The third-order angle and the maxillary incisor's inclination to the NA line

Angle Orthodontist

Volumn 77, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 82-87

  Knösel, Michael ^a   Kubein Meesenburg, Dietmar ^a   Sadat Khonsaric, Reza ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

NA line; Third order angle; Upper incisor inclination

Indexed keywords

EID: 33846061246     PISSN: 00033219     EISSN: 00033219     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2319/112405-412R.1     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Steiner CC. The use of cephalometrics as an aid to planning and assessing orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1960;46:721-735.
2. Shudy FF. Cant of the occlusal plane and axial inclinations of teeth. Angle Orthod. 1963;33:69-82.
3. Hasund A, Ulstein G. The position of the incisors in relation to the lines NA and NB in different facial types. Am J Orthod. 1970;57:1-14.
4. Andrews LF. Six keys to normal occlusion. Am J Orthod. 1972;62:296-309.
5. Richmond S, Klufas ML, Sywanyk M. Assessing incisor inclination: a non-invasive technique. Eur J Orthod. 1998;20(6):721-726.
6. Dahlberg G. Statistical methods for medical and biological students. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd; 1940;122-132.
7. Houston WJ. The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod. 1983;83:382-390.
8. Ghahferokhi AE, Elias L, Jonsson S, Rolfe B, Richmond S. Critical assessment of a device to measure incisor crown inclination. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:185-191.
9. Björk A, Skieller V. Facial development and tooth eruption. An implant study at the age of puberty. Am J Orthod. 1972;62:339-83.
10. Segner D. Floating norms as a means to describe individual skeletal patterns. Eur J Orthod. 1989;11:214-220.
11. Björk A, Skieller V. Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible. A synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25 years. Eur J Orthod. 1983;5:1-46.
12. Ross VA, Isaacson RJ, Germane N, Rubenstein LK. Influence of vertical growth pattern on faciolingual inclinations and treatment mechanics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;98:422-429.
13. Schendel SA, Eisenfeld J, Bell WH, Epker BN, Mishelevich DJ. The long face syndrome: vertical maxillary excess. Am J Orthod. 1976;70:398-408.
14. Fish LC, Wolford LM, Epker BN. Surgical-orthodontic correction of vertical maxillary excess. Am J Orthod. 1978;73:241-257.
15. Delivanis HP, Kuftinec MM. Variation in morphology of the maxillary central incisors found in Class II, Division 2 malocclusions. Am J Orthod. 1980;78:438-443.
16. Harris EF, Hassankiadeh S, Harris JT. Maxillary incisor crown-root relationships in different angle malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;103:48-53.
17. Bryant RM, Sadowsky PL, Hazelrig JB. Variability in three morphologic features of the permanent maxillary central incisor. Am J Orthod. 1984;86:25-32.
18. Carlsson R, Rönnermann A. Crown root angles of upper central incisors. Am J Orthod. 1973;64:147-154.
19. Germane N, Bentley BE, Isaacson RJ. Three biological variables modifying faciolingual tooth position by straight wire appliances. Am J Orthod. 1989;96:312-319.
20. Dellinger EL. A scientific assessment of the SWA. Am J Orthod. 1978;73:290-299.
21. Meyer M, Nelson G. Preadjusted edgewise appliances: theory and practice. Am J Orthod. 1978;73:4854-98.
22. Taylor RM. Variation in form of human teeth: I. An anthropologic and forensic study of maxillary incisors. J Dent Res. 1969;48(1):5-16.
23. Fredericks CD. A method for determining the maxillary incisor inclination. Angle Orthod. 1974;44:341-345.
24. Vardimon AD, Lambertz W. Statistical evaluation of torque angles in reference to straight-wire appliance (SWA) theories. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986;89:56-66.
25. Baumrind S, Frantz RC. The reliability of head film measurements. 1. Landmark identification. Am J Orthod. 1971;60:111-127.
26. Baumrind S, Frantz RC. The reliability of head film measurements. 2. Conventional angular and linear measures. Am J Orthod. 1971;60:505-517.
27. Bibby RE. Incisor relationships in different skeletofacial patterns. Angle Orthod. 1980;50:41-44.
28. Andrews LF. Straight wire appliance, origin, controversy, commentary. J Clin Orthod. 1976;10:99-114.