control on the formation of the Rosebery Pb-Zn orebody, Tasmania. J. Struct. Geol., 13/7, p. 759-775.
2. Bard J.-P., Burg J.-P., Mattc P. & Ribeiro A. (1980). La chaîne hercynienne d'Europe occidentale en terme de tectonique des plaques. Mém. BRGM Fr.y 108, p. 233-246.
3. Bearth P. (1932). Die DiabasgUnge der Silvretta. Schweiz. Minerai Petrogr Mitt., 12, p. 147-178.
4. Behr H.-J., Engel W., Franke W., Giese P. & Weber K. (1984). The Variscan belt in Central Europe: main structures, geodynamic implications, open questions. Tectonophysics, 109, p. 15-40.
5. Biino G.G., Meisel T.T., Nagler T.F. & Kramers J.D. (1995). Whole rock chemistry and isotope chemistry of metasedi-ments of the Silvretta nappe and the early history of the Alpine basement. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 75/2, p. 293-294.
6. Bollin R. (1993). Geochemie und seltene Erden (SE) der Paragneise (Biotit-und Feldspatknotengneise) der Silvrettadecke (Kanton Graubünden/Schweiz). Schweiz. Mineral. Petrog. Mitt., 73/2. p. 130.
7. Bonin B., Brändlein P., Bussy F., Desmons J., Eggenberger U., Finger F., Graf K., Marro C., Mercollj I., Oberhänsli R., Ploqujn A., Von Quadt A., Von Raumer J.F., Schaltegger U., Steyrer H.P., Visonà D. & Vivier G. (1993). Late Variscan magmatic evolution of the alpine basement. In Von Raumer J.F. & Neubauer F. (Eds.), Pre-Mesozoic geology in the Alps. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, p. 173-201.
8. Brugger J. (1994). Les veines à andalousite du Pischahorn (Grisons, Suisse). Schweiz. Mineral. Petrog. Mitt. 74/2, p. 191-202.
9. BUCHER K. & FREY M. (1994). Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 318 p.
10. BURG J.-P, VAN DEN DRIESSCHE J. & BRUM J.-P. (1994). Syn-to post-thickening extension in the Variscan belt of Western Europe: modes and structural consequences. Géologie de la France, 3, p. 33-51.
11. CARMICHAEL D.M. (1978). Metamorphic bathozones and bathogradcs: a measure of post-metamorphic uplift and erosion on a regional scale. Amer. J. Sci., 278, p. 769-797.
12. CLARKE G.L., GUIRAUD M., POWELL R. & BURG J.-P. (1987). Metamorphism in the Olary Block, South Australia: compression with cooling in a Proterozoic fold belt. J. Metamorphic Geol., 5, p. 291-306.
13. DOUKHAN J.-C., DOUKHAN N., KOCH PS. & CHRISTIE J.M. (1985). Transmission electron microscopy investigations of lattice defects in A12SÎ05 polymorphs and plasticity induced polymorphic transformations. Bull. Minéral 108/1, p. 81-96.
14. EDWARDS C.L., REITER M., SHEARER C. & YOUNG W. (1978). Terrestrial heat flow and crustal radioactivity in northeastern new Mexico and southern Colorado. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 89, p. 1341-1350.
15. FERREIRO MÄHLMANN R. (1995). Das Diagenese-Metamorphose-Muster von Vitrinitreflexion und Illit-"Kristallinität" in Mittelbünden und im Oberhalbstein. Teil 1: Bezüge zur Stockwerktektonik. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt.y 75/1, p. 85-122.
16. FLISCH M. (1987). Teil 1: Geologische, Petrographische und isotopcngeologische Untersuchungen an Gesteinen des Silvrcttakristallins. Teil 2: Die Hebungsgeschichte der oberostalpinen Silvretta-Decke seit der mittleren Kreide. Teil 3: K-Ar Dating of quaternary samples. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, University of Berne, Switzerland, 323 p.
