메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 249-260

Noninvasive population genetics: A review of sample source, diet, fragment length and microsatellite motif effects on amplification success and genotyping error rates

Author keywords

Allelic dropout; Amplification success; Genotyping errors; Low DNA; Noninvasive

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION; DIET; GENETIC MARKER; GENOTYPE; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; POPULATION GENETICS;

EID: 33845957681     PISSN: 15660621     EISSN: 15729737     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10592-006-9146-5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (213)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0042206773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using faecal DNA sampling and GIS to monitor hybridization between red wolves (Canis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans)
    • Adams JR, Kelly BT, Waits LP (2003) Using faecal DNA sampling and GIS to monitor hybridization between red wolves (Canis rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans). Mol Ecol 12:2175-2186
    • (2003) Mol Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 2175-2186
    • Adams, J.R.1    Kelly, B.T.2    Waits, L.P.3
  • 3
    • 0006582613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the reliability of microsatellite typing from faecal DNA in the savannah baboon
    • Bayes MK, Smith KL, Alberts SC, Altmann J, Bruford MW (2000) Testing the reliability of microsatellite typing from faecal DNA in the savannah baboon. Conserv Genet 1:173-176
    • (2000) Conserv Genet , vol.1 , pp. 173-176
    • Bayes, M.K.1    Smith, K.L.2    Alberts, S.C.3    Altmann, J.4    Bruford, M.W.5
  • 4
    • 0036897761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • False alleles derived from microbial DNA pose a potential source of error in microsatellite genotyping of DNA from faeces
    • Bradley BJ, Vigilant L (2002) False alleles derived from microbial DNA pose a potential source of error in microsatellite genotyping of DNA from faeces. Mol Ecol Notes 2002:602-605
    • (2002) Mol Ecol Notes 2002 , pp. 602-605
    • Bradley, B.J.1    Vigilant, L.2
  • 5
    • 0043141433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and redesign of human microsatellite markers for genotyping wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) DNA from feces
    • Bradley BJ, Boesch C, Vigilant L (2000) Identification and redesign of human microsatellite markers for genotyping wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) DNA from feces. Conserv Genet 1:289-292
    • (2000) Conserv Genet , vol.1 , pp. 289-292
    • Bradley, B.J.1    Boesch, C.2    Vigilant, L.3
  • 6
    • 7044241290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying genotyping errors in noninvasive population genetics
    • Broquet T, Petit E (2004) Quantifying genotyping errors in noninvasive population genetics. Mol Ecol 13:3601-3608
    • (2004) Mol Ecol , vol.13 , pp. 3601-3608
    • Broquet, T.1    Petit, E.2
  • 8
  • 11
    • 0033137133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable noninvasive genotyping based on excremental PCR of nuclear DNA purified with a magnetic bead protocol
    • Flagstad Ø, Røed K, Stacy JE, Jakobsen KS (1999) Reliable noninvasive genotyping based on excremental PCR of nuclear DNA purified with a magnetic bead protocol. Mol Ecol 8:879-883
    • (1999) Mol Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 879-883
    • Flagstad, O.1    Røed, K.2    Stacy, J.E.3    Jakobsen, K.S.4
  • 14
    • 0030914930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Furtive mating in female chimpanzees
    • Gagneux P (1997) Furtive mating in female chimpanzees. Nature 387:358-359
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 358-359
    • Gagneux, P.1
  • 15
    • 0028830011 scopus 로고
    • Amplification of hypervariable simple sequence repeats (microsatellites) from excremental DNA of wild living bonobos (Pan paniscus)
    • Gerloff U, Schlötterer C, Rassmann K, Rambold I, Hohmann G, Fruth B, Tautz D (1995) Amplification of hypervariable simple sequence repeats (microsatellites) from excremental DNA of wild living bonobos (Pan paniscus). Mol Ecol 4:515-518
    • (1995) Mol Ecol , vol.4 , pp. 515-518
    • Gerloff, U.1    Schlötterer, C.2    Rassmann, K.3    Rambold, I.4    Hohmann, G.5    Fruth, B.6    Tautz, D.7
  • 16
    • 0000762468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-samples, multi-extracts approach for microsatellite analysis of faecal samples in an arboreal ape
    • Goossens B, Chikhi L, Utami SS, Ruiter de J, Bruford MW (2000) A multi-samples, multi-extracts approach for microsatellite analysis of faecal samples in an arboreal ape. Conserv Genet 1:157-162
