Fate of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in the Norwegian aquatic environment over winter

Microbial Ecology

Volumn 52, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 597-602

  Robertson, L J ^a   Gjerde, B K ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FRESH WATER;

AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CYST; ENDOPARASITE; FREEZING; INFECTIVITY; MORPHOLOGY; SURVIVAL; VIABILITY; WINTER;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; GIARDIA; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; METABOLISM; NORWAY; OOCYST; PARASITOLOGY; SEASON; TEMPERATURE; WATER POLLUTANT;

ANIMALS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; FRESH WATER; GIARDIA; NORWAY; OOCYSTS; SEASONS; TEMPERATURE; WATER POLLUTANTS;

EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTHERN EUROPE; NORWAY; SCANDINAVIA;

CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; GIARDIA;

EID: 33845958177     PISSN: 00953628     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-006-9005-4     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Campbell, AT, Robertson, LJ, Smith, HV (1992) Viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts: correlation of in vitro excystation with inclusion or exclusion of fluorogenic vital dyes. Appl Environ Microbiol 58: 3488-3493
2. Fayer, R, Nerad, T (1996) Effects of low temperatures on viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Appl Environ Microbiol 62: 1431-1433
3. Fayer, R, Trout, JM, Jenkins, MC (1998) Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts stored in water at environmental temperatures. J Parasitol 84: 1165-1169
4. Jenkins, MB, Walker, MJ, Bowman, DD, Anthony, LC, Ghiorse, WC (1999) Use of a sentinel system for field measurements of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst inactivation in soil and animal waste. Appl Environ Microbiol 65: 1998-2005
5. Robertson, LJ (2005) Drikkevann: Giardia-utbruddet i Bergen - en vekker for oss alle. Hva vi vet om parasittene og hvor de stammer fra. [Drinking water: the Giardia outbreak in Bergen - a wake-up call for us all. What we know about the parasites and where they originate from.] Vann 2: 193-202
6. Robertson, LJ, Campbell, AT, Smith, HV (1992) Survival of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum under various environmental pressures. Appl Environ Microbiol 58: 3494-3500
7. Robertson, LJ, Campbell, AT, Smith, HV (1998) Viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts; assessment by the dye permeability assay. Appl Environ Microbiol 64: 3544-3545
8. Robertson, LJ, Gjerde, B (2001) Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in raw waters in Norway. Scand J Public Health 29: 200-207
9. Robertson, LJ, Gjerde, B (2004) Effect of the Norwegian winter environment on Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. Microb Ecol 47: 359-365
10. Robertson, L, Gjerde, B, Hermansen, L, Hamnes, IS (2004) Epidemiological investigation of infection with Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Norway, by analysis of sewage influent. International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference, Amsterdam, September 2004, p 091
11. Robertson, LJ, Hermansen, L, Gjerde, BK, Strand, E, Alvsvåg, JO, Langeland N (2006) Application of genotyping during an extensive outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in Bergen, Norway during autumn/winter 2004. Appl Environ Microbiol 72(3)
12. Tveit, I, Søbstad, Ø, Kalland, I, Seim, A, Arnesen, RØ, Fennell, P (2005) Giardia-utbruddet i Bergen. Bergen Kommune and Mattilsnet, Norway. [On-line] http://www.bergen.kommune.no/info/
13. Walker, KJ, Leddy, K, Hagar, E (2001) Effects of combined water potential and temperature stresses on Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Appl Environ Microbiol 67: 5526-5529