Current management of the undescended testicle

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 64-70

  Hutson, John M ^a   Clarke, Melanie C C ^a  

^a ROYAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cryptorchidism; Hormonal therapy; Infertility; Intraabdominal testis; Laparoscopic orchiopexy; Testicular descent

Indexed keywords

CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; GONADORELIN; HORMONE; HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPIN;

ARTICLE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CRYPTORCHISM; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; ECHOGRAPHY; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; INFERTILITY; INGUINAL CANAL; INGUINAL REGION; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TESTIS DESCENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; CHILD; CRYPTORCHIDISM; HUMANS; INFANT; LAPAROSCOPY; MALE;

EID: 33845943202     PISSN: 10558586     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2006.10.009     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Scorer C.G. The descent of the testis. Arch Dis Child 39 (1964) 605-609
2. Clarnette T.D., and Hutson J.M. Is the ascending testis actually 'stationary'?. Normal elongation of the spermatic cord is prevented by a fibrous remnant of the processus vaginalis. Pediatr Surg Int 12 2/3 (1997) 155-157
3. Donaldson K.M., Tong S.Y., and Hutson J.M. Prevalence of late orchidopexy is consistent with some undescended testes being acquired. Indian J Pediatr 63 6 (1996) 725-729
4. Hutson J.M., and Goh D.W. Can undescended testes be acquired?. Lancet 341 8843 (1993) 504
5. Hutson J.M. A biphasic model for the hormonal control of testicular descent. Lancet 2 8452 (1985) 419-421
6. Hutson J.M., and Donahoe P.K. The hormonal control of testicular descent. Endocr Rev 7 3 (1986) 270-283
7. Huff D.S., Fenig D.M., Canning D.A., et al. Abnormal germ cell development in cryptorchidism. Horm Res 55 1 (2001) 11-17
8. Huff D.S., Hadziselimovic F., Snyder III H.M., et al. Early postnatal testicular maldevelopment in cryptorchidism. J Urol 146 2 (1991) 624-626
9. MacKinnon A.E. The undescended testis. Indian J Pediatr 72 5 (2005) