Villar's nodule: A case report and systematic literature review of endometriosis externa of the umbilicus

Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 23-32

  Victory, Rahi ^a   Diamond, Michael P ^a   Johns, D Alan ^b  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Harris Methodist Fort Worth Hospital   (United States)

Author keywords

Cutaneous endometriosis; Endometriosis; Laparoscopy; Umbilical neoplasm; Umbilicus; Villar's nodule

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL SURGERY; ADULT; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE DURATION; ENDOMETRIOSIS; FEMALE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYSTERECTOMY; IATROGENIC DISEASE; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PAIN; REOPERATION; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SALPINGOOOPHORECTOMY; SWELLING; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TROCAR; UMBILICUS;

ENDOMETRIOSIS; FEMALE; HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; MIDDLE AGED; OVARIECTOMY; PELVIC PAIN; STERILIZATION, TUBAL; UMBILICUS;

EID: 33846018065     PISSN: 15534650     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2006.07.014     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Giudice L.C., and Kao L.C. Endometriosis. Lancet 364 (2004) 1789-1799
2. Steck W.D., and Helwig E.B. Cutaneous endometriosis. JAMA 191 (1965) 167-170
3. Koninckx P.R., Donders G., and Vandecruys H. Umbilical endometriosis after unprotected removal of uterine pieces through the umbilicus. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 7 (2000) 227-232
4. De Giorgi V., Massi D., Mannone F., Stante M., and Carli P. Cutaneous endometriosis: non-invasive analysis by epiluminescence microscopy. Clin Exp Derm 28 (2003) 315-317
5. Cited in Schwayder T.A. Umbilical nodule and abdominal pain. Arch Dermatol 123 (1987) 106-109
6. Latcher J.W. Endometriosis of the umbilicus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 66 (1953) 161-168
7. Fair K.P., Patterson J.W., Murphy R.J., and Rudd R.J. Cutaneous deciduosis. J Amer Acad Derm 43 1 Pt 1 (2000) 102-107
8. Redondo P., Idoate M., and Corella C. Cutaneous umbilical endosalpingiosis with severe abdominal pain. J Euro Acad Derm Venereol 15 (2000) 179-180
9. Ziv Y., Waizer A., Wolloch Y., and Dintsman M. Pitfalls in the preoperative diagnosis of endometriosis. Arch Surg 121 (1986) 367-368
10. Farquhar C.M. Extracts from the "clinical evidence:" endometriosis. Br Med J 320 (2000) 1449-1452
11. Franklin R.R., and Navarro C. Extragenital endometriosis. Prog Clin Bio Res 323 (1990) 289-295
12. Patsner B., and Damien M. Umbilical metastases from a stage IB cervical cancer after laparoscopy: a case report. Fertil Steril 58 (1992) 1248-1249
13. Eerman H. Some aspects of cutaneous malignancy. Arch Dermatol 99 (1969) 617-626
14. Lauslahti K. Malignant external endometriosis: a case of adenocarcinoma of umbilical endometriosis. Acta Path Microbiol Scand, Section A, Pathology 233 (1972) 98-102
15. Hartigan C.M., and Holloway B.J. Case report: MR imaging features of endometriosis at the umbilicus. Br J Radiol 78 (2005) 755-757
16. Douglas C., and Rotimi O. Extragenital endometriosis: a clinicopathological review of a Glasgow hospital experience with case illustrations. J Obstet Gynaecol 24 (2004) 804-808
17. Razzi S., Rubegni P., Sartini A., et al. Umbilical endometriosis in pregnancy: a case report. Gynecol Endocrinol 18 (2004) 114-116
18. Majeski J., and Craggie J. Scar endometriosis developing after an umbilical hernia repair with mesh. South Med J 97 (2004) 532-534
19. Frischknecht F., Raio L., Fleischmann A., Dreher E., Luscher K.P., and Mueller M.D. Umbilical endometriosis. Surg Endosc 18 (2004) 347
20. Schachter L.R., Tash J., Olgac S., and Bochner B.H. Umbilical endometriosis. J Urol 170 6 Pt 1 (2003) 2388-2389
21. Rubegni P., Sbano P., Santopietro R., and Fimiani M. Umbilical endometriosis. Clin Experiment Dermatol 28 (2003) 571-572
22. Zollner U., Girschick G., Steck T., and Dietl J. Umbilical endometriosis without previous pelvic surgery: a case report. Arch Gynecol Obstet 267 (2003) 258-260
23. Okunlola M.A., Adekunle A.O., Arowojolu A.O., and Oluwasola A.O. Isolated umbilical endometriosis: a rare finding. African J Med Medic Sci 31 (2002) 281-282
