Manual Forces Applied During Cervical Mobilization

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 17-25

  Snodgrass, Suzanne J ^a   Rivett, Darren A ^a   Robertson, Val J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Cervical Vertebrae; Manual Therapies; Musculoskeletal Manipulations

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ADULT; ARTICLE; CERVICAL SPINE; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; FEMALE; FORCE; HUMAN; JOINT MOBILIZATION; LUMBAR SPINE; MALE; MANIPULATIVE MEDICINE; NORMAL HUMAN; OSCILLATION; PARAMETER; PHYSIOTHERAPIST; RELIABILITY;

ADULT; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; HUMANS; MALE; MANIPULATION, SPINAL; ODDS RATIO; PALPATION; PHYSICAL THERAPY (SPECIALTY); RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; REFERENCE VALUES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; STRESS, MECHANICAL; WEIGHT-BEARING;

EID: 33846041701     PISSN: 01614754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2006.11.008     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Bronfort G., Haas M., Evans R., and Bouter L. Efficacy of spinal manipulation and mobilization for low back pain and neck pain: a systematic review and best evidence synthesis. Spine J 4 (2004) 335-356
2. Gross A.R., Hoving J.L., Haines T.A., Goldsmith C.H., Kay T., Aker P., et al. Manipulation and mobilisation for mechanical neck disorders. Cochrane Library (2002) CD004249 10.1002/14651858.CD004249.pub2
3. Korthals-de Bos I., Hoving J., van Tulder M., Rutten-van Molken M., Ader H., de Vet H., et al. Cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and general practitioner care for neck pain: economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 326 (2003) 911-916
4. Magarey M., Rebbeck T., Coughlan B., Grimmer K., Rivett D., and Refshauge K. Pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine: review, revision and new clinical guidelines. Man Ther 9 (2004) 95-108
5. Jull G. Use of high and low velocity manipulative therapy procedures by Australian manipulative physiotherapists. Aust J Physiother 48 (2002) 189-193
6. Maitland G., Banks K., English K., and Hengeveld E. Maitland's vertebral manipulation. 7th ed. (2005), Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
7. Grieve G. Mobilisation of the spine. 5th ed. (1991), Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
8. Mann T., and Refshauge K. Causes of complications from cervical spine manipulation. Aust J Physiother 47 (2001) 255-266
9. Kerry R. Pre-manipulative procedures for the cervical spine-new guidelines and a time for dialectics: knowledge, risks, evidence and consent. Physiotherapy 88 (2002) 417-420
10. Lee R., McGregor A., Bull A., and Wragg P. Dynamic response of the cervical spine to posteroanterior mobilisation. Clin Biomech 20 (2005) 228-231
11. Conradie M., Smit E., Louw M., Prinsloo M., Loubser L., and Wilsdorf A. Do experienced physiotherapists apply equal magnitude of force during a Grade I central PA mobilisation on the cervical spine. S Afr J Physiother 60 (2004) 18-25
12. Smit E., Conradie M., Wessels J., Witbooi I., and Otto R. Measurement of the magnitude of force applied by students when learning a mobilisation technique. S Afr J Physiother 59 (2003) 3-8
13. Langshaw M. Cervical spine mobilisation: the effect of experience and subject on dose [undergraduate honors thesis]. Sydney: The University of Sydney; 2001.
14. Chiradejnant A., Latimer J., and Maher C. Forces applied during manual therapy to patients with low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 25 (2002) 362-369
15. Harms M., and Bader D. Variability of forces applied by experienced therapists during spinal mobilization. Clin Biomech 12 (1997) 393-399
16. Gross J., Fetto J., and Rosen E. Musculoskeletal examination. 2nd ed. (2002), Blackwell Science, Inc, Boston
17. Palmer M., and Epler M. Fundamentals of musculoskeletal assessment techniques. 2nd ed. (1998), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