17. FRANKE W. (1989). Variscan plate tectonics in Central Europe-current ideas and open questions. Tectonophysics, 169. p. 221-228.
18. FRAPOLLI G. (1975). Petrografia della regione del passo della Fliiela (Grigioni). Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 55, p. 307-364.
19. FREI R., BIINO G.G. & PROSPERT C. (1995). Dating a Variscan P-T loop with staurolite. Geology, 23/12, p. 1095-1098.
20. FROITZHEIM N., SCHMID S. & CONTI P. (1994). Repeated change from crustal shortening to orogen-parallel extension in the Austroalpinc units of Graubünden. Eclogae geol. Helv., 2, p. 559-612.
21. FUCHS G., KURAT G. & NTAFLOS T. (1986). Ein Peridotit-Vorkommen im Silvretta-Kristallin südlische von GaltUr. Jb. Geol. B.-A., 129, p. 283-290.
22. GAUDEMER Y. & TAPONNIER P. (1987). Ductile and brittle deformations in the northern Snake Range, Nevada. J. Struct. Geol., 912, p. 159-180.
23. GRAF K. (1992). A geodynamic comparison of late Variscan volcanism in the Alpine fold belt and Tertiary to Cenozoic volcanism of the CordiHeran fold belt in the Western United States. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, University of Berne, Switzerland, 83 p.
24. GRAUERT B. (1969). Die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Silvretta-Kristallins aufgrund radiometrischer Altersbestimmungen. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, University of Bern, Switzerland, 166 p.
25. GRAUERT B. (1981). Das alter der Schlingentektonik im Silvretta-Ötztalkristallin aufgrund radiometrischer Altersbestimmungen. Fortschr. Mineral., 59/1, p. 54-56.
26. GREENWOOD H.J. (1989). On models and modeling. Can. Mineral., 27/1, p. 1-14.
27. Heinrichs C. (1993). Sedimentpetrographische Untersuchungen zur Hochdiagenese in der Kössen-Formation (Ober-Trias) der Westlichen Ostalpen und angrenzenden Südalpengebiete. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, University of Bochum, Deutchland, 209 p.
28. Hellermann Furrer B.E. (1990). Geochemistry of diabase dykes of the Silvretta. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 70/1, p. 109-114.
29. Hellermann Furrer B.E. (1992). Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd data from diabase dykes of the Swiss Silvretta basement. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 72/3, p. 315-324.
30. Hirth G. & Tulms J. (1992). Dislocation crcep regimes in quartz aggregates. J. Struct. Geol., 14/2, p. 145-159.
31. Hoernes S. (1971). Petrographische Untersuchungen an Paragneisen des polymetamorphen Silvrettakristallins. Tschermaks Mineral. Petrog. Mitt., 15, p. 56-70.
32. Holdaway M.J. (1971). Stability of andalusite and the aluminum silicate phase diagram. Am er. J. Sci., 271. p. 97-131.
33. Hurford A.J., Flisch, M. & Jaeqor L. (1989). Unravelling the thermo-tectonic evolution of the Alps a contribution from fission track analyses and mica dating. In Coward M.P., Dietrich D. & Park R.G. Eds. Alpine Tectonics. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ N°45, p 369-398.
34. Kerrick D.M. (1988). Al2Si05-bearing segregations in the Lepontine Alps Switzerland: Aluminum mobility in metape-lites. Geology, 16, p. 636-640.
35. Kerrick D.M. (1990). The Al2SiOs polymorphs. Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineral. Soc. Amen, Washington, 22, 406 p.
36. Knipe R.J. & Law R.D. (1987). The influence of crystallography orientation and grain boundary migration on micro-structural and textural evolution in an S-C mylonite. Tectonophysics, 135/1-3, p. 155-169.
37. Koch N. & Masch L. (1992). Formation of Alpine mylonite" and pseudotachylytes at the base of the Silvretta base. Tectonophysics, 204. p. 289-306.