24. Sidani M.S., Khalil A.M., Tawil A.N., El-Hajj M.I., and Seoud M.A. Primary umbilical endometriosis. Clin Experiment Obstet Gynecol 29 (2002) 40-41
25. Friedman P.M., and Rico M.J. Cutaneous endometriosis. Dermatology Online J 6 (2000) 8
26. Munoz H., Waxtein L., Vega M.E., Cortes R., and Hojyo M.T. An ulcerated umbilical nodule. Arch Dermatol 135 (1999) 1114-1115
27. von Stemm A.M., Meigel W.N., Scheidel P., and Gocht A. Umbilical endometriosis. J Euro Acad Dermatol Venereol 12 (1999) 30-32
28. Khetan N., Torkington J., Watkin A., Jamison M.H., and Humphreys W.V. Endometriosis: presentation to general surgeons. Ann Royal Coll Surg Eng 81 (1999) 255-259
29. Ichimiya M., Hirota T., and Muto M. Intralymphatic embolic cells with cutaneous endometriosis in the umbilicus. J Dermatol 25 (1998) 333-336
30. Sheikh H.H. Extrapelvic endometriosis: an overview and case histories. Internat J Fertil Womens Med 43 (1998) 12-17
31. Thacher T.D., Nwana E.J., and Karshima J.A. Extrapelvic endometriosis in Nigeria. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 59 (1997) 57-58
32. Skidmore R.A., Woosley J.T., and Katz V.L. Decidualized umbilical endometriosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 52 (1996) 269-273
33. Molderez C.M., Wouters K.B., Bergmans G.B., and Michiels G.K. Umbilical discharge: a review of 22 cases. Acta Chirurgica Belgica 95 (1995) 166-169
34. Albrecht L.E., Tron V., and Rivers J.K. Cutaneous endometriosis. Int J Dermatol 34 (1995) 261-262
35. Purvis R.S., and Tyring S.K. Cutaneous and subcutaneous endometriosis: surgical and hormonal therapy. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 20 (1994) 693-695
36. Hill A.D., Banwell P.E., Sangwan Y., Darzi A., and Menzies-Gow N. Endometriosis and umbilical swelling. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 21 (1994) 28-29
37. Yu C.Y., Perez-Reyes M., Brown J.J., and Borrello J.A. MR appearance of umbilical endometriosis. J Comp Assist Tomogr 18 (1994) 269-271
38. du Toit D.F., and Heydenrych J.J. Umbilical endometriosis. S Afr Med J. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde 83 (1993) 439
39. Igawa H.H., Ohura T., Sugihara T., Hosokawa M., Kawamura K., and Kaneko Y. Umbilical endometriosis. Ann Plast Surg 29 (1992) 266-268
40. Fahal A.H., and Yagi K.I. Skin endometriosis in Sudan. Tropic Geograph Med 39 (1987) 383-384
41. Ziv Y., Wolloch Y., and Dintsman M. Endometriosis: unusual and remote sites. Panminerva Medica 29 (1987) 311-312
42. Schwayder T.A. Umbilical nodule and abdominal pain. Arch Dermatol 123 (1987) 106-109
43. Michowitz M., Baratz M., and Stavorovsky M. Endometriosis of the umbilicus. Dermatologica 167 (1983) 326-330
44. Charles S.X. Pelvic and umbilical endometriosis presenting with hemorrhagic pleural effusion: a case report. Int Surg 66 (1981) 277-278
45. Blumenthal N.J. Umbilical endometriosis: a case report. South Afr Med J. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde 59 (1981) 198-199
46. Charles S.X., and Samyuktha K. Endometriosis of umbilicus. Aust NZ 19 (1979) 239-240
47. Radman H.M. Endometriosis of the umbilicus. South Med J 70 (1977) 888-889
48. Williams H.E., Barsky S., and Storino W. Umbilical endometrioma (silent type). Arch Dermatol 112 (1976) 1435-1436
49. Aimakhu V.E., and Osunkoya B.O. Endometriosis externa in Ibadan, Nigeria. Am J Obstet Gynecol 110 (1971) 489-493
50. Pathak U.N., and Hayes J.A. Umbilical endometriosis. Br J Clin Pract 22 (1968) 117-120
51. Brown J.P. Umbilical endometriosis. Nursing Times 62 (1966) 124
52. Barbaros U., Iyibozkurt A.C., Gulluoglu M., et al. Endometriotic umbilical port site metastasis after laparoscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 193 (2005) 1761-1763
53. Premalatha S., Augustine S.M., and Thambiah A.S. Umbilical endometrioma. Clin Exp Dermatol 3 (1978) 35-37
54. Igerbase G.O., and Igbekoyi O.F. Umbilical endometriosis in a 45 year old Nigerian grandmultipara. Afr J Med Med Sci 34 (2005) 193-194
55. Kerr O.A., Mowbray M., and Tidman M.J. An umbilical nodule due to endometriosis. Acta Derm Venereol 86 (2006) 277-278
