Labour market flexibility, wages and incomes in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s

African Development Review

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 392-427

  Kingdon, Geeta ^a   Sandefur, Justin ^a   Teal, Francis ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INCOME; INFORMAL SECTOR; LABOR SUPPLY; SELF EMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT; WAGE;

AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 33846015824     PISSN: 10176772     EISSN: 14678268     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8268.2006.00144.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (53)

1. Beaudry, P. and N. K. Sowa (1994), 'Ghana ', in S. Horton et al. (eds.), Labor Markets in an Era of Adjustment, Vol. 2. EDI Development Studies, World Bank, Washington DC.
2. Blanchflower, D. and A. Oswald (1995), The Wage Curve, MIT Press, Cambridge.
3. Blanchflower, D., A. Oswald and P. Sanfey (1996), 'Wages, Profits, and Rent-Sharing ', Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 111, No. 1, pp. 227-51.
4. Blunch, N.-H. and D. Verner (2004), 'Asymmetries in the Union Wage Premium in Ghana ', World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 237-52.
5. Butcher, K. and C. Rouse (2001), 'Wage Effects of Unions and Industrial Councils in South Africa ', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 349-74.
6. Calvès, A.-E. and B. Schoumaker (2004), 'Deteriorating Economic Context and Changing Patterns of Youth Employment in Urban Burkino Faso: 1980-2000 ', World Development, Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 1341-54.
7. Casale, D. and D. Posel (2001), 'Why More Women are Looking for Work?A Study of Female Labor Supply in South Africa, 1995-1999 ', paper presented to the DPRU/FES conference, Johannesburg, 15-16 November.
8. Casale, D., C. Muller and D. Posel (2004), '"Two Million Net New Jobs": A Reconsideration of the Rise in Employment in South Africa, 1995-2003 ', paper presented at the African Development and Poverty Reduction Conference: Lord Charles Hotel, Somerset West, South Africa, October 2004.
9. Chandra, V., J. Nganou and C. Noel (2002), 'Constraints to Growth in Johannesburg's Black Informal Sector: Evidence from the 1999 Informal Sector Survey ', World Bank Report No. 24449-ZA, June.
10. Dasgupta, P. and D. Ray (1986), 'Inequality as a Determinant of Malnutrition and Unemployment: Theory ', Economic Journal, Vol. 96, No. 384, pp. 1011-34.
11. Fafchamps, M. and M. Söderbom (2006), 'Wages and Labor Management in African Manufacturing ', Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 241-79.
12. Freeman, R. and R. Oostendorp (2000), 'Wages around the World: Pay across Occupations and Countries ', NBER Working Paper No. 8058.
13. Ghana Statistical Service (1995), The Pattern of Poverty in Ghana: 1988-1992, Accra, November.
14. Ghana Statistical Service (2000), Poverty Trends in Ghana in the 1990s, Accra, October.
15. Glewwe, P. (1996), 'The Relevance of Standard Estimates of Rates of Return to Schooling for Education Policy: A Critical Assessment ', Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 51, pp. 267-90.
16. Harris, J. and M. Todaro (1970), 'Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis ', American Economic Review, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 126-42.
17. Hoddinott, J. (1996), 'Wages and Unemployment in an Urban African Labor Market ', Economic Journal, Vol. 106, pp. 1610-26.
18. Horton, S., D. Mazumdar and R. Kanbur (1994), 'Overview ', in Labor Markets in an Era of Adjustment, Vol. 1, World Bank, Washington DC.
19. HSRC (2003), HRD Review 2003, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria.
20. Kingdon, G. and J. Knight (2001), 'Unemployment in South Africa: A Spatial Approach ', Centre for the Study of African Economies, Working Paper 99-12, Oxford University.
21. Kingdon, G. and J. Knight (2004), 'Unemployment in South Africa: The Nature of the Beast ', World Development, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 391-408.
22. Kingdon, G. and J. Knight (2006), 'How Flexible Are Wages in Response to Local Unemployment in South Africa ', Industrial and Labour Relations Review, Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 471-95.
23. Knight, J. (1997), 'Market Issues in Zimbabwe: Lessons for South Africa ', South African Journal of Economics, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 69-98.
24. Krishnan, P., S. Dercon and T. Gebre Selassie (1998), 'The Urban Labor Market during Structural Adjustment: Ethiopia 1990-1997 ', Centre for the Study of African Economies, Working Paper 98-09, Oxford University.
