Editori am the fighter until the last moment: The relation of race/ethnicity and education to self-reported coping strategies among older adults with visual impairment

Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 3-28

  Lee, Eun Kyyoung Othelia ^a   Brennan, Mark ^b  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Lighthouse International   (United States)

Author keywords

Adaptation; Chronic illness; Coping; Education; Older adults; Race; Visual impairment

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846148788     PISSN: 1536710X     EISSN: 15367118     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J198v02n04_02     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Administration on Aging. (2001). Profile of older Americans: 2001. Retrieved in July, 2002, from World Wide Web: .
2. Bauman, M. D. (1966). Adjustment to blindness. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publishing.
3. Black, H. K. (1999). Poverty and prayer: Spiritual narratives of elderly African-American women. Review of Religious Research 40 (4), 359-374.
4. Bound, J., Schoenbaum, M, & Waidman, T. (1995). Race and education differences in disability status and labor force attainment in the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of Human Resources, 30 (1), 5227-5267.
5. Branch, L. G., Horowitz, A., & Carr, C. (1989). The implications for everyday life of incident reported visual decline among people over age 65 living in the community. The Gerontologist, 29, 359-365.
6. Brandtstadter, J., & Renner, G. (1990). Tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment: Explication and age-related analysis of assimilative and accommodative strategies of coping. Psychology and Aging, 5, 58-67.
7. Brennan, M., & Cardinali, G. (2000a). The use of pre-existing and novel coping strategies in adapting to age-related vision loss. The Gerontologist, 40 (3) 327-334.
8. Brennan, M., & Cardinali, G. (2000b). Religiousness and spirituality in adaptation to vision impairment among middle-age and older adults. In C. Stuen (Ed.), Vision rehabilitation: Assessment, intervention and outcomes (pp. 645-649). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers.
9. Brennan, M., Horowitz, A., Reinhardt, J. P., Cimarolli, V., Benn, D. T., & Leonard, R. (2001). In their own words: Strategies developed by visually impaired elders to cope with vision loss. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 35 (1), 63-85.
10. Burnette, D. (1998). Conceptual and methodological considerations in research with non-white ethnic elders. Journal of Social Service Research 23 (3), 71-91.
11. Cantor, M. H., & Brennan, M. (1993). Family and community support systems of older New Yorkers. Growing older in New York City in the 1990s: A study of changing lifestyles, quality of life, and quality of care, Vol. 5. New York: New York Center for Policy on Aging, New York Community Trust.
12. Cantor, M. H., & Brennan, M. (2000). Social care of the elderly: The effects of ethnicity, class and culture. New York: Springer.
13. Clark, D. O., & Maddox, G. L. (1992). Racial and social correlates of age-related changes in functioning. Journal of Gerontology, 47 (5), 5222-5232.
14. Evans, R. L. (1983). Loneliness, depression, and social activity after determination of legal blindness. Psychological Reports, 52, 603-608.
15. Fitzgerald, R. G. (1970). Reactions to blindness: An exploratory study of adults with recent loss of sight. Archives of General Psychiatry, 22, 370-379.
16. Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988). Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden.
17. Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.
18. Horowitz, A. H., & Reinhardt, J. P. (1992). Assessing adaptation to age-related vision loss. New York: The Lighthouse Research Institute.
19. Horowitz, A., & Reinhardt, J.P. (1998). Psychosocial adaptation to vision impairment among the elderly: Development of the Adaptation to Age-Related Vision Loss Scale. Journal of Vision Impairment and Blindness, 92, 30-41.
20. Horowitz, A., & Reinhardt, J. P. (2000). Mental health issues in vision impairment. In B. Silverstone, M. A. Lang, B. Rosenthal, & E. Faye (Eds.), The Lighthouse handbook on vision impairment and rehabilitation, Vol. 2, (pp.1089-1109). New York: Oxford University Press.
21. Horowitz, A. H., Reinhardt, J. P., Brennan, M., & Cantor, M. H. (1997). Aging and vision loss: Experiences, attitudes and knowledge of older Americans. Final report submitted to the AARP/Andrus Foundation. New York: The Lighthouse Inc.
22. Horowitz, A. H., Reinhardt, J. P., McInerney, R., & Balistreri, E. (1994). Age-related vision loss: Factors associated with adaptation to chronic impairment over time. Final report submitted to the AARP/Andrus Foundation. New York: The Lighthouse Research Institute.
23. Hsieh, C. (2001). Correlates of financial satisfaction. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 52 (2), 135-153.