56. Ikeda S., Yajima M., Hida K., et al. Sister Joseph umbilical nodule coexisting with endometriosis from endometrial carcinoma. Arch Gynecol Obstet 273 (2006) 250-252
57. Carter S., Davidson T., Hussain N., and McLaughlin J. A case of spontaneous umbilical endometriosis. J Obstet Gynecol 18 (1998) 490-491
58. Yuen J.S., Chow P.K., Koong H.N., Ho J.M., and Girija R. Unusual sites (thorax and umbilical hernia sac) of endometriosis. J Royal Coll Surg Edinburgh 46 (2001) 313-315
59. Hameed A., Jafri N., Copeland L.J., and O'Toole R.V. Endometriosis with myxoid change simulating mucinous adenocarcinoma and pseudomyxoma peritonei. Gynecol Onc 62 (1996) 317-319
60. Rachagan S.P., Zawiah S., and Menon A. Extra pelvic endometriosis and catamenial pneumothorax. Med J Malaysia 51 (1996) 480-481
61. Gbinigie A.O. Paraumbilical endometriosis in a Nigerian woman. J Obstet Gynecol 5 (1985) 188
62. Healy J.T., Wilkinson N.W., and Sawyer M. Abdominal wall endometrioma in a laparoscopic trocar tract: a case report. Am Surg 61 (1995) 962-963
63. Marder D.M. Imaging of periumbilical endometriosis. Am J Roentgenol 156 (1991) 636-637
64. Ramsanahie A., Giri S.K., Velusamy S., and Nessim G.T. Endometriosis in a scarless abdominal wall with underlying umbilical hernia. Irish J Med Sci 169 (2000) 67
65. Chatterjee S.K. Scar endometriosis: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases. Obstet Gynecol 56 (1980) 81-84
66. Singh K.K., Lessells A.M., Adam D.J., et al. Presentation of endometriosis to general surgeons: a 10-year experience. Br J Surg 82 (1995) 1349-1351
67. Scott R.B., and TeLinde R.W. External endometriosis: the scourge of the private patient. Ann Surg 131 (1950) 697-720
68. Patterson G.K., and Winburn G.B. Abdominal wall endometriomas: report of eight cases. Am Surg 65 (1999) 36-39
69. Zhao X., Lang J., Leng J., Liu Z., Sun D., and Zhu L. Abdominal wall endometriomas. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 90 (2005) 218-222
70. Douglas C., and Rotimi O. Extragenital endometriosis: a clinicopathological review of a Glasgow hospital experience with case illustrations. J Obstet Gynecol 24 (2004) 804-808
71. Counsellor V. Endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 36 (1938) 877
72. Pumphrey R.E. Endometriosis: a clinicopathologic study of forty-eight cases. Ohio Med J 33 (1937) 61
73. Fallas R., and Rosenblum G. Endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 39 (1940) 964
74. Jenkinson E.L. J Am Med Assoc 122 (1943) 349
75. Boggs R. Endometriosis of the umbilicus: vicarious menstruation following hysterectomy. Arch Surg 37 (1938) 642-650
76. Hsieh Y.Y., Chang C.C., Tsai F.J., Lin C.C., and Tsai C.H. T homozygote and allele of epidermal growth factor receptor 2073 gene polymorphism are associated with higher susceptibility to endometriosis and leiomyomas. Fertil Steril 83 (2005) 796-799
77. Chrobak A., Gmyrek G.B., Sozanski R., et al. The influence of extracellular matrix proteins on T-cell proliferation and apoptosis in women with endometriosis or uterine leiomyoma. Am J Reprod Immunol 51 (2004) 123-129
78. Curry T.W. Subcutaneous endometriomas: case report and review of the literature. J Gynecol Surg 14 (1998) 31-34
79. Moore J., Kennedy S., and Prentice A. Modern combined oral contraceptives for pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2 (2000) CD001019
80. Jones K.D., Fan A., and Sutton C.J. The ovarian endometrioma: why is it so poorly managed? Indicators from an anonymous survey. Hum Reprod 17 (2002) 845-849
81. Beretta P., Franchi M., Ghezzi F., Busacca M., Zupi E., and Bolis P. Randomized clinical trial of two laparoscopic treatments of endometriomas: cystectomy versus drainage and coagulation. Fertil Steril 70 (1998) 1176-1180
82. Blanco R.G., Parithivel V.S., Shah A.K., Gumbs M.A., Schein M., and Gerst P.H. Abdominal wall endometriomas. Am J Surg 185 (2003) 596-598
83. Rawson J.M.R. Prevalence of endometriosis in asymptomatic women. J Reprod Med 36 (1991) 513-515
84. Whiteside J.L., and Falcone T. Endometriosis-related pelvic pain: what is the evidence?. Clin Obstet Gynecol 46 (2003) 824-830
85. Chapron C., Fauconnier A., Dubuisson J.B., et al. Deep infiltrating endometriosis: relation between severity of dysmenorrhea and extent of disease. Hum Reprod 18 (2003) 760