    • (2000) Conserv Genet , vol.1 , pp. 157-162
    • Goossens, B.1    Chikhi, L.2    Utami, S.S.3    Ruiter de, J.4    Bruford, M.W.5
  • 17
    • 0032170154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plucked hair samples as a source of DNA: Reliability of dinucleotide microsatellite genotyping
    • Goossens B, Waits LP, Taberlet P (1998) Plucked hair samples as a source of DNA: reliability of dinucleotide microsatellite genotyping. Mol Ecol 7:1237-1241
    • (1998) Mol Ecol , vol.7 , pp. 1237-1241
    • Goossens, B.1    Waits, L.P.2    Taberlet, P.3
  • 18
    • 13444282592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite genotyping errors: Detection approaches, common sources and consequences for paternal exclusion
    • Hoffman JI, Amos W (2005) Microsatellite genotyping errors: detection approaches, common sources and consequences for paternal exclusion. Mol Ecol 14:599-612
    • (2005) Mol Ecol , vol.14 , pp. 599-612
    • Hoffman, J.I.1    Amos, W.2
  • 20
    • 0142153965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotyping herbivore feces facilitating their further analyses
    • Huber S, Bruns U, Arnold W (2003) Genotyping herbivore feces facilitating their further analyses. Wildlife Soc Bull 31: 692-697
    • (2003) Wildlife Soc Bull , vol.31 , pp. 692-697
    • Huber, S.1    Bruns, U.2    Arnold, W.3
  • 21
    • 1642566648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faeces as a source of DNA for molecular studies in a threatened population of great bustards
    • Idaghdour Y, Broderick D, Korrida A (2003) Faeces as a source of DNA for molecular studies in a threatened population of great bustards. Conserv Genet 4:789-792
    • (2003) Conserv Genet , vol.4 , pp. 789-792
    • Idaghdour, Y.1    Broderick, D.2    Korrida, A.3
  • 22
    • 0029240365 scopus 로고
    • Conservation genetics of the European brown bear - a study using excremental PCR of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences
    • Kohn M, Knauer F, Stoffella A, Schröder W, Pääbo S (1995) Conservation genetics of the European brown bear - a study using excremental PCR of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences. Mol Ecol 4:95-103
    • (1995) Mol Ecol , vol.4 , pp. 95-103
    • Kohn, M.1    Knauer, F.2    Stoffella, A.3    Schröder, W.4    Pääbo, S.5
  • 24
    • 0032168989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium distributions of microsatellite repeat length resulting from a balance between slippage events and point mutations
    • Kruglyak S, Durrett RT, Schug MD, Aquadro CF (1998) Equilibrium distributions of microsatellite repeat length resulting from a balance between slippage events and point mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:10774-10778
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 10774-10778
    • Kruglyak, S.1    Durrett, R.T.2    Schug, M.D.3    Aquadro, C.F.4
  • 25
    • 0035161128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the reliability of noninvasive genetic sampling by comparing analyses of blood and fecal samples in Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus)
    • Lathuillière M, Ménard N, Gautier-Hion A, Crouau-Roy B (2001) Testing the reliability of noninvasive genetic sampling by comparing analyses of blood and fecal samples in Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Am J Primatol 55:151-158
    • (2001) Am J Primatol , vol.55 , pp. 151-158
    • Lathuillière, M.1    Ménard, N.2    Gautier-Hion, A.3    Crouau-Roy, B.4
  • 26
    • 0031806555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amplification of microsatellites adapted from human systems in faecal DNA of wild Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus)
    • Launhardt K, Epplen C, Epplen JT, Winkler P (1998) Amplification of microsatellites adapted from human systems in faecal DNA of wild Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus). Electrophoresis 19: 1356-1461
    • (1998) Electrophoresis , vol.19 , pp. 1356-1461
    • Launhardt, K.1    Epplen, C.2    Epplen, J.T.3    Winkler, P.4
  • 27
    • 0035999365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive molecular tracking of colonizing wolf (Canis lupus) packs in the western Italian Alps
    • Lucchini V, Fabbri E, Marucco F, Ricci S, Boitani L, Randi E (2002) Noninvasive molecular tracking of colonizing wolf (Canis lupus) packs in the western Italian Alps. Mol Ecol 11:857-868
    • (2002) Mol Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 857-868
    • Lucchini, V.1    Fabbri, E.2    Marucco, F.3    Ricci, S.4    Boitani, L.5    Randi, E.6
  • 28
