Rhythmic characteristics of colloquial and formal tamil

Language and Speech

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 299-332

  Keane, Elinor ^a,b  

^a CHRIST CHURCH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Colloquial; Formal; Rhythm; Rhythmic measures; Tamil

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845950149     PISSN: 00238309     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/00238309060490030101     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. ABERCROMBIE, D. (1965). Studies in phonetics and linguistics. London: Oxford University Press.
2. ASHER, R. E. (1982). Tamil. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
3. ASHER, R. E., & ANNAMALAI, E. (2003). Colloquial Tamil. London: Routledge.
4. ASHER, R. E., & KEANE, E. L. (2005). Diphthongs in colloquial Tamil. In W. Hardcastle & J. Beck (Eds.), A figure of speech: A festschrift for John Laver (pp. 147-171). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5. BALASUBRAMANIAN, T. (1972). The phonetics of colloquial Tamil. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Edinburgh.
6. BALASUBRAMANIAN, T. (1980). Timing in Tamil. Journal of Phonetics, 8, 449-467.
7. BALASUBRAMANIAN, T. (1981). Duration of vowels in Tamil. Journal of Phonetics, 9, 151-161.
8. BALASUBRAMANIAN, T. (1982). Intervocalic double nasal and lateral consonant articulations in Tamil. Journal of Phonetics, 10, 99-104.
9. BALASUBRAMANIAN, T., & ASHER, R. E. (1984). Intervocalic plosives in Tamil. In J.-A. W. Higgs & R. Thelwall (Eds.), Topics in linguistic phonetics in honour of E. T. Uldall: Occasional Papers in Linguistics and Language Learning 9 (pp. 49-63). Coleraine, Northern Ireland: The New University of Ulster.
10. th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (pp. 2693-2696). Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
11. BARRY, W. J., & RUSSO, M. (2003). Measuring rhythm: Is it separable from speech rate? In A. Mettouchi & G. Ferré (Eds.), Actes de interfaces prosodiques (pp. 15-20). Nantes: Université Nantes.
12. BECKMAN, M. E. (1986). Stress and non-stress accent. Dordrecht: Foris.
13. BOLINGER, D. L. (1965). Forms of English: Accent, morpheme, order. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
14. BRITTO, F. (1986). Diglossia: A study of the theory with application to Tamil. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
15. BROWN, A. (1988). The staccato effect in the pronunciation of English in Malaysia and Singapore. In J. Foley (Ed.), New Englishes: The case of Singapore (pp. 115-128). Kent Ridge, Singapore: Singapore University Press.
16. th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (pp. 329-332). Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
17. DASHER, R., & BOLINGER, D. L. (1982). On pre-accentual lengthening. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 12, 58-69.
18. DAUER, R. M. (1983). Stress-timing and syllable-timing reanalyzed. Journal of Phonetics, 11, 51-62.
19. th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (pp. 447-450). Tallinn, Estonia: Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S. S. R.
20. DETERDING, D. (2001). The measurement of rhythm: A comparison of Singapore and British English. Journal of Phonetics, 29, 217-230.
21. th ed.). Madras: Christian Literature Society.
22. GRABE, E. (2002). Variation adds to prosodic typology. In B. Bel & I. Marlien (Eds.), Speech Prosody, 2002: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Speech Prosody (pp. 127-132). Aix-en-Provence: Laboratoire Parole et Langage.
23. GRABE, E., & LOW, E. L. (2002). Durational variability in speech and the rhythm class hypothesis. In C. Gussenhoven & N. Warner (Eds,). Laboratory phonology 7 (pp. 515-543). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
24. HAN, M. (1962). The feature of duration in Japanese. Study Sounds, 10, 65-75.
25. KARUNAKARAN, K., & JEYA, V. (1995). Language modernisation in Tamil with reference to modern use. In O. N. Koul (Ed.), Sociolinguistics: South Asian perspectives (pp. 138-144). New Delhi: Creative Books.
