Endozoochorous dispersal, seedling emergence and fruiting success in disturbed and undisturbed successional stages of sheep-grazed inland sand ecosystems

Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

Volumn 202, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 3-26

  Eichberg, Carsten ^a   Storm, Christian ^a   Schwabe, Angelika ^a  

^a DARMSTADT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Common garden experiment; Generative reproduction; Graminoid competitors; Seedling recruitment; Sheep generated gaps; Stress tolerant ruderals: S R

Indexed keywords

FRUITING; GRAZING; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; SHEEP; VASCULAR PLANT; ZOOCHORY;

BROMUS; BROMUS TECTORUM; CAREX HIRTA; CORYNEPHORUS CANESCENS; EROPHILA VERNA; MEDICAGO; MEDICAGO MINIMA; OVIS ARIES; PHLEUM ARENARIUM; PHLEUM PRATENSE; SAXIFRAGA TRIDACTYLITES; SILENE; SILENE CONICA; TRACHEOPHYTA; VICIA LATHYROIDES; VULPIA MYUROS;

EID: 33846236287     PISSN: 03672530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2006.01.004     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Andresen E. Seed dispersal by monkeys and the fate of dispersed seeds in a Peruvian rain forest. Biotropica 31 (1999) 145-158
2. Auman B.S., Call C.A., and Wiedmeier R.D. Crested wheatgrass establishment in livestock dung deposited on degraded rangeland vegetation types in the Intermountain West, USA. Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. 12 (1998) 317-333
3. Bakker E.S. Herbivores as mediators of their environment: the impact of large and small species on vegetation dynamics. Ph.D. Thesis (2003), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
4. Bakker E.S., and Olff H. Impact of different-sized herbivores on recruitment opportunities for subordinate herbs in grasslands. J. Veg. Sci. 14 (2003) 465-474
5. Beniston M. The 2003 heat wave in Europe: a shape of things to come? An analysis based on Swiss climatological data and model simulations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) L02202
6. Bergmann S. Zum Nährstoffhaushalt in Sandökosystemen der nördlichen Oberrheinebene: Sukzession, Ruderalsierungsprozesse und Effekte von Schafbeweidung. Ph.D. Thesis (2004), Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany
7. Brenner S., Pfeffer E., and Schumacher W. Extensive Schafbeweidung von Magerrasen im Hinblick auf Nährstoffentzug und Futterselektion. Nat. u. Landschaft 79 (2004) 167-174
8. Bruun H.H., and Fritzbøger B. The past impact of livestock husbandry on dispersal of plant seeds in the landscape of Denmark. Ambio 31 (2002) 425-431
9. Bullock J.M. Gaps and seedling colonization. In: Fenner M. (Ed). Seeds - The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. second ed (2000), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, New York 375-395
10. Bullock J.M., Clear Hill B., Dale M.P., and Silvertown J. An experimental study of the effects of sheep grazing on vegetation change in a species-poor grassland and the role of seedling recruitment into gaps. J. Appl. Ecol. 31 (1994) 493-507
11. Cook C. The transmission of serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) seeds through the sheep rumen and their viability after ingestion. Plant Prot. Q. 13 (1998) 93
12. Cosyns E., and Hoffmann M. Horse dung germinable seed content in relation to plant species abundance, diet composition and seed characteristics. Basic Appl. Ecol. 6 (2005) 11-24
13. Csapody V. Keimlingsbestimmungsbuch der Dikotyledonen (1968), Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest
14. Deutscher Wetterdienst, 2005. http://www.dwd.de/de/FundE/Klima/KLIS/daten/online/nat/ausgabe_tageswerte.htm.
15. Eichberg C. Diaspore processes in sand ecosystems grazed by sheep: soil seed banks, endo- and epizoochory. Verh. Ges. Ökol. 34 (2004) 245