    • 0037390005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The history of effective population size and genetic diversity in the Yellowstone grizzly (Ursus arctos): Implications for conservation
    • Miller CR, Waits LP (2003) The history of effective population size and genetic diversity in the Yellowstone grizzly (Ursus arctos): implications for conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4334-4339
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 4334-4339
    • Miller, C.R.1    Waits, L.P.2
  • 29
    • 0036160390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing allelic dropout and genotype reliability using maximum likelihood
    • Miller CR, Joyce P, Waits LP (2002) Assessing allelic dropout and genotype reliability using maximum likelihood. Genetics 160:357-266
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.160 , pp. 357-266
    • Miller, C.R.1    Joyce, P.2    Waits, L.P.3
  • 31
    • 0034915201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA from noninvasive samples for accurate microsatellite genotyping of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)
    • Morin PA, Chambers KE, Boesch C, Vigilant L (2001) Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA from noninvasive samples for accurate microsatellite genotyping of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). Mol Ecol 10:1835-1844
    • (2001) Mol Ecol , vol.10 , pp. 1835-1844
    • Morin, P.A.1    Chambers, K.E.2    Boesch, C.3    Vigilant, L.4
  • 32
    • 0033964212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating population size of grizzly bears using hair capture, DNA profiling, and mark-recapture analysis
    • Mowat G, Strobeck C (2000) Estimating population size of grizzly bears using hair capture, DNA profiling, and mark-recapture analysis. J Wildlife Manage 64:183-193
    • (2000) J Wildlife Manage , vol.64 , pp. 183-193
    • Mowat, G.1    Strobeck, C.2
  • 33
    • 0034503404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative evaluation of fecal drying methods for brown bear DNA analysis
    • Murphy MA, Waits LP, Kendall KC (2000) Quantitative evaluation of fecal drying methods for brown bear DNA analysis. Wildlife Soc Bull 28:951-957
    • (2000) Wildlife Soc Bull , vol.28 , pp. 951-957
    • Murphy, M.A.1    Waits, L.P.2    Kendall, K.C.3
  • 34
    • 0036032486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of long-term preservation methods for brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA samples
    • Murphy MA, Waits LP, Kendall KC, Wasser SK, Higbee JA, Bogden R (2002) An evaluation of long-term preservation methods for brown bear (Ursus arctos) faecal DNA samples. Conserv Genet 3:435-440
    • (2002) Conserv Genet , vol.3 , pp. 435-440
    • Murphy, M.A.1    Waits, L.P.2    Kendall, K.C.3    Wasser, S.K.4    Higbee, J.A.5    Bogden, R.6
  • 35
    • 0042206743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of diet on faecal DNA amplification and sex identification in brown bears (Ursus arctos)
    • Murphy MA, Waits LP, Kendall KC (2003) The influence of diet on faecal DNA amplification and sex identification in brown bears (Ursus arctos). Mol Ecol 12:2261-2265
    • (2003) Mol Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 2261-2265
    • Murphy, M.A.1    Waits, L.P.2    Kendall, K.C.3
  • 36
    • 0036694021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social system of the Alaotran Gentle Lemur (Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis): Genetic characterization of group composition and mating system
    • Nievergelt CM, Mutschler T, Feistner ATC, Woodruff DS (2002) Social system of the Alaotran Gentle Lemur (Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis): genetic characterization of group composition and mating system. Am J Primatol 57:157-176
    • (2002) Am J Primatol , vol.57 , pp. 157-176
    • Nievergelt, C.M.1    Mutschler, T.2    Feistner, A.T.C.3    Woodruff, D.S.4
  • 37
    • 0038379004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical exploration of data quality in DNA-based population inventories
    • Paetkau D (2003) An empirical exploration of data quality in DNA-based population inventories. Mol Ecol 12:1375-1387
    • (2003) Mol Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 1375-1387
    • Paetkau, D.1
  • 38
    • 0036792694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faecal genetic analysis to determine the presence and distribution of elusive carnivores: Design and feasibility for the Iberian lynx
    • Palomares F, Godoy JA, Piriz A, O'Brien SJ, Johnson WE (2002) Faecal genetic analysis to determine the presence and distribution of elusive carnivores: design and feasibility for the Iberian lynx. Mol Ecol 11:2171-2182