26. th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (pp. 1257-1260). Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
27. KEANE, E. L. (2006). Prominence in Tamil. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 36, 1-20.
28. KOCHANSKI, G., GRABE, E., COLEMAN, J. S., & ROSNER, B. (2005). Loudness predicts prominence: Fundamental frequency lends little. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118, 1038-1054.
29. KRISHNAMURTI, BH. (1998). Telugu. In S. B. Steever (Ed.), The Dravidian languages (pp.202-240). London: Routledge.
30. st ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
31. LEA, W. A. (1974). Prosodic aids to speech recognition: IV. A general strategy for prosodically-guided speech understanding (Univac Report No. PX10791). St. Paul, MN: Sperry Univac.
32. LEHISTE, I. (1977). Isochrony reconsidered. Journal of Phonetics, 5, 253-263.
33. LISKER. L. (1958). The Tamil occlusives: Short versus long or voiced versus voiceless? Indian Linguistics, 19, 294-301.
34. LISKER, L. (1972). On stops and gemination in Tamil. In V. Subramoniam (Ed.). Proceedings of the First Conference of Dravidian Linguists (pp. 174-179). Trivandrum, India: University of Kerala.
35. th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (pp. 636-639). Stockholm: KTH and Stockholm University.
36. LOW, E. L., GRABE, E., & NOLAN, F. (2000). Quantitative characteristics of speech rhythm: Syllable-timing in Singapore English. Language and Speech, 43, 377-401.
37. MARTHANDAN, C. R. (1983). Phonetics of casual Tamil. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of London.
38. NAZZI, T., BERTONCINI. J., & MEHLER, J. (1998). Language discrimination by newborns: Towards an understanding of the role of rhythm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 756-766.
39. NESPOR, M. (1990). On the rhythm parameter in phonology. In I. M. Roca (Ed.), Logical issues in language acquisition (pp. 157-175). Dordrecht: Foris.
40. OTAKE, T. HATANO, G., CUTLER, A., & MEHLER, J. (1993). Mora or syllable? Speech segmentation in Japanese. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 258-278.
41. PIKE, K. L. (1946). The intonation of American English. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
42. POINTON, G. E. (1980). Is Spanish really syllable-timed? Journal of Phonetics, 8, 293-304.
43. th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (pp.337-341). Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
44. RAMUS, F., & MEHLER, J. (1999). Language identification with suprasegmental cues: A study based on speech resynthesis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 105, 512-521.
45. RAMUS, F., NESPOR, M., & MEHLER, J. (1999). Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal. Cognition, 73, 265-292.
46. RAVISANKAR, G. (1994). Intonation patterns in Tamil. Pondicherry, India: Pondicherry Institute of Linguistics and Culture.
47. ROACH, P. (1982). On the distinction between "stress-timed" and "syllable-timed" languages. In D. Crystal (Ed.), Linguistic controversies (pp.73-79). London: Edward Arnold.
48. SCHIFFMAN, H. F. (1998). Standardization or restandardization: The case for "Standard" Spoken Tamil. Language in Society, 27, 359-385.
49. SCHIFFMAN, H. F. (1999). A reference grammar of spoken Tamil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50. STEEVER, S. B. (1987). Tamil and the Dravidian languages. In B. Comrie (Ed.), The world's major languages (pp. 725-746). London: Croom Helm.
51. STEVENS, S. S. (1972). Perceived level of noise by Mark VII and decibels (E). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 51, 575-601.
52. WENK, B. J., & WIOLAND, F. (1982). Is French really syllable-timed? Journal of Phonetics, 10, 193-216.
53. ZVELEBIL, K. V. (1964). Spoken language of Tamilnad. Archiv Orientální, 32, 237-264.
54. ZVELEBIL, K. V. (1989). Classical Tamil prosody: An introduction. Madras: New Era.