18. Hoppenfeld S. Physical examination of the spine and extremities (1976), Appleton-Century-Crofts, Norwalk (Conn)
19. Scudds R. Pain outcome measures. J Hand Ther 14 (2001) 154-169
20. de Looze M., Kuijt-Evers L., and van Dieen J. Sitting comfort and discomfort and the relationships with objective measures. Ergonomics 46 (2003) 985-997
21. Cook C., Turney L., Ramirez L., Miles A., Haas S., and Karakostas T. Predictive factors in poor inter-rater reliability among physical therapists. J Man Manipulative Ther 10 (2002) 200-205
22. Harms M., Innes S., and Bader D. Forces measured during spinal manipulative procedures in two age groups. Rheumatology (Oxford) 38 (1999) 267-274
23. Viner A., and Lee M. Direction of manual force applied during assessment of stiffness in the lumbosacral spine. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 18 (1995) 441-447
24. van Zoest G., and Gosselin G. Three-dimensionality of direct contact forces in chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 26 (2003) 549-556
25. Herzog W., Conway P., Kawchuk G., Zhang Y., and Hasler E. Forces exerted during spinal manipulative therapy. Spine 18 (1993) 1206-1212
26. Kawchuk G., and Herzog W. Biomechanical characterization (fingerprinting) of 5 novel methods of cervical spine manipulation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 16 (1993) 573-577
27. Wood J., Adams A., and Hansmeier D. Force and time characteristics of Pierce Technique cervical adjustments. J Chirop Res Clin Invest 9 (1994) 39-44
28. Haldeman S., Kohlbeck F., and McGregor M. Unpredictability of cerebrovascular ischemia associated with cervical spine manipulation therapy. Spine 27 (2002) 49-55
29. Terret A. Neurological complications of spinal manipulation therapy. In: Haldeman S. (Ed). Principles and practice of chiropractic. 3rd ed. (2005), McGraw-Hill, New York 1149-1164
30. Symons B., Leonard T., and Herzog W. Internal forces sustained by the vertebral artery during spinal manipulative therapy. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 25 (2002) 504-510
31. Snodgrass S., Rivett D., and Robertson V. Manual forces applied during posterior to anterior spinal mobilization: a review of the evidence. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 29 (2006) 316-329
32. Chiradejnant A., Maher C., and Latimer J. Objective manual assessment of lumbar posteroanterior stiffness is now possible. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 26 (2003) 34-39
33. Profile of the physiotherapist workforce in NSW, 2003, State Health Publication No. (SWS) 020189 (2003), Workforce Development and Leadership Branch, NSW Health, North Sydney (Australia)
34. Holden J. Hawthorne effects and research into professional practice. J Eval Clin Pract 7 (2001) 65-70
35. Harlick J., Milosavljevic S., and Milburn P. Is lumbar spinal palpation a valid clinical procedure?. In: Singer K. (Ed). Proceedings of the 7th Scientific Conference of the IFOMT (2000), International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapists, Perth (Australia) 201-205
36. Downey B., Taylor N., and Niere K. Manipulative physiotherapists can reliably palpate nominated lumbar spinal levels. Man Ther 4 (1999) 151-156
37. McKenzie A., and Taylor N. Can physiotherapists locate lumbar spinal levels by palpation?. Physiotherapy 83 (1997) 235-239
38. Lucchetti CA. Palpation of the C7 vertebral spinous process. An inter- and intra-examiner reliability and accuracy study [thesis submitted for BSc Chiropractic]. Bournemouth, UK: Anglo-European College of Chiropractic; 1992.
39. Latimer J., Lee M., and Adams R. The effect of training with feedback on physiotherapy students' ability to judge lumbar stiffness. Man Ther 1 (1996) 266-270
40. Shirley D., Ellis E., and Lee M. The response of posteroanterior lumbar stiffness to repeated loading. Man Ther 7 (2002) 19-25
41. Petty N. The effect of posteroanterior mobilisation on sagittal mobility of the lumbar spine. Man Ther 1 (1995) 25-29