Determination of 222Rn in fresh water: Development of a robust method of analysis by α/β separation liquid scintillation spectrometry

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Volumn 65, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 92-103

  Pates, Jacqueline M ^a   Mullinger, Neil J ^a  

^a LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Liquid scintillation; Radon; Stream aquifer interaction; Toluene extraction

Indexed keywords

AQUIFERS; CALIBRATION; EXTRACTION; RADON; ROBUSTNESS (CONTROL SYSTEMS); SCINTILLATION; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; TOLUENE;

LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY; NATURAL WATERS; STREAM-AQUIFER INTERACTION;

NATURAL WATER GEOCHEMISTRY;

FRESH WATER; GOLD; RADON 222; TOLUENE; WATER;

AQUIFER; ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DETECTION; SEPARATION TECHNIQUE; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER SAMPLING; ALPHA RADIATION; BETA RADIATION; CHEMISTRY; METHODOLOGY; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION MONITORING; REPRODUCIBILITY; SCINTILLATION COUNTING; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SOLUTION AND SOLUBILITY; WATER POLLUTANT;

ALPHA PARTICLES; BETA RAYS; FRESH WATER; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIATION MONITORING; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SCINTILLATION COUNTING; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SOLUTIONS; WATER; WATER POLLUTANTS, RADIOACTIVE;

EID: 33846016944     PISSN: 09698043     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2006.06.006     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Asikainen M., and Kahlos H. Anomalously high concentrations of uranium, radium and radon in water from drilled wells in the Helsinki region. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 43 (1979) 1681-1686
2. ASTM, 1998. Standard test method for radon in drinking water. Designation: D5072-98.
3. 222Rn determination in environmental waters by liquid scintillation counting with pulse shape analysis. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 186 (1994) 119-127
4. Cable J.E., Burnett W.C., Chanton J.P., and Weatherly G.L. Estimating groundwater discharge into the northeastern Gulf of Mexico using radon-222. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 144 (1996) 591-604
5. 222Rn in the benthic boundary layer of ice-covered lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32 (1987) 577-590
6. Cook P.G., Favreau G., Dighton J.C., and Tickell S. Determining natural groundwater influx to a tropical river using radon, chlorofluorcarbons and ionic environmental tracers. J. Hydrol. 277 (2003) 74-88
7. Currie L.A. Limits for qualitative detection and quantitative determination. Application to radiochemistry. Anal. Chem. 40 (1968) 586-593
8. 222Rn to examine groundwater/surface water discharge interaction in the Rio Grande de Manati, Puerto Rico. J. Hydrol. 115 (1990) 319-341
9. 222Rn evasion. Geophys. Res. Lett. 10 (1983) 443-446
10. 226Ra in aqueous samples using a low-level liquid scintillation counter. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 47 (1996) 861-867
11. Freyer K., Treutler H.C., Dehnert J., and Nestler W. Sampling and measurement of radon-222 in water. J. Environ. Radioact. 37 (1997) 327-337
12. Genereux D.P., Hemond H.F., and Mulholland P.J. Use of radon-222 and calcium as tracers in a three-end-member mixing model for streamflow generation on the West Fork of Walker Branch Watershed. J. Hydrol. 142 (1993) 167-211
13. 222Rn concentration in groundwater as an indicator. J. Hydrol. 205 (1998) 92-100
14. Hoehn E., and von Gunten H.R. Radon in groundwater: a tool to assess infiltration from surface waters to aquifers. Water Resour. Res. 25 (1989) 1795-1803
15. Horiuchi K., and Murakami Y. A new procedure for the determination of radium in water by extraction of radon and application of integral counting with a liquid scintillation counter. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 32 (1981) 291-294
16. 226Ra to trace groundwater discharge into the Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Chem. 65 (1999) 127-134
17. 222Rn. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46 (1982) 1173-1182
18. Kinner N.E., Malley J.P., Clement J.A., Quern P.A., Schell G.S., and Lessard C.E. Effects of sampling technique, storage, cocktails, sources of variation, and extraction on the liquid scintillation technique for radon in water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25 (1991) 1165-1171
19. In: Lederer C.M., and Shirley V.S. (Eds). Table of the Isotopes. seventh ed. (1978), Wiley-Interscience, New York
20. Newton B.M., Watson J.E., and Cote R.A. Quantitative goals for a Rn-222 multimedia mitigation plan. Health Phys. 81 (2001) 575-579
21. Pates J.M., Cook G.T., MacKenzie A.B., and Thomson J. The development of an alpha/beta separation liquid scintillation cocktail for aqueous samples. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Articles 172 (1993) 341-348
22. Pates J.M., Cook G.T., MacKenzie A.B., and Passo C.J. Implications of beta energy and quench level for alpha/beta liquid scintillation spectrometry. Analyst 123 (1998) 2201-2207
23. 222Rn concentrations in water with a commercial liquid scintillation counter. Health Phys. 33 (1977) 577-581
24. 222Rn in water by alpha-beta discrimination. Radioact. Radiochem. 3 (1992) 28-36
25. 222Rn in a groundwater affected coastal area of the Baltic Sea and the underlying sub-sea floor aquifer. Mar. Chem. 87 (2004) 137-149
26. 222Rn in water with different commercial liquid scintillation counters and pulse-shape analysis. In: Noakes J.E., Schönhofer F., and Polach H.A. (Eds). Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry 1992 (1993), Radiocarbon, Tuscon, AZ 361-372
27. 222Rn in drinking water using an alpha/beta liquid scintillation counter. In: Noakes J.E., Schönhofer F., and Polach H.A. (Eds). Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry 1992 (1993), Radiocarbon, Tuscon, AZ 373-381
28. Vitz E. Toward a standard method for determining waterborne radon. Health Phys. 60 (1991) 817-829
29. Zouridakis N., Ochsenkuhn K.M., and Savidou A. Determination of uranium and radon in potable water samples. J. Environ. Radioact. 61 (2002) 225-232