16. Eichberg C., Storm C., and Schwabe A. Epizoochorous and post-dispersal processes in a rare plant species: Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Rchb. (Asteraceae). Flora 200 (2005) 477-489
17. Eichberg C., Storm C., Kratochwil A., and Schwabe A. A differentiating method for seed bank analysis: validation and application to successional stages of Koelerio-Corynephoretea inland sand vegetation. Phytocoenologia 36 (2006) 161-189
18. Estrada A., and Coates-Estrada R. Howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) and seed dispersal: ecological interactions in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. J. Trop. Ecol. 7 (1991) 459-474
19. Fischer S.F., Poschlod P., and Beinlich B. Die Bedeutung der Wanderschäferei für den Artenaustausch zwischen isolierten Schaftriften. Beih. Veröff. Naturschutz Landschaftspflege Bad.-Württ. 83 (1995) 229-256
20. Floate M.J.S. Decomposition of organic materials from hill soils and pastures. IV. The effects of moisture content on the mineralization of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from plant materials and sheep faeces. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2 (1970) 275-283
21. Fredrickson E.L., Estell R.E., Havstad K.M., Ksiksi T., Van Tol J., and Remmenga M.D. Effects of ruminant digestion on germination of Lehmann love-grass seed. J. Range Manage. 50 (1997) 20-26
22. Garrido J.L., Rey P.J., and Herrera C.M. Pre- and post-germination determinants of spatial variation in recruitment in the perennial herb Helleborus foetidus L. (Ranunculaceae). J. Ecol. 93 (2005) 60-66
23. Ghassali F., Osman A.E., and Cocks P.S. Rehabilitation of degraded grasslands in North Syria: the use of Awassi sheep to disperse the seeds of annual pasture legumes. Exp. Agric. 34 (1998) 391-405
24. Grime J.P. Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. Am. Nat. 111 (1977) 1169-1194
25. Grime J.P. Plant strategies and vegetation processes (1979), Wiley, Chichester, New York, Brisbane, Toronto
26. Grubb P.J. The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biol. Rev. 52 (1977) 107-145
27. Hanf M. Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. third ed (1990), BLV, München
28. Heady H.F. Viable seeds recovered from fecal pellets of sheep and deer. J. Range Manage. 7 (1954) 259-261
29. Howe F.H., and Smallwood J. Ecology of seed dispersal. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13 (1982) 201-228
30. Jakobsson A., and Eriksson O. A comparative study of seed number, seed size, seedling size and recruitment in grassland plants. Oikos 88 (2000) 494-502
31. Jentsch A. Disturbance driven vegetation dynamics. Diss. Bot. 384 (2004) 1-218
32. Jentsch A., Friedrich S., Beyschlag W., and Nezadal W. Significance of ant and rabbit disturbances for seedling establishment in dry acidic grasslands dominated by Corynephorus canescens. Phytocoenologia 32 (2002) 553-580
33. Jordano P., and Herrera C.M. Shuffling the offspring: uncoupling and spatial discordance of multiple stages in vertebrate seed dispersal. Écoscience 2 (1995) 230-237
34. Kalamees R., and Zobel M. The role of the seed bank in gap regeneration in a calcareous grassland community. Ecology 83 (2002) 1017-1025
35. Keizer P.J., Van Tooren B.F., and During H.J. Effects of bryophytes on seedling emergence and establishment of short-lived forbs in chalk grassland. J. Ecol. 73 (1985) 493-504
36. Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W., 2005. BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Bonn.
37. Kollmann J., and Schill H.-P. Spatial patterns of dispersal, seed predation and germination during colonization of abandoned grassland by Quercus petraea and Corylus avellana. Vegetatio 125 (1996) 193-205
38. Kooijman A.M., and van der Meulen F. Grazing as a control against 'grass-encroachment' in dry dune grasslands in the Netherlands. Landscape Urban Plan. 34 (1996) 323-333