25. Lachaud, J. P. (1995), 'Public-Private Wage Differentials in French-Speaking Africa: A Comparative Analysis ', Labor, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 295-341.
26. Manning, A. (2003), Monopsony in Motion, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
27. Miller, V. and L. Vallée (1995), 'Labor Regulation and Segmentation in Cameroon ', in B. Gauthier (ed.), Economic Reform and the Development of the Manufacturing Sector in Cameroon, RPED Country Study Series, World Bank, Washington DC.
28. Milne, W. and M. Neitzert (1994), 'Kenya ', in S. Horton et al. (eds.), Labor Markets in an Era of Adjustment, Vol. 2. EDI Development Studies, World Bank, Washington DC.
29. National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania, Household Budget Survey 2000/1, Dar-es-Salaam, July 2002.
30. Rama, M. (2000), 'Wage Misalignment in CFA Countries: Are Labor Market Policies to Blame?' Journal of African Economies, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 475-511.
31. Schultz, P. (2004), 'Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education ', Journal of African Economies, Vol. 13, AERC Supplement. 2, pp. ii95-ii148.
32. Schultz, P. and G. Mwabu (1998), 'Labor Unions and the Distribution of Wages and Employment in South Africa ', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 680-703.
33. Serneels, P. (2004), 'The Nature of Unemployment in Urban Ethiopia ', Centre for the Study of African Economies, Working Paper 04-01, Oxford University.
34. Shapiro, C. and J. E. Stiglitz (1984), 'Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device ', American Economic Review, Vol. 74, pp. 433-44.
35. Söderbom, M. and F. Teal (2000), 'Skills, Investment and Exports from Manufacturing Firms in Africa ', Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 13-43.
36. Söderbom, M. and F. Teal (2003), 'Openness and Human Capital as Sources of Productivity Growth: An Empirical Investigation ', CSAE Working Paper 2003-06.
37. Söderbom, M. and F. Teal (2004), 'Size and Efficiency in African Manufacturing Firms: Evidence from Firm-level Panel Data ', Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 73, pp. 369-94.
38. Söderbom, M., F. Teal and A. Wambugu (2002), 'Does Firm Size Really Affect Earnings?' CSAE Working Paper WPS/2002-08.
39. Söderbom, M., F. Teal, and A. Wambugu (2005), 'Unobserved Heterogeneity and the Relation between Earnings and Firm Size: Evidence from Two Developing Countries' Economic Letters, Vol. 87, pp. 153-59.
40. Söderbom, M., F. Teal A. Wambugu and G. Kahyarara (2006), 'The Dynamics of Returns to Education in Kenyan and Tanzanian Manufacturing ', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 261-88.
41. Stiglitz, J. (1974), 'Alternative Theories of Wage Determination and Unemployment in LDCs: The Labor Turnover Model ', Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 88, No. 2, pp. 194-227.
42. Teal, F. (1996), 'The Size and Sources of Economic Rents in a Developing Country Manufacturing Labor Market ', Economic Journal, Vol. 106, pp. 963-76.
43. Teal, F. (2000), 'Real Wages and the Demand for Skilled and Unskilled Male Labor in Ghana's Manufacturing Sector: 1991-1995 ', Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 61, pp. 447-61.
44. Teal, F. (2001), 'Education, Incomes, Poverty and Inequality in Ghana in the 1990s ', Centre for the Study of African Economies, Working Paper 01-21, Oxford University.
45. Terrel, K. and J. Svejnar (1990), 'How Industry-labor Relations and Government Policies After Senegal's Economic Performance ', Policy Research Working Paper Series 271, World Bank.
46. Thomas, M. and L. Vallée (1996), 'Labor Market Segmentation in Cameroonian Manufacturing ', Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 876-98.
47. United States International Trade Commission (USITC) (2004), Textiles and Apparel: Assessment of the Competitiveness of Certain Foreign Suppliers to the U.S. Market, Publication 3671, USITC, Washington DC.
48. Velenchik, A. (1997), 'Market Power, Firm Performance and Real Wage Growth in Zimbabwean Manufacturing ', World Development, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 749-62.
49. Vijverberg, W. and J. van der Gaag (1990), 'Testing for Labor Market Duality: The Private Sector Wage in Côte d'Ivoire ', LSMS Working Paper No. 66, World Bank, Washington DC.
50. Wood, A. and J. Mayer (1998), 'Africa's Export Structure in a Comparative Perspective ', Study No. 4, African Development in a Comparative Perspective, UNCTAD, Geneva.
51. World Bank (1993), Kenya: Growth and Structural Change.
52. World Bank (1994), Adjustment in Africa: Reforms, Results and the Road Ahead, Oxford University Press.
53. World Bank (1995), World Development Report 1995: Workers in an Integrating World, Oxford University Press.