24. Johnson, C. L. (1994). Differential expectations and realities: Race, socioeconomic status and health of the oldest-old. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 38 (1), 13-27.
25. Johnson, R. J., & Wolinsky, F. D. (1996). Use of community-based long-term care services by older adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 8 (4), 512-537.
26. Kirchner, C., & Schmeidler, E. (1999). Life chances and ways of life: Statistics on race, ethnicity, and visual impairment. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 93 (5), 319-324.
27. Lighthouse International (2001). Medicare vision rehabilitation services act: H R 2484. .
28. Loukissa, D., Farran, C. J., & Graham, K. L. (1999). Caring for a relative with Alzheimer’s disease: The experience of African-American and Caucasian caregivers. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease 14 (4), 207-216.
29. Lee, E. O., & Brennan, M. (2002). “I cannot see flowers but I can smell them”: The relation of age and gender to self-reported coping strategies among older adults with visual impairment. Qualitative Social Work Research & Practice, 1 (4), 389-411.
30. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook, (2nd ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
31. Miller, B., Campbell, R. T., David, L., Furner, S., & Glachello, A. (1996). Minority use of community long-term care services: A comparative analysis. Journal of Gerontology: Series B:. Psychological and Social Science, 51B (2), 570-581.
32. Moore, J. E. (1984). Impact of family attitudes toward blindness/vision impairment on the rehabilitation process. Journal of Blindness & Visual Impairment, 78,100-106.
33. Morse, A. R., & Rosenthal, B. P. (1996). Vision and vision assessment. Journal of Mental Health and Aging, 2 (3), 197-212.
34. Muhr, T. (1997). Atlas/Tifor windows: Visual qualitative data analysis, management, & model building. [computer software]. Berlin: Scientific Software Development.
35. Mui, A., & Burnette, D. (1994). Long term care service used by frail elders: Is ethnicity a factor? Gerontologist, 34 (2), 190-198.
36. Nelson, M. A. (1993). Race, gender, and the effect of social supports on the use of health services by elderly individuals. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 37 (3), 227-246.
37. Okwumabua, J. O., Baker, F. M., Wong, S. P., & Pilgrim, B. O. (1997). Characteristics of depressive symptoms in elderly urban and rural African Americans. Journals of Gerontology: Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 52A (4), M241-M246.
38. Reinhardt, J. P. (1996). The importance of friendship and family support in adaptation to chronic vision impairment. Journal ofGerontology: Psychological Science, 51B P268-P278.
39. Richardson, V. (1999). How circumstance of widowhood and retirement affect adjustment among older men. Journal of Mental Health and Aging, 5 (2), 165-174.
40. Ringering, L., & Amaral, P. (2000). The role of psychosocial factors in adaptation to vision impairment and rehabilitation outcomes in adults and older adults. In B. Silverstone, M. A. Lang, B. Rosenthal, & E. Faye (Eds.), The Lighthouse handbook on vision impairment and rehabilitation, Vol. 2., (pp. 1029-1048). New York: Oxford University Press.
41. Smith, J. P., & Kington, R. S. (1997). Race, socioeconomic status, and health in late life. In L. C. Martin & B. J. Soldo (Eds.). Racial and ethnic differences in the health of older Americans. (pp. 105-162). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
42. Sommer, A., Tielsch, J. M., Katz, J., Quigley, H. A., Gottsch, J. D., Javitt, J. C., Martone, J. F., Royall, R. M., Witt, K. A., & Ezrine, S. (1991). Racial differences in the cause-specific prevalence of blindness in East Baltimore. The New England Journal of Medicine, 325 (27), 1412-1417.
43. Tielsch, J. M., Sommer, A., Katz, J., Quigley, H., & Ezrine, S. (1991). Socioeconomic status and visual impairment among urban Americans. Archives of Ophthalmology, 109, 637-641.
44. Tielsch, J. M., Sommer, A., Witt, K., Katz, J., & Royall, R. M. (1990). Blindness and visual impairment in an American urban population: The Baltimore Eye Survey. Archives of Ophthalmology, 108, 286-290.
45. U. S. Census Bureau. (2000). Population projections of the U. S. by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and nativity; 1999 to 2100. Retrieved in July, 2002 from World Wide Web. .
46. West, S. K., Munoz, B., Rubin, G. S., Schein, O. D., Bandeen-Roche, K., Zeger, S., German, S., & Fried, L. P. (1997). Functional and visual impairment in a population-based study of older adults: The SEE project. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 38, 72-82.
47. Young, R. F., Waller, J. B., & Kahana, E. (1991). Racial and socioeconomic aspects of myocardial infarction: Studying confounds. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 7 (6), 438-444.