39. Koperski M., Sauer M., Braun W., and Gradstein S.R. Referenzliste der Moose Deutschlands. Schriftenr. f. Veget. kde. 34 (2000) 1-519
40. Korneck D., Schnittler M., and Vollmer I. Rote Liste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen (Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta) Deutschlands. Schr.-R. f. Vegetationskde. 28 (1996) 21-187
41. Lehrer W.P., and Tisdale E.W. Effect of sheep and rabbit digestion on the viability of some range plant seeds. J. Range Manage. 9 (1956) 118-122
42. Licht W. Zur Bewurzelung dikotyler Sandpflanzen. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 90 (1977) 149-166
43. Littell R.C., Henry P.R., and Ammermann C.B. Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (1998) 1216-1231
44. Littell R.C., Miliken G.A., Stroup W.W., and Wolfinger R.D. SAS System for Mixed Models (2000), SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC
45. Malo J.E., and Suárez F. Herbivorous mammals as seed dispersers in a Mediterranean dehesa. Oecologia 104 (1995) 246-255
46. Malo J.E., and Suárez F. Establishment of pasture species on cattle dung: the role of endozoochorous seeds. J. Veg. Sci. 6 (1995) 169-174
47. Maun M.A. Adaptations enhancing survival and establishment of seedlings on coastal dune systems. Vegetatio 111 (1994) 59-70
48. Matus G., Papp M., and Tóthmérész B. Impact of management on vegetation dynamics and seed bank formation of inland dune grassland in Hungary. Flora 200 (2005) 296-306
49. Mitlacher K., Poschlod P., Rosén E., and Bakker J.P. Restoration of wooded meadows - a comparative analysis along a chronosequence on Öland (Sweden). Appl. Veg. Sci. 5 (2002) 63-73
50. Mouissie A.M. Seed dispersal by large herbivores - implications for the restoration of plant biodiversity. Ph.D. Thesis (2004), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
51. Muller F.M. Seedlings of the north-western European lowland (1978), Junk Publishers, The Hague
52. Nathan R., and Muller-Landau H.C. Spatial patterns of seed dispersal, their determinants and consequences for recruitment. TREE 15 (2000) 278-285
53. Olson B.E., Wallander R.T., and Kott R.W. Recovery of leafy spurge seed from sheep. J. Range Manage. 50 (1997) 10-15
54. Pakeman R.J., and Small J.L. The role of the seed bank, seed rain and the timing of disturbance in gap regeneration. J. Veg. Sci. 16 (2005) 121-130
55. Pakeman R.J., Attwood J.P., and Engelen J. Sources of plants colonizing experimentally disturbed patches in an acidic grassland, in eastern England. J. Ecol. 86 (1998) 1032-1041
56. Pakeman R.J., Digneffe G., and Small J.L. Ecological correlates of endozoochory by herbivores. Funct. Ecol. 16 (2002) 296-304
57. Piggin C.M. Dispersal of Echium plantagineum L. by sheep. Weed Res. 18 (1978) 155-160
58. Poschlod P., Kiefer S., Tränkle U., Fischer S., and Bonn S. Plant species richness in calcareous grasslands as affected by dispersability in space and time. Appl. Veg. Sci. 1 (1998) 75-90
59. Ratcliffe D. Adaptation to habitat in a group of annual plants. J. Ecol. 49 (1961) 187-203
60. Razanamandranto S., Tigabu M., Neya S., and Odén P.C. Effects of gut treatment on recovery and germinability of bovine and ovine ingested seeds of four woody species from the Sudanian savanna in West Africa. Flora 199 (2004) 389-397
61. Ridley H.N. The dispersal of plants throughout the world (1930), L. Reeve and Co., Ashford
62. Rodríguez-Pérez J., Riera N., and Traveset A. Effect of seed passage through birds and lizards on emergence rate of mediterranean species: differences between natural and controlled conditions. Funct. Ecol. 19 (2005) 699-706
63. Rowarth J.S., Gillingham A.G., Tillman R.W., and Syers J.K. Release of phosphorus from sheep faeces on grazed, hill country pastures. New Zeal. J. Agric. Res. 28 (1985) 497-504