    • (2002) Mol Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 2171-2182
    • Palomares, F.1    Godoy, J.A.2    Piriz, A.3    O'Brien, S.J.4    Johnson, W.E.5
  • 39
    • 0036402267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of comparative data using generalized estimating equations
    • Paradis E, Claude J (2002) Analysis of comparative data using generalized estimating equations. J Theor Biol, 218:175-185
    • (2002) J Theor Biol , vol.218 , pp. 175-185
    • Paradis, E.1    Claude, J.2
  • 40
    • 33845944194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradis E, Strimmer K, Claude J, Gangolf J, Opgen-Rhein R, Dutheil J, Noel Y, Bolker B (2005) ape: Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution. R package version 1.8
    • Paradis E, Strimmer K, Claude J, Gangolf J, Opgen-Rhein R, Dutheil J, Noel Y, Bolker B (2005) ape: Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution. R package version 1.8
  • 41
    • 0012561374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable microsatellite genotyping of dolphin DNA from faeces
    • Parsons KM (2001) Reliable microsatellite genotyping of dolphin DNA from faeces. Mol Ecol 1:341-344
    • (2001) Mol Ecol , vol.1 , pp. 341-344
    • Parsons, K.M.1
  • 42
    • 0037692833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote collection of animal DNA and its applications in conservation management and understanding the population biology of rare and cryptic species
    • Piggott MP, Taylor AC (2003) Remote collection of animal DNA and its applications in conservation management and understanding the population biology of rare and cryptic species. Wildlife Res 30:1-13
    • (2003) Wildlife Res , vol.30 , pp. 1-13
    • Piggott, M.P.1    Taylor, A.C.2
  • 43
    • 0031105089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular scatology: The use of molecular genetic analysis to assign species, sex and individual identity to seal faeces
    • Reed JZ, Tollit DJ, Thompson PM, Amos W (1997) Molecular scatology: the use of molecular genetic analysis to assign species, sex and individual identity to seal faeces. Mol Ecol 6:225-234
    • (1997) Mol Ecol , vol.6 , pp. 225-234
    • Reed, J.Z.1    Tollit, D.J.2    Thompson, P.M.3    Amos, W.4
  • 44
    • 0037346357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative evaluation of two methods for preserving hair samples
    • Roon DA, Waits LP, Kendall KC (2003) A quantitative evaluation of two methods for preserving hair samples. Mol Ecol Notes 3:163-166
    • (2003) Mol Ecol Notes , vol.3 , pp. 163-166
    • Roon, D.A.1    Waits, L.P.2    Kendall, K.C.3
  • 45
    • 0242485246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite amplification from museum feather samples: Effects of fragment size and template concentration on genotyping errors
    • Sefc KM, Payne RB, Sorenson MD (2003) Microsatellite amplification from museum feather samples: effects of fragment size and template concentration on genotyping errors. Auk 120:982-989
    • (2003) Auk , vol.120 , pp. 982-989
    • Sefc, K.M.1    Payne, R.B.2    Sorenson, M.D.3
  • 46
    • 0033832465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly reliable genetic identification of individual northern hairy-nosed wombats from single remotely collected hairs: A feasible censusing method
    • Sloane MA, Sunnucks P, Alpers D, Beheregaray LB, Taylor AC (2000) Highly reliable genetic identification of individual northern hairy-nosed wombats from single remotely collected hairs: a feasible censusing method. Mol Ecol 9:1233-1240
    • (2000) Mol Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 1233-1240
    • Sloane, M.A.1    Sunnucks, P.2    Alpers, D.3    Beheregaray, L.B.4    Taylor, A.C.5
  • 47
    • 0033862563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-species amplification, non-invasive genotyping, and non-mendelian inheritance of human STRPs in savannah baboons
    • Smith KL, Alberts SC, Bayes MK, Bruford MW, Altmann J, Ober C (2000) Cross-species amplification, non-invasive genotyping, and non-mendelian inheritance of human STRPs in savannah baboons. Am J Primatol 51:219-227
    • (2000) Am J Primatol , vol.51 , pp. 219-227
    • Smith, K.L.1    Alberts, S.C.2    Bayes, M.K.3    Bruford, M.W.4    Altmann, J.5    Ober, C.6
  • 48
    • 0032843676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive genetic sampling and individual identification
    • Taberlet P, Luikart G (1999) Non-invasive genetic sampling and individual identification. Biol J Linnean Soc 68:41-55
    • (1999) Biol J Linnean Soc , vol.68 , pp. 41-55
    • Taberlet, P.1    Luikart, G.2
  • 49
