Ontogeny of swim performance and mechanics in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 209, Issue 23, 2006, Pages 4724-4731

  Noren, Shawn R ^a,b   Biedenbach, George ^c   Edwards, Elizabeth F ^a  

^a SOUTHWEST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Dolphin Quest   (United States)

Author keywords

Calf; Cetacean; Dolphin; Kinematics; Mechanics; Odontocete; Ontogeny; Performance; Swimming; Tursiops truncatus

Indexed keywords

AGING; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN; FEMALE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; SWIMMING;

AGING; ANIMALS; BIOMECHANICS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHIN; FEMALE; MALE; SWIMMING;

CETACEA; TURSIOPS; TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS;

EID: 33845961951     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02566     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Bainbridge, R. (1958). The speed of swimming of fish as related to size and to the frequency and amplitude of the tail beat. J. Exp. Biol. 35, 109-133.
2. Beamish, F. W. H. (1978). Swimming capacity. In Fish Physiology. Vol. VIII (ed. W. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall), pp. 101-187. New York: Academic Press.
3. Bonner, J. T. (1965). Size and Cycle: An Essay on the Structure of Biology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
4. Carrier, D. R. (1996). Ontogenetic limits on locomotor performance. Physiol. Zool. 69, 467-488.
5. Cockcroft, V. G. and Ross, G. J. B. (1990). Observations on the early development of a captive bottlenose dolphin calf. In The Bottlenose Dolphin (ed. S. Leatherwood and R. R. Reeves), pp. 401-478. San Diego: Academic Press.
6. Dearolf, J. L., McLellan, W. A., Dillaman, R. M., Frierson, D., Jr and Pabst, D. A. (2000). Precocial development of axial locomotor muscle in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). J. Morphol. 244, 203-215.
7. Domenici, P. (2001). The scaling of locomotor performance in predator-prey encounters: from fish to killer whales. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 131A, 169-182.
8. Domenici, P. and Blake, R. W. (1993). The effect of size on the kinematics and performance of angelfish (Pterophyllum eimekei) escape responses. J. Can. Zool. 71, 2319-2326.
9. Dunkin, R. C., McLellan, W. A., Blum, J. E. and Pabst, D. A. (2005). The ontogenetic changes in the thermal properties of blubber from Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 1469-1480.
10. Etnier, S. A., Dearolf, J. L., McLellan, W. A. and Pabst, D. A. (2003). Postural role of lateral axial muscles in developing bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 271, 909-918.
11. Fish, F. E. (1993). Power output and propulsive efficiency of swimming bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). J. Exp. Biol. 185, 179-193.
12. Fish, F. E. (1998). Comparative kinematics and hydrodynamics of odontocete cetaceans: morphological and ecological correlates with swimming performance. J. Exp. Biol. 201, 2867-2877.
13. Fish, F. E. and Hui, C. A. (1991). Dolphin swimming - a review. Mamm. Rev. 21, 181-195.
14. Fish, F. E. and Rohr, J. J. (1999). Review of dolphin hydrodynamics and swimming performance. (Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command Technical Report 1801). San Diego. http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sti/ publications/pubs/tr/1801/tr1801.pdf.
15. Fish, F. E., Peacock, J. E. and Rohr, J. J. (2003). Stabilization mechanism in swimming odontocete cetaceans by phased movements. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 19, 515-528.
16. Fuiman, L. A. and Webb, P. W. (1988). Ontogeny of routine swimming activity and performance in zebra danios (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Anim. Behav. 36, 50-261.
17. Gubbins, C., McCowan, B., Lynn, S. K., Hooper, S. and Reiss, D. (1999). Mother-infant spatial relations in captive bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 15, 751-765.
18. Hale, M. (1999). Locomotor mechanics during early life history: effects of size and ontogeny on fast-start performance of salmonid fishes. J. Exp. Biol. 202, 1465-1479.
19. Herrel, A. and Gibb, A. C. (2005). Ontogeny of performance in vertebrates. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 79, 1-6.
20. Hill, A. V. (1950). The dimensions of animals and their muscular dynamics. Sci. Prog. 38, 209-230.
21. Hochachka, P. W. and Storey, K. B. (1975). Metabolic consequences of diving in animals and man. Science 187, 613-621.
22. Hunter, J. R. (1972). Swimming and feeding behavior of larval anchovy Engraulis mordax. Fish. Bull. 70, 821-838.
23. Kooyman, G. L. and Ponganis, P. J. (1998). The physiological basis for diving at depth: birds and mammals. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 60, 19-32.