64. Russi L., Cocks P.S., and Roberts E.H. The fate of legume seeds eaten by sheep from a Mediterranean grasssland. J. Appl. Ecol. 29 (1992) 772-778
65. Sakadevan K., Mackay A.D., and Hedley M.J. Influence of sheep excreta on pasture uptake and leaching losses of sulfur, nitrogen and potassium from grazed pastures. Aust. J. Soil. Res. 31 (1993) 151-162
66. Sánchez A.M., and Peco B. Dispersal mechanisms in Lavandula stoechas subsp. pedunculata: autochory and endozoochory by sheep. Seed Sci. Res. 12 (2002) 101-111
67. Schär C., Vidale P.L., Lüthi D., Frei C., Häberli C., Liniger M.A., and Appenzeller C. The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves. Nature 427 (2004) 332-336
68. Schwabe, A., Kratochwil, A., (Eds.), 2004. Beweidung und Restitution als Chancen für den Naturschutz? NNA-Berichte 17 (1), 1-237. Norddeutsche Naturschutzakademie Schneverdingen.
69. Schwabe, A., Zehm, A., Nobis, M., Storm, C., Süss, K., 2004a. Auswirkungen von Schaf-Erstbeweidung auf die Vegetation primär basenreicher Sand-Ökosysteme. In: Schwabe, A., Kratochwil, A. (Eds.), Beweidung und Restitution als Chancen für den Naturschutz? NNA-Berichte 17(1), 39-53. Norddeutsche Naturschutzakademie Schneverdingen.
70. Schwabe, A., Zehm, A., Eichberg, C., Stroh, M., Storm, C., Kratochwil, A., 2004b. Extensive Beweidungssysteme als Mittel zur Erhaltung und Restitution von Sandökosystemen und ihre naturschutzfachliche Bedeutung. In: Finck, P., Härdtle, W., Redecker, B., Riecken, U. (Eds.), Weidelandschaften und Wildnisgebiete: Vom Experiment zur Praxis. Schriftenr. Landschaftspfl. Natursch. 78, 63-92.
71. Simao Neto M., Jones R.M., and Ratcliff D. Recovery of pasture seed ingested by ruminants. 1. Seed of six tropical pasture species fed to cattle, sheep and goats. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 27 (1987) 239-246
72. Ssymank A., Hauke K., Rückriem C., and Schröder E. Das europäische Schutzgebietssystem NATURA 2000 - Handbuch zur Umsetzung der Fauna Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie und der Vogelschutz-Richtlinie. Schriftenr. Landschaftspfl. Natursch. 53 (1998) 1-560
73. Symonides E. On the ecology and evolution of annual plants in disturbed environments. Vegetatio 77 (1988) 21-31
74. Süss K., Storm C., Zehm A., and Schwabe A. Succession in inland sand ecosystems: which factors determine the occurrence of the tall grass species Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth and Stipa capillata L.?. Plant Biol. 6 (2004) 465-476
75. Wallander R.T., Olson B.E., and Lacey J.R. Spotted knapweed seed viability after passing through sheep and mule deer. J. Range Manage. 48 (1995) 145-149
76. Welch D. Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in North-East Scotland. IV. Seed dispersal and plant establishment in dung. J. Appl. Ecol. 22 (1985) 461-472
77. Wenny D.G. Advantages of seed dispersal: a re-evaluation of directed dispersal. Evol. Ecol. Res. 3 (2001) 51-74
78. Williams P.H., and Haynes R.J. Effect of sheep, deer and cattle dung on herbage production and soil nutrient content. Grass Forage Sci. 50 (1995) 263-271
79. Wisskirchen R., and Haeupler H. Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands (1998), Ulmer, Stuttgart
80. Young J.A., and Evans R.A. Demography of Bromus tectorum in Artemisia communities. In: White J. (Ed). The Population Structure of Vegetation. Handbook of Vegetation Science 3 (1985), Junk Publishers, Dordrecht 489-502
81. Zehm, A., Süss, K., Eichberg, C., Häfele, S., 2004. Effekte der Beweidung mit Schafen, Eseln und Wollschweinen auf die Vegetation von Sand-Ökosystemen. In: Schwabe, A., Kratochwil, A. (Eds.), Beweidung und Restitution als Chancen für den Naturschutz? NNA-Berichte 17(1), 111-125. Norddeutsche Naturschutzakademie Schneverdingen.