38. Kretz R. (1983). Symbols for rock forming minerals. Amer Mineral., 68, p. 277-279.
39. Lacassin R. (1988). Large-scale foliation boudinage in gneisses. J. Struct. Geol., 10/6, p. 643-647.
40. Lachenbruch A H. (1979). Heat flow in the Basin and Range province and thermal effects of tectonic extension. Pure Applied Geophysics, 117, p. 34-50.
41. Lasaga A.C. (1989). Fluid flow and chemical reaction kinetics in metamorphic systems: a new simple model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 94, p. 417-424.
42. Lasaga A.C. & Ryu D.M. (1993). Fluid flow and chemical reaction kinetics in metamorphic systems. Amer. J. Sci., 293. p. 361-404.
43. Lichtner P.C. & Biino G.G. (1992). A first principles approach to supergene enrichment of porphyry copper protore. I. Cu-Fe-S-H-O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, p. 3987-4013.
44. Liebetrau V. & Nagler N. (1994). Geochronologische und geochemische Diskussion der sogenannten "Flüelagrani-tischen Assoziation" des Silvrettakristalliris (Graubünden /Schweiz). Schweiz-Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 74/2, p. 265-268.
45. Loosveld R.J.H. & Etheridge M.A. (1990). A model for low-pressure facies metamorphism during crustal thickning. J. Metamorphic Geol., 8, p. 257-267.
46. Maggetti M. & Galetti G. (1984). Chemie und geotekto-nische Position von Metabasiten aus dem Südosten der Silvretta (Schweiz). Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 64/3, p. 423-450.
47. Maggetti M., Galetti G. & Stosch H. (1987). Eclogites from the Silvretta nappe (Switzerland): geochemical constraints on the nature and geotectonic setting of their protoliths. Chem. Geol., 64, p. 319-334.
48. Maggetti M. & Galetti G. (1988). Evolution of the Silvretta eclogites: metamorphic and magmatic events. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 68/3, p. 467-484.
49. Maggetti M. & Flisch M. (1993). Evolution of the Silvretta nappe. In Von Raumer J.F. & Neubauer F. (Eds.). Pre-Mesozoic geology of the Alps. Springer Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg, p. 469-484.
50. Matte P (1986). Tectonics and plate tectonics model for the Variscan belt of Europe. Tectonophysics, 126. p. 329-374.
51. MßNOT R.-P., Von Raumer J., Bogdanoff S. & Vivier G. (1994). Variscan basement of the Western Alps: the external crystalline massifs. In Keppie J.D. (Ed.), Pre-Mesozoic geology in France and related areas. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, p. 458-466.
52. Mercolli I. & Oberhänsli R. (1988). Variscan evolution in the Central Alps: a working hypothesis. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 68/3, p. 491-500.
53. Morgan P. (1983). Constraints on rift thermal processes from heat flow and uplift. Tectonophysics, 94, p. 277-298.
54. Nägler T.F., Schäfer H.-J. & Gebauer D. (1995). Evolution of the western European continental crust: implications from Nd and Pb isotopes in Iberian sediments. Chem. Geol., 121, p. 345-357.
55. Neugebauer J. (1988). The Variscan plate tectonic evolution: an improved "lapetus model". Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 68/3, p. 313-333.
56. Neugkbauer J. (1989). The lapetus model: a plate tectonic concept for the Variscan belt of Europe. Tectonophysics, 169. p. 229-256.
57. Nitkiewicz A.M. (1989). The kinetics of the andalusite-silli-manite transformation. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 70, p. 1392.
58. Pin C. (1990). Variscan oceans: ages, origins and geodynamic implications inferred from geochemical and radiometric data. Tectonophysics, 177, p. 215-227.
59. Plait J.P. & Vissers R.L.M. (1980). Extensional structures in anisotropic rocks. J. Struct. Geol., 2/4, p. 397-410.
60. Platt J.P. (1984). Secondary cleavages in ductile shear zones. J. Struct. Geol., 6/4, p. 439-442.
61. Poller U. (1994). Der Monchalpgneis der Silvrettadecke (Grabündcn): Geochemie und Sm-Nd-Modellalter. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 74/2. p. 269-272.
