Botulism: The challenge of diagnosis and treatment

Reviews in Neurological Diseases

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 182-189

  Brook, Itzhak ^a  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Botulinum toxin; Clostridium botulinum; Foodborne botulism; Spores; Wound botulism

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE; ANTITOXIN; BOTULINUM ANTISERUM; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; GENTAMICIN; GUANIDINE; PENICILLIN G; TOBRAMYCIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BOTULISM; CLOSTRIDIUM BARATII; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; CLOSTRIDIUM BUTYRICUM; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; FLACCID PARALYSIS; HUMAN; IATROGENIC DISEASE; INTENSIVE CARE; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; NEUROTOXICITY; PARALYSIS; RARE DISEASE; REVIEW; SYNDROME DELINEATION;

BOTULINUM TOXINS; BOTULISM; HUMANS; INFANT;

EID: 33845962610     PISSN: 15452913     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Shapiro RL, Hatheway C, Swerdlow, DL. Botulism in the United States: a clinical and epidemiologic review. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 129:221-228.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Jajosky RA, Hall PA, Adams DA, et al. Summary of notifiable diseases-United States, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006; 53:1-79.
3. Smith LDS. The occurrence of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani in the soil of the U.S. Health Lab Sci. 1978;15:74-80.
4. Oguma K, Yokota K, Hayashi S, et al. Infant botulism due to Clostridium botulinum type C toxin. Lancet. 1990;336:1449-1450.
5. Aureli P, Fenicia L, Pasolini B, et al. Two cases of type E infant botulism caused by neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum in Italy. J Infect Dis. 1986;154:207-211.
6. McCroskey L, Hatheway C, Fenicia L, et al. Characterization of an organism that produces type E botulinal toxin but which resembles Clostridium butyricum from the feces of an infant with type E botulism. J Clin Microbiol. 1986;23:201-202.
7. Hall J, McCroskey L, Pincomb B, Hatheway CL. Isolation of an organism resembling Clostridium berati which produces type F botulinal toxin from an infant with botulism. J Clin Microbiol. 1985;21:654-655.
8. Hoffman R, Pincomb B, Skeels M, et al. Type F infant botulism. Am J Dis Child. 1982;136:270-271.
9. Franciosa G, Ferreira JL, Hatheway CL. Detection of type A, B, and E botulism neurotoxin genes in Clostridium botulinum and other Clostridium species by PCR: evidence of unexpressed type B toxin genes in type A toxigenic organisms. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32:1911-1916.
10. Horowitz BZ. Botulinum toxin. Crit Care Clin. 2005;21:825-839.
11. Brin MF. Botulinum toxin: chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and immunology. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;6:S146-S168.
12. Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV, et al. Botulism toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. 2001;285:1059-1070.
13. Lew MF. Review of the FDA-approved uses of botulinum toxins, including data suggesting efficacy in pain reduction. Clin J Pain. 2002; 18(6 suppl):S142-S146.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Botulism in the United States, 1899-1996, handbook for epidemiologists, clinicians and laboratory workers. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 1998.
15. Meyer K. The protective measures of the state of California against botulism. Am J Prev Med. 1931;5:261-293.
16. Paton JC, Lawrence AJ, Steven IM. Quantities of Clostridium botulinum organisms and toxin in feces and presence of Clostridium botulinum toxin in the serum of an infant with botulism. J Clin Microbiol. 1983;17:13-15.
17. International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods. Clostridium botulinum. In: Micro-organisms in Foods 5: Characteristics of Miaobial Pathogens. New York: Blackie Academic & Professional; 1996:68-111.
18. Cengiz M, Yilmaz M, Dosemeci L, Ramazanoglu A. A botulism outbreak from roasted canned mushrooms. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2006;25:273-278.
19. Gangarosa EA. Botulism in the US, 1899-1969. Am J Epidemiol. 1971;93:93-101.
20. Sobel J, Tucker N, Sulka A, et al. Foodborne botulism in the United States, 1990-2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:1606-1611.
21. Sobel J. Botulism. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;15;41:1167-1173.
22. Lindstrom M, Korkeala H. Laboratory diagnostics of botulism. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19:298-314.
23. Varma JK, Katsitadze G, Moiscrafishvili M, et al. Signs and symptoms predictive of death in patients with foodborne botulism-Republic of Georgia, 1980-2002. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:357-362.
24. Cherington M. Botulism: update and review. Semin Neurol. 2004;24:155-163.
25. Jones RG, Corbel MJ, Sesardic D. A review of WHO International Standards for botulinum antitoxins. Biologicals. 2006;34:223-226.
26. Metzger JF, Lewis GE Jr. Human-derived immune globulins for the treatment of botulism. Rev Infect Dis. 1979;1:689-692.
27. Dock M, Ben Ali A, Karras A, et al. Treatment of severe botulism with 3,4-diaminopyridine. Presse Med. 2002;31:601-602.
28. Mechem CC, Walter FG. Wound botulism. Vet Hum Toxicol 1994;36:233-237.
29. Chia JK, Clark JB, Ryan CA, Pollack M. Botulism in an adult associated with food-borne intestinal infection with Clostridium botulinum. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:239-254.
30. Arnon S. Botulism as an intestinal toxemia. In: Blaser MJ, Smith PD, Ravdin JI, et al, ed. Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract. New York: Raven Press; 1995:257-271.
31. Passaro DJ, Werner SB, McGee J, et al. Wound botulism associated with black tar heroin among injecting drug users. JAMA. 1998;279:859-863.
32. Werner SB, Passaro DJ, McGee J, et al. Wound botulism in California, 1951-1998: a recent epidemic in heroin injectors. Clin Infect Dis, 2000;31:1018-1024.
33. Santos JI, Swensen P, Glasgow LA. Potentiation of Clostridium botulinum toxin aminoglycoside antibiotics: clinical and laboratory observations. Pediatrics. 1981;68:50-54.
34. Keller MA, Miller VH, Berkowitz CD, Yoshimori RN. Wound botulism in pediatrics. Am J Dis Child. 1982;136:320-322.
35. Fenicia L, Franciosa G, Pourshaban M, Aureli P. Intestinal toxemia botulism in two young people, caused by Clostridium butyricum type E. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1381-1387.
36. Griffin PM, Hatheway CL, Rosenbaum RB, Sokolow R. Endogenous antibody production to botulinum toxin in an adult with intestinal colonization botulism and underlying Crohn's disease. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:633-637.
37. Middlebrook JL, Franz DR. Botulinum toxins. In: Sidell FR, Takafuji TE, Franz DR, eds. Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Washington, DC: Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center; 1997:643-654.
38. Bakheit AM, Ward CD, McLellan DL. Generalized botulism-like syndrome after intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin type A: a report of two cases [letter]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997;62:198.
39. Long SS. Infant botulism. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:707-709.
40. Long SS, Gajewski JL, Brown LW, Gilligan PH. Clinical, laboratory, and environmental features of infant botulism in Southeastern Pennsylvania. Pediatrics. 1985;75:935-941.
41. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infant botulism-New York City, 2001-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:21-24.