    • 0033178320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive genetic sampling: Look before you leap
    • Taberlet P, Waits LP, Luikart G (1999) Noninvasive genetic sampling: look before you leap. Trends Ecol Evol 14:323-327
    • (1999) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.14 , pp. 323-327
    • Taberlet, P.1    Waits, L.P.2    Luikart, G.3
  • 50
    • 0034526472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urine collected in the field as a source of DNA for species and individual identification
    • Valière N, Taberlet P (2000) Urine collected in the field as a source of DNA for species and individual identification. Mol Ecol 9:2150-2152
    • (2000) Mol Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 2150-2152
    • Valière, N.1    Taberlet, P.2
  • 51
    • 0036216844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GEMINI: Software for testing the effects of genotyping errors and multitubes approach for individual identification
    • Valière N, Berthier P, Mouchiroud D, Pontier D (2002) GEMINI: software for testing the effects of genotyping errors and multitubes approach for individual identification. Mol Ecol Notes 2:83-86
    • (2002) Mol Ecol Notes , vol.2 , pp. 83-86
    • Valière, N.1    Berthier, P.2    Mouchiroud, D.3    Pontier, D.4
  • 53
    • 0035712589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite genotypes of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus: Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) obtained from their feces
    • Vege S, McCracken GF (2001) Microsatellite genotypes of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus: Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) obtained from their feces. Acta Chiropterol 3:237-244
    • (2001) Acta Chiropterol , vol.3 , pp. 237-244
    • Vege, S.1    McCracken, G.F.2
  • 54
    • 0032711680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of techniques for the extraction and amplification of DNA from naturally shed hairs
    • Vigilant L (1999) An evaluation of techniques for the extraction and amplification of DNA from naturally shed hairs. Biol Chem 380: 1329-1331
    • (1999) Biol Chem , vol.380 , pp. 1329-1331
    • Vigilant, L.1
  • 55
    • 0036963785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical challenges in the microastellite genotyping of a wild chimpanzee population
    • Vigilant L (2002) Technical challenges in the microastellite genotyping of a wild chimpanzee population. Evol Anthropol Suppl 1:162-165
    • (2002) Evol Anthropol , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 162-165
    • Vigilant, L.1
  • 57
    • 0025923821 scopus 로고
    • Chelex 100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR based typing from forensic material
    • Walsh PS, Metzger DA, Higuchi R (1991) Chelex 100 as a medium for simple extraction of DNA for PCR based typing from forensic material. Biotechniques 10:506-513
    • (1991) Biotechniques , vol.10 , pp. 506-513
    • Walsh, P.S.1    Metzger, D.A.2    Higuchi, R.3
  • 58
    • 0031281788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques for application of faecal DNA methods to field studies of Ursids
    • Wasser SK, Houston CS, Koehler GM, Cadd GG, Fain SR (1997) Techniques for application of faecal DNA methods to field studies of Ursids. Mol Ecol 6:1091-1097
    • (1997) Mol Ecol , vol.6 , pp. 1091-1097
    • Wasser, S.K.1    Houston, C.S.2    Koehler, G.M.3    Cadd, G.G.4    Fain, S.R.5
  • 59
    • 0031760603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short allele dominance as a source of heterozygote deficiency at microsatellite loci: Experimental evidence at the dinucleotide locus Gv1CT in Gracilaria gracilis (Rhodophyta)
    • Wattier R, Engel CR, Saumitou-Laprade P, Valero M (1998) Short allele dominance as a source of heterozygote deficiency at microsatellite loci: experimental evidence at the dinucleotide locus Gv1CT in Gracilaria gracilis (Rhodophyta). Mol Ecol 7: 1569-1573
    • (1998) Mol Ecol , vol.7 , pp. 1569-1573
    • Wattier, R.1    Engel, C.R.2    Saumitou-Laprade, P.3    Valero, M.4
  • 60
    • 0032762418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of DNA extraction methods for PCR amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) DNA from primate fecal samples
    • Whittier CA, Dhar AK, Stem C, Goodall J, Alcivar-Warren A (1999) Comparison of DNA extraction methods for PCR amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) DNA from primate fecal samples. Biotechnol Techniq 13:771-779
    • (1999) Biotechnol Techniq , vol.13 , pp. 771-779
    • Whittier, C.A.1    Dhar, A.K.2    Stem, C.3    Goodall, J.4    Alcivar-Warren, A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.