86. Rock J.A. Endometriosis and pelvic pain. Fertil Steril 60 (1993) 950-951
87. Koninckx P.R., Meuleman C., Demeyere S., et al. Suggestive evidence that pelvic endometriosis is a progressive disease, whereas deeply infiltrating endometriosis is associated with pelvic pain. Fertil Steril 55 (1991) 759-765
88. Fauconnier A., Chapron C., Dubuisson J., et al. Relations between pain symptoms and anatomic locations of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Fertil Steril 78 (2002) 719-726
89. Porpora M.G., Koninckx P.R., Piazze J., et al. Correlation between endometriosis and pelvic pain. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 6 (1999) 429-434
90. Berkley K., Rapkin A.J., and Papka R.E. The pains of endometriosis. Science 308 (2005) 1587-1589
91. Rivlin M.E., Das S.K., Patel R.B., et al. Leuprolide acetate in the treatment of cesarean scar endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 85 (1995) 838-839
92. Prentice A., Deary A.J., Goldbeck-Wood S., Farquhar C., Smith S.K., and Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2005) 4
93. Galvan V.G. Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. Ann Intern Med 128 (1998) 410
94. Groothuis P.G., Koks C.M., deGoeij A.M., et al. Adhesion of human endometrium to the epithelial lining and extracellular matrix of amnion in vitro: an electron microscopic study. Hum Reprod 13 (1998) 2275-2281
95. Vanderlinden P.J.Q., Degoeji A.F.P.M., Dunselman G.A.J., et al. Expression of integrins and e-cadherins in cells from menstrual effluent, endometrium peritoneal fluid, peritoneum and endometriosis. Fertil Steril 61 (1994) 85-90
96. Oosterlynck D.J., Meuleman C., Sobis H., et al. Angiogenic activity of peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 59 (1993) 778-782
97. McLaren J., Prentice J., Charnock Jones D.S., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is produced by peritoneal fluid macrophages in endometriosis and is regulated by ovarian steroids. J Clin Invest 98 (1996) 482-489
98. McLaren J., Prentice J., Charnock Jones D.S., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations are elevated in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 11 (1996) 220-223
99. Badawy S.A., Mroziewicz E., Friedman D., et al. Subcutaneous endometriosis in cesarean section scars. J Gynecol Surg 12 (1996) 141-144
100. Dmowski W.P., and Braun D.P. Immunology of endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 18 (2004) 245-263
101. Sampson J.A. Am J Obstet Gynecol 4 (1922) 451
102. Roberts L.M., Redan J., and Reich H. Extraperitoneal endometriosis with catamenial pneumothoraces: a review of the literature. J Soc Laparoendoscopic Surg 7 (2003) 371-375
103. Scott R.B., Nowak R.J., and Tindale R.M. Umbilical endometriosis and the Cullen Sign. Study of lymphatic transport from pelvis to umbilicus in monkeys. Obstet Gynecol 11 (1958) 556-563
104. Ichida M., Gomi A., Hiranouchi N., et al. A case of cerebral endometriosis causing catamenial epilepsy. Neurology 43 (1993) 2708-2709
105. Henry J.S. Surg Gynecol Obstet 44 (1927) 637
106. Moore J.G., Binstock M.A., and Growdon W.A. The clinical implications of retroperitoneal endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 158 6 Pt 1 (1998) 1291-1298
107. Ueki M. Histologic study of endometriosis and examination of lymphatic drainage in and from the uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165 (1991) 201-209
108. Hobbs J.E., and Bortnick A.R. Am J Obstet Gynecol 40 (1940) 832
109. Latcher J.W. Endometriosis of the umbilicus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 66 (1953) 161-168
110. Zheng W., Li N., Wang J., et al. Initial endometriosis showing direct morphologic evidence of metaplasia in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis. Int J Gynecol Path 24 (2005) 164-172
111. Slater M., Quagliotto G., Cooper M., and Murphy C.R. Endometriotic cells exhibit metaplastic change and oxidative DNA damage as well as decreased function, compared to normal endometrium. J Mol Histol 36 (2005) 257-263
112. Giudice L.C. Genomics' role in understanding the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Sem Reprod Med 21 (2003) 119-124