Maximum-likelihood variance components analysis of heritabilities of cranial nonmetric traits

Human Biology

Volumn 78, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 383-402

  Carson, E Ann ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

Author keywords

Austria; Cranial nonmetric traits; Heritability; Maximum likelihood; Pedigree analysis; Variance components analysis

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANALYTICAL ERROR; ARTICLE; AUSTRIA; BIOLOGICAL TRAIT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVOLUTION; FEMALE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC MODEL; GENETIC TRAIT; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HEREDITY; HUMAN; HUMAN GENETICS; HUMAN TISSUE; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MALE; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHOD; MORPHOLOGICAL TRAIT; NONMETRIC TRAIT; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; POPULATION GENETICS; POPULATION RESEARCH; SKULL; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS;

EID: 33846259310     PISSN: 00187143     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/hub.2006.0054     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Almasy, L., and J. Blangero. 1998. Multipoint quantitative trait linkage analysis in general pedigrees. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1198-1211.
2. Amos, C. I. 1994. Robust variance-components approach for assessing genetic linkage in pedigrees. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 54:535-543.
3. Bailey, J. N., and L. Almasy. 1995. A brute force dichotomization approach to quantitative trait linkage analysis. Genet. Epidemiol. 12:719-722.
4. Berry, A. C. 1975. Factors affecting the incidence of nonmetrical skeletal variants. J. Anat. 120:519-535.
5. Berry, A. C., and R. J. Berry. 1967. Epigenetic variation in the human cranium. J. Anat. 101:361-379.
6. Brasili, P., L. Zaccagni, and E. Gualdi-Russo. 1999. Scoring of nonmetric cranial traits: A population study. J. Anat. 195:551-562.
7. Buikstra, J. E., and D. H. Ubelaker. 1994. Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No. 44. Fayetteville: Arkansas Archeological Survey.
8. Byron, C. D., J. Borke, J. Yu et al. 2004. Effects of increased muscle mass on mouse sagittal suture morphology and mechanics. Anat. Rec. 279A:676-684.
9. Carson, E. A. 2006. Maximum likelihood estimation of human craniometric heritabilities. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 131:169-180.
10. Cheverud, J. M., and J. E. Buikstra. 1981. Quantitative genetics of skeletal nonmetrics in the Rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. I. Single trait heritabilities. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 54:43-49.
11. Cheverud, J. M., J. E. Buikstra, and E. Twitchell. 1979. Relationships between nonmetric skeletal traits and cranial size and shape. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 50:191-198.
12. Corruccini, R. S. 1974. An examination of the meaning of cranial discrete traits for human skeletal biological studies. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 40:425-446.
13. Corruccini, R. S. 1976. The interaction between nonmetric and metric cranial variation. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 44:285-294.
14. Cosseddu, G. G., F. Floris, and G. Vona. 1979. Sex and side differences in the minor nonmetrical cranial variants. J. Hum. Evol. 8:685-692.
15. Dahinten, S. L., and H. M. Pucciarelli. 1983. Effects of protein-calorie malnutrition during suckling and post-weaning periods on discontinuous cranial traits in rats. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 60:425-430.
16. Deol, M. S., H. Grüneberg, A. G. Searle et al. 1957. Genetic differentiation involving morphological characteristics in an inbred strain of mice. I. A British branch of the C57BL strain. J. Morphol. 100:345-375.
17. Duggirala, R., J. T. Williams, S. Williams-Blangero et al. 1997. A variance component approach to dichotomous trait linkage analysis using a threshold model. Genet. Epidemiol. 14:987-992.
18. Falconer, D. S. 1965. The inheritance of liability to certain disease, estimated from the incidence among relatives. Ann. Hum. Genet. 29:51-76.
19. Falconer, D. S. 1967. The inheritance of liability to diseases with variable age of onset, with particular reference to diabetes mellitus. Ann. Hum. Genet. 31:1-20.
20. Fraser, F. C. 1976. The multifactorial/threshold concept: Uses and misuses. Teratology 14:267-280.
21. Fraser, C. F. 1998. Some underlooked properties of the multifactorial/threshold model. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1261-1265.
22. Green, R. F., and J. M. Suchey. 1976. The use of inverse sine transformations in the analysis of nonmetric cranial data. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 45:61-68.
23. Grüneberg, H. 1952. Genetical studies on the skeleton of the mouse. IV. Quasi-continuous variation. J. Genet. 51:95-114.
24. Gualdi-Russo, E., M. A. Tasca, and P. Brasili. 1999. Scoring of nonmetric cranial traits: A methodological approach. J. Anat. 195:543-550.
25. Hallgrímsson, B., B. Ó. Donnabháin, D. E. Blom et al. 2005. Why are rare traits unilaterally expressed? Trait frequency and unilateral expression for cranial nonmetric traits in humans. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 127:14-25.
26. Hallgrímsson, B., B. Ó. Donnabháin, G. B. Wlaters et al. 2004. Composition of the founding population of Iceland: Biological distance and morphological variation in early historic Atlantic Europe. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 124:257-274.
