Universal Jurisdiction: Steps Forward, Steps Back

Leiden Journal of International Law

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 375-389

  Roht Arriaza, Naomi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Belgium; international crimes; international law in nationl courts; Spain; universal jurisdiction

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846111926     PISSN: 09221565     EISSN: 14789698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0922156504001852     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bouterse Case, SupremeCourt of theNetherlands, Criminal Div.,No. 00749/01 (CW2323), Judgmentof 18 Sept. 2001. For commentary, see J. K. Kleffner, ‘Jurisdiction over Genocide, Crimes AgainstHumanity,War Crimes, Torture and Terrorism in the Netherlands’, in A. Cassese and M. Delmas-Marty (eds.), Crimes internationaux et jurisdictions nationales, é tude comparé e (2002).
2. Souleymane Guengueng et autres contre Hissè ne Habré, Cour de Cassation du Senegal, Premiè re chambre statuant en matiè re pé nale, Arrç t n’ 14 du 20-3-2001 Pé nal, 20 March 2001, available at http://www.hrw.org/ french/themes/habre-cour de cass.html.
3. FIDH v. Ould Dah, Cour d'Appel de Montpellier, 25 May 2001; Case of Certain Criminal Proceedings in France (Republic of the Congo v. France), application of 9 Dec. 2002, available at http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idocket/ icof/icoforder/icof iapplication 20020209.pdf; Order of 17 June 2003, Request for Provisional Measures, available at http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/idocket/icof/icoforder/icof iorder 20030617.PDF.
4. Chilean Genocide Case,AudienciaNacional, 5Nov. 1998, reproduced in English inR. Brody and M.Ratner (eds.), ThePinochetPapers:TheCase of AugustoPinochet inSpainandBritain (2000), 95.Boththat caseandthe companion Argentine case, dated 4 Nov. 1998, may be found in Spanish at http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/arg.
5. Extradicció n Ricardo Miguel Cavallo, Mexican Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, Amparo en Revisió n 140/2002, 10 junio 2003, available at http://www.scjn.gob.mx/Asuntos/2003/Cavalloengrose(x)2.pdf. The case is reproduced in English at (2003) 42 ILM 884.
6. Commission on Historical Clarification, Memory of Silence, English summary available at http:// hrdata.aaas.org/ceh/report/english.
7. Law of National Reconciliation, Decree 145-96, 18 Dec. 1996, available at http: \\minugua.guate.net/ ACUERDOSDEPAZ/ACUERDOSESPA%DIOL/LEY9620RECONCILIATION.htm.
8. Guatemala Genocide Case, Audiencia Nacional decision of 13 Dec. 2000, available at http://www.icrc.org/ihlnat. nsf and http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/guatemala.
9. Guatemala Genocide Case, Judgement, Supreme Court of Spain, 25 Feb. 2003, available in English at (2003) 42 ILM 683, and in Spanish at http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/guate. The holding of the case was reaffirmed by the decision of the Supreme Court of 8March 2004 in the case of Chilean general Herná n Brady.
10. See, e.g., ‘Osama bin Laden Indicted in Spain in 9-11 Attacks’, Associated Press, 18 Sept. 2003.
11. Fallo del Tribunal Supremo en el caso del Gral. chileno Herná n J. Brady Roche. Recurso de Casació n no. 1812/2002, 8March 2004.
12. Ricardo Cavallo was extradited from Mexico and ordered to be detained pending trial by the AN on 29 June 2003. Adolfo Scilingo was arrested in Madrid, and his case was ordered ready for trial on 27 June 2003. Both men have appealed to the Supreme Court.
13. Peruvian Genocide Case, Supreme Court of Spain, Penal Chamber, 20 May 2003, available at http://www. universaljurisdiction.info/index/128118.
14. Guatemala case, Peruvian Genocide Case note 12.
15. Peruvian Genocide Case, Guatemala case note 14.
16. Public Prosecutor v. Alphonse Higaniro et al., Assize Court of Brussels, 8 June 2001. For a summary, see http://www.asil.org/insights/insigh72.htm.
17. Tribunal of First Instance of Brussels (J. Vandermeersch), Order of 6 Nov. 1998, reproduced in (1999) Revue de Droit Pé nal et de Criminologie 278.
18. Law Concerning the Punishment of Grave Violations of International Humanitarian Law, (1999) 38 ILM 918.
19. Court of Appeals of Dakar, 4 July 2000, affirmed Court of Cassation, 20 March 2001. The decisions, and commentary, are available in French at http://www.hrw.org/french/themes/habre-decision.htm; http://www.hrw.org/french/themes/habre-cour de cass.htm.
20. Tribunal of first instance of Brussels, 11 April, 2000, cited by the ICJ in Arrest Warrant Case, (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium), Judgement of 14 Feb. 2002, (2003) 41 ILM 536, also at http://www.icj-cij.org.
21. Arrest Warrant Case, Tribunal of first instance of Brussels note 21. For commentary, see, e.g., L. Reydams, Universal Jurisdiction: International and Municipal Legal Perspectives (2003), 227.
22. Arret de la Cour d'appel de Bruxelles, Chambre de mises en accusation of Brussels, 16 April 2002.
23. The complaint is available at http://www.indictsharon.net. The Kahan Commission report may be found at Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the events at the refugee camps in Beirut, 8 February 1983, http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFA0ign0.
24. Sharon and others, 10th Chamber, Appeals Court of Brussels, 26 June 2002, available at http://sabrashatila. be/documents/arrest020626.pdf.
25. Belgian Court of Cassation, 12 Feb. 2003, available at http://indictsharon.net.
26. ‘Plainte pour crime de guerre contre Bush pè re’, Le Soir en Ligne, 18March 2003.
27. Loi relative des violations graves du droit international humanitaire, 5Aug. 2003,Moniteur Belge, 7Aug. 2003, 20506.
28. SeeN. Roht-Arriaza, The Pinochet Effect: Transnational Justice in the Age of Human Rights (2004), which elaborates on many of the ideas in this article.