24. Lang, T. G. (1975). Speed, power, and drag measurements of dolphins and porpoises. In Swimming and Flying in Nature. Vol. 2 (ed. T. Y. Wu, C. J. Brokaw and C. Brennen), pp. 553-571. New York: Plenum Press.
25. Lighthill, M. J. (1969). Hydrodynamics of aquatic animal propulsion. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1, 413-446.
26. Mann, J. (1997). Individual differences in bottlenose dolphin infants. Fam. Syst. 4, 35-49.
27. McBride, A. F. and Kritzler, H. (1951). Observations on pregnancy, parturition, and post-natal behavior in the bottlenose dolphin. J. Mamm. 32, 251-266.
28. McHenry, M. J. and Jed, J. (2003). The ontogenic scaling of hydrodynamics and swimming performance in jellyfish (Aurelia aurita). J. Exp. Biol. 206, 4125-4137.
29. Noren, S. R. (2004). Muscle acid buffering capacities in cetaceans: influences of diving performance, swimming performance, body size, and postpartum development. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 20, 808-822.
30. Noren, S. R. and Edwards, E. F. (2006). Physiological and behavioral development in dolphin calves: implications for calf separation and mortality due to tuna purse-seine sets. Mar. Mamm. Sci. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00083.x.
31. Noren, S. R., Williams, T. M., Pabst, D. A., McLellan, B. and Dearolf, J. (2001). The development of diving in marine endotherms: preparing the skeletal muscles of dolphins, penguins, and seals for activity during submergence. J. Comp. Physiol. B 171, 127-134.
32. Noren, S. R., Lacave, G., Wells, R. S. and Williams, T. M. (2002). The development of blood oxygen stores in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): implications for diving capacity. J. Zool. Lond. 258, 105-113.
33. Noren, S. R., Cuccurullo, V. and Williams, T. M. (2004). The development of diving bradycardia in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). J. Comp. Physiol. B 174, 139-147.
34. Norris, K. S. and Prescott, J. H. (1961). Observations on Pacific cetaceans of Californian and Mexican waters. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 63, 291-402.
35. Osse, J. W. M. and van den Boogaart, J. G. M. (2000). Body size and swimming types in carp larvae: effects of being small. Neth. J. Zool. 50, 233-244.
36. Rohr, J. R. and Fish, F. E. (2004). Strouhal numbers and optimization of swimming by odontocete cetaceans. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 1633-1642.
37. Rohr, J. J., Fish, F. E. and Gilpatrick, J. W., Jr (2002). Maximum swim speeds of captive and free-ranging delphinids: critical analysis of extraordinary performance. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 18, 1-19.
38. Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1984). Scaling: Why is Animal Size so Important? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. Skrovan, R. C., Williams, T. M., Berry, P. S. and Moore, P. W. (1999). The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). II. Biomechanics and changes in buoyancy at depth. J. Exp. Biol. 202, 2749-2761.
40. Tavolga, M. C. and Essapian, F. S. (1957). The behavior of the bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): mating, pregnancy, parturition and mother-infant behavior. Zoologica 42, 11-31.
41. Taylor, C. R., Schmidt-Nielsen, K. and Raab, J. L. (1970). Scaling of energetic cost of running to body size in mammals. Am. J. Physiol. 219, 1104-1107.
42. Taylor, C. R., Heglund, N. C. and Maloiy, G. M. O. (1982). Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. I. Metabolic energy consumption as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammals. J. Exp. Biol. 97, 1-21.
43. Vock, R., Weibel, E. R., Hoppeler, H., Ordway, G., Weber, J. M. and Taylor, C. R. (1996). Design of the oxygen and substrate pathways. V. Structural basis of vascular substrate supply to muscle cells. J. Exp. Biol. 199, 1675-1688.
44. Wardle, C. S. (1975). Limits of fish swimming speed. Nature 255, 725-727.
45. Ware, D. M. (1978). Bioenergetics of pelagic fish: theoretical change in swimming speed and ration with weight. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35, 220-228.
46. Webb, P. (1975). Hydrodynamics and energetics of fish propulsion. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 190, 1-158.
47. Weihs, D. (2004). The hydrodynamics of dolphin drafting. J. Biol. 3, 1-23.
48. Williams, T. M. (2001). Intermittent swimming by mammals: a strategy for increasing energetic efficiency during diving. Am. Zool. 41, 166-176.
49. Williams, T. M., Friedl, W. A., Fong, M. L., Yamada, R. M., Sedivy, P. and Haun, J. E. (1992). Travel at low energetic cost by swimming and wave-riding bottlenose dolphins. Nature 335, 821-823.
50. Wu, T. Y. (1977). Introduction to the scaling of aquatic animal locomotion. In Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion (ed. T. J. Pedley), pp. 203-232. London: Academic Press.