Three-dimensional simulations of reactive gas uptake in single airway bifurcations

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 235-249

  Taylor, Adekemi B ^a   Borhan, Ali ^a   Ultman, James S ^a  

^a The Pennsylvania State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Airway bifurcation; Computational fluid dynamics; Dosimetry modeling; Lower respiratory tract; Mass transport; Ozone

Indexed keywords

BIFURCATION (MATHEMATICS); NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS; REACTION KINETICS;

BRANCHING REGION; DOSE DISTRIBUTION; EXPIRATORY FLOW; WALL SURFACE AREA;

OZONE;

OZONE;

AIR POLLUTANT; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BREATHING MECHANICS; CHEMICAL MODEL; CHEMISTRY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; HUMAN; LUNG; LUNG GAS EXCHANGE; METHODOLOGY; MICROFLUIDICS; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING;

AIR POLLUTANTS; ANIMALS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; HUMANS; IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; LUNG; MICROFLUIDICS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MODELS, CHEMICAL; OZONE; PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE; RESPIRATORY MECHANICS;

EID: 33846278015     PISSN: 00906964     EISSN: 15739686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-006-9195-4     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Bush, M. L., T. Raybold, S.-C. Abeles, S. Hu, A. Ben-Jebria, and J. S. Ultman. Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: simulation with a single-path model. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 140:219-226, 1996.
2. Bush, M. L., W. Zhang, A. Ben-Jebria, and J. S. Ultman. Longitudinal distribution of ozone and chlorine in the human respiratory tract: simulation of nasal and oral breathing with the single-path diffusion model. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 173(3):137-145, 2001.
3. Caro, C. G., R. C. Schroter, N. Watkins, S. J. Sherwin, and V. Sauret. Steady inspiratory flow in planar and non-planar models of human bronchial airways. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 458:791-809, 2002.
4. Castleman, W. L., W. S. Tyler, and D. L. Dungworth. Lesions in respiratory bronchioles and conducting airways of monkeys exposed to ambient levels of ozone. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 26(3):384-400, 1977.
5. Chang, L., F. J. Miller, J. Ultman, Y. Huang, B. L. Stockstill, E. Grose, J. A. Graham, J. J. Ospital, and J. D. Crapo. Alveolar epithelial cell injuries by subchronic exposure to low concentrations of ozone correlate with cumulative exposure. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 109(2): 219-334, 1991.
6. Comer, J. K., C. Kleinstreuer, S. Hyun, and C. S. Kim. Aerosol transport and deposition in sequentially bifurcating airways. J. Biomech. Eng. 122(2):152-158, 2000.
7. Farag, A., J. Hammersley, D. Olson, and T. Ng. Mechanics of the flow in the small and middle human airways. J. Fluid Eng. 122(3):576-584, 2000.
8. Fresconi, F. E., A. S. Wexler, and A. K. Prasad. Expiration flow in a symmetric bifurcation. Exp. Fluids 35(5):493-501, 2003.
9. Geankoplis, C. J. TransportProcesses and Unit Operations. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1993, pp. 866.
10. Goddard, J. B., and A. Acrivos. Asymptotic expansions for laminar forced-convection heat and mass transfer. Part II. Boundary layer flows. J. Fluid Mech. 24:339-366, 1966.
11. Grotberg, J. B. Gas absorption in pulmonary airways at low Peclet number. J. Biomech. Eng. 112(2):177-182, 1990.
12. Grotberg, J. B., B. V. Sheth, and L. F. Mockros. An analysis of pollutant gas transport and absorption in pulmonary airways. J. Biomech. Eng. 112(2):168-176, 1990.
13. Horsfield, K. and G. Cumming. Morphology of the bronchial tree in man. J. Appl. Physiol. 24(3):373-383, 1968.
14. Horsfield, K., G. Dart, D. E. Olson, G. F. Filley, and G. Cumming. Models of the human bronchial tree. J. Appl. Physiol. 31(2):207-217, 1971.
15. 3 uptake distribution in the human airways by orthogonal collocation on finite elements. Comput. Biomed. Res. 25(3):264-278, 1992.
16. Hu, S. C., A. Ben-Jebria, and J. S. Ultman. Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: effects of respiratory flow. J. Appl. Physiol. 77(2):574-583, 1994.
17. Hubal, E. A., J. S. Kimbell, and P. S. Fedkiw. Incorporation of nasal-lining mass-transfer resistance into a CFD model for prediction of ozone dosimetry in the upper respiratory tract. Inhal. Toxicol. 8:831-857, 1996.