27. Hauser, G., and G. F. De Stefano. 1989. Epigenetic Variant of the Human Skull. Stuttgart, Germany: Schweizerbart.
28. Heinrich, W., and M. Teschler-Nicola. 1991. Zur anthropologie des Gräberfeldes F von Gemeinlebarn, Niederösterreich. In Die Nekropole F von Gemeinlebarn, Niederösterreich: Römisch-Germanische Forshungen, Band 49, J. W. Neugebauer, ed. Mainz am Rhein, Germany: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 222-262.
29. Kaul, S., V. Anand, and R. S. Corruccini. 1979. Nonmetric variation of the skull in samples of four Indian populations. J. Hum. Evol. 8:693-697.
30. Konigsberg, L. W., L. A. P. Kohn, and J. M. Cheverud. 1993. Cranial deformation and nonmetric trait variation. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 90:35-48.
31. Korey, K. A. 1980. The incidence of bilateral nonmetric skeletal traits: A reanalysis of sampling procedures. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 53:19-23.
32. Lane, R. A. 1977. The Allegany Seneca: A Test of the Genetic Reliability of Nonmetric Osteological Traits for Intrapopulation Analysis. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.
33. Lane, R. A., and A. J. Sublett. 1972. Osteology of social organization: Residence pattern. Am. Antiq. 37:186-201.
34. Leamy, L. 1974. Heritability of osteometric traits in a random-bred population of mice. J. Hered. 65:109-120.
35. McGrath, J. W., J. M. Cheverud, and J. E. Buikstra. 1984. Genetic correlations between sides and heritability of asymmetry for nonmetric traits in rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 64:401-411.
36. Milne, N., L. H. Schmitt, and L. Freedman. 1983. Discrete trait variation in western Australian aboriginal skulls. J. Hum. Evol. 12:157-168.
37. Ossenberg, N. S. 1970. The influence of artificial cranial deformation on discontinuous morphological traits. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 33:357-372.
38. Ossenberg, N. S. 1976. Within and between race distances in population studies based on discrete traits of the human skull. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 45:701-716.
39. Ossenberg, N. S. 1981. An argument for the use of total side frequencies of bilateral nonmetric skeletal traits in population distance analysis: The regression of symmetry on incidence. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 54:471-479.
40. Pathak, R. K., and S. S. Kaul. 1991. Nonmetric cranial variation and biological distances between samples of six nontribal populations of India. Int. J. Anthropol. 6:81-87.
41. Perizonius, W. R. K. 1979. Nonmetric cranial traits: Sex difference and age dependence. J. Hum. Evol. 8:679-684.
42. Prowse, T. L., and N. C. Lovell. 1996. Concordance of cranial and dental morphological traits and evidence for endogamy in ancient Egypt. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 101:237-246.
43. Richtsmeier, J. T., J. M. Cheverud, and J. E. Buikstra. 1984. The relationship between cranial metric and nonmetric traits in the rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 64:213-222.
44. Roff, D. A. 1996. The evolution of threshold traits in animals. Q. Rev. Biol. 71:3-35.
45. SAS Institute Inc. 2001. The SAS System for Windows, release 8.02. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
46. Saunders, S. R., and F. Popovich. 1978. A family study of two skeletal variants: Atlas bridging and clinoid bridging. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 49:193-204.
47. Self, G. S., and L. Leamy. 1978. Heritability of quasi-continuous skeletal traits in a random-bred population of house mice. Genetics 20:109-120.
48. Shaw, R. G. 1987. Maximum-likelihood approaches applied to quantitative genetics of natural populations. Evolution 41:812-826.
49. Šidák, Z. 1967. Rectangular confidence regions for the means of multivariate normal distributions. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 62:626-633.
50. Sjøvold, T. 1976-1977. A method for familial studies based on minor skeletal variants. Ossa 3/4:97-107.
51. Sjøvold, T. 1977. Nonmetrical divergence between skeletal populations: The theoretical foundation and biological importance of C. A. B. Smith's mean measure of divergence. Ossa 4(suppl. 1):1-133.
52. Sjøvold, T. 1984. A report on the heritability of some cranial measurements and nonmetric traits. In Multivariate Statistical Methods in Physical Anthropology, G. N. van Vark and W. W. Howells, eds. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel, 223-246.
53. Sjøvold, T. 1986. Infrapopulation distances and genetics of nonmetrical traits. In Innovative Trends in der Prähistorischen Anthropologie: Mitteilungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte, Band 7, B. Hansel and B. Hermann, eds. Berlin: Verlag Marie Leidorf, 81-93.
54. Torgersen, J. 1951. The developmental genetics and evolutionary meaning of the metopic suture. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 9:193-210.
55. Trinkaus, E. 1978. Bilateral asymmetry of human skeletal nonmetric traits. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 49:315-318.
56. Velemínský, P., and M. Dobisíková. 2005. Morphological likeness of the skeletal remains in a Central European family from 17th to 19th century. J. Comp. Hum. Biol. 56:173-196.
57. Vitzthum, V. J. 2003. A number no greater than the sum of its parts: The use and abuse of heritability. Hum. Biol. 75:539-558.