62. Prospert C. & Biino G.G. (1995). Fluid-rock interactions in the polymetamorphic metascdimentary rocks of the Silvretta thrust sheet (Eastern Alps). Bol. Soc. Esp. Min. 18/1, p. 196-197.
63. Quick J.E., Sinigoi S., Negrini L., Demarchi G. & Mayer A. (1992). Synmagmatic deformation in the underplated igneous complex of the Ivrea-Verbano zone. Geology, 20. p. 613-616.
64. Sandiford M. & Powell R. (1986). Deep crustal metamorphism during continental extension: modern and ancient examples. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 79, p. 151-158.
65. Schalteggkr U. & Corfu F. (1995). Late Variscan "Basin and Range" magmatism and tectonics in the Central Alps: evidence from U-Pb geochronology. Geodinamica Acta, 8/2. p. 82-98.
66. Schmid S. & Froitzheim N. (1993). Oblique slip and block rotation along the Engadine line. Eclogae geol. Helv., 86/2. p. 569-593.
67. Spaenhauer F. (1933). Die Andalusit-und Disthen-vorkommen der Silvretta. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 13, p. 323-346.
68. Spear F.S., Hickmott D.D. & Selverstonf, J. (1990). Metamorphic consequences of thrust emplacement, Fall Mountain, New Hampshire. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 102. p. 1344-1360.
69. Spear F. (1993). Metamorphic phase equilibria and Pressure-Temperature-Time paths. Mineral. Soc. Amer, Washington, 1, 799 p.
70. Spiess R. (1987). Tlie early Alpine overprint in the northern "Silvrettakristallin" and the western "Phyllitgneiszone" (Vorarlberg-Tirol, Austria): radiometric evidence. Rend. Soc. It. Miner. Petrol., 42. p. 193-202.
71. Streckeisen A. (1928). Geologie und Petrographie der Flüelagruppe. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 8, p. 87-239.
72. Thöni M. (1981). Degree and evolution of the Alpine metamorphism in the Austroalpine unit W of the Hohe Tauern in the light of K/Ar and Rb/Sr age determinations on micas. Jb. Geol. B. A. 124, p. 111-174.
73. Tollmann A. (1986). Geologie von Österreich. Frank Deuticke, Wein, 3, 718 p.
74. Trümpy R. (1985). Geology of Switzerland. Wepf & Co. Publishers, Basel, 334 p.
75. von der Crone M. (1987). Flcckengesteine der Silvretta: Relikte einer vorvariszischen (panafrikanischen?) Metamorphose. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr Mitt., 69, p. 141-144.
76. von Quadt A., Grünenfelder M. & Büchi H. (1994). U-Pb zircon ages from igneous rocks of the Bernina nappe system. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 74, p. 373-382.
77. von RAUMER J.F. & NEUBAUER F. (1993). Pre-Mesozoic geology in the Alps, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 677 p.
78. VOSHAGE H., HOFMANN A.W., MAZZUCCHELLI M., RIVALENTI G., SINIGOI S., RACZEK I. & DEMARCHI G. (1990). isotopic evidence from the Ivrea Zone for a hybrid lower crust formed by magmatic underplating. Nature, 347, p. 731-736.
79. Weber K. (1984). Variscan events: early Palaezoic continental rift, metamorphism and late Palaeozoic crustal shortening. In Hutton D.H.W. & Sanderson D.J. (Eds.), Variscan tectonics of the North Atlantic region. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, p. 3-22.
80. Wickham S.M. & Oxburch E.R. (1985). Continental rifts as a setting for regional metamorphism. Nature, 318, p. 330-333.
81. YARDLEY B.W.D. (1986). Fluid migration and veining in the Connemara schists, Ireland. In WALTHER J.V. & WOOD B.J. (Eds.), Fluid-Rock interactions during metamorphism. Springer Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg, p. 109-131.
82. Zwart H.J. (1967). The duality of orogenic belts. Geol. Mijnb 46, p. 283-309.