18. Joad, J. P., J. M. Bric, A. J. Weir, L. Putney, D. M. Hyde, E. M. Postlethwait, and C. G. Plopper. Effect of respiratory pattern on ozone injury to the airways of isolated rat lungs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 169(1):26-32, 2000.
19. Kepler, G. M., R. B. Richardson, K. T. Morgan, and J. S. Kimbell. Computer simulation of inspiratory nasal airflow and inhaled gas uptake in a rhesus monkey. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 150(1):1-11, 1998.
20. Kimbell, J. S., E. A. Gross, D. R. Joyner, M. N. Godo, and K. T. Morgan. Application of computational fluid dynamics to regional dosimetry of inhaled chemicals in the upper respiratory tract of the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 121(2):253-263, 1993.
21. Lieber, B. B. and Y. Zhao. Oscillatory flow in a symmetric bifurcation airway model. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 26(5):821-830, 1998.
22. Lui, Y., R. M. So, and C. H. Zhang. Modeling the bifurcating flow in a human lung airway. J. Biomech. 35(4):465-473, 2002.
23. Mahinpey, N., R. Leask, M. Ojha, K. W. Johnston, and O. Trass. Experimental study on local mass transfer in a simplified bifurcation model: potential role in atherosclerosis. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 32(11):1504-1518, 2004.
24. Martonen, T. B., X. Guan, and R. M. Schreck. Fluid dynamics in airway bifurcations: I. Primary flows. Inhal. Toxicol. 13(4):261-279, 2001.
25. Martonen, T. B., X. Guan, and R. M. Schreck. Fluid dynamics in airway bifurcations: II. Secondary currents. Inhal. Toxicol. 13(4):281-289, 2001.
26. Martonen, T. B., X. Guan, and R. M. Schreck. Fluid dynamics in airway bifurcations: III. Localized flow conditions. Inhal. Toxicol. 13(4):291-305, 2001.
27. Menon, A. S., M. E. Weber, and H. K. Chang. Effect of the larynx on oscillatory flow in the central airways: a model study. J. Appl. Physiol. 59(1):160-169, 1985.
28. Miller, F. J., D. B. Menzel, and D. L. Coffin. Similarity between man and laboratory animals in regional pulmonary deposition of ozone. Environ. Res. 17(1):84-101, 1978.
29. Miller, F. J., J. H. Overton Jr., R. H. Jaskot, and D. B. Menzel. A model of the regional uptake of gaseous pollutants in the lung: I. The sensitivity of the uptake of ozone in the human lung to lower respiratory tract secretions and exercise. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 79(1):11-27, 1985.
30. Nowak, N., P. P. Kakade, and A. V. Annapragada. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of airflow and aerosol deposition in human lungs. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 31(4):374-390, 2003.
31. Overton, J. H. and R. C. Graham. Simulation of the uptake of a reactive gas in a rat respiratory tract model with an asymmetric tracheobronchial region patterned on complete conducting airway cast data. Comput. Biomed. Res. 28(3): 171-190, 1995.
32. Overton, J. H., R. C. Graham, and F. J. Miller. A model of the regional uptake of gaseous pollutants in the lung: II. The sensitivity of ozone uptake in laboratory animal lungs to anatomical and ventilatory parameters. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 88(3):418-432, 1987.
33. Patankar, S. V.. A calculation procedure for two-dimensional elliptic situations. Numer. Heat Transfer 4:409-425, 1981.
34. Phalen, R. F., M. J. Oldham, C. B. Beaucage, T. T. Crocker, and J. D. Mortensen. Postnatal enlargement of human tracheobronchial airways and implications for particle deposition. Anat. Rec. 212(4):368-380, 1985.
35. Postlethwait, E. M., J. P. Joad, D. M. Hyde, E. S. Schelegle, J. M. Bric, A. J. Weir, L. F. Putney, V. J. Wong, L. W. Velsor, and C. G. Plopper. Three-dimensional mapping of ozone-induced acute cytotoxicity in tracheobronchial airways of isolated perfused rat lung. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 22(2):191-199, 2000.
36. Postlethwait, E. M., S. D. Langford, and A. Bidani. Determinants of inhaled ozone absorption in isolated rat lungs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 125(1):77-89, 1994.
37. Weibel, E. R. Morphometry of the Human Lung. Academic Press Inc., New York, 1963, pp. 139.
38. Zhang, Z., C. Kleinstreuer, and C. S. Kim. Effects of asymmetric branch flow rates on aerosol deposition in bifurcating airways. J. Med. Eng. Technol. 24(5):192-202, 2000.
39. Zhang, C. H., Y. Liu, R. M. C. So, and N. Phan-Thien. The influence of inlet velocity profile on three-dimensional three-generation bifurcating flows. Comput. Mech. 29(4-5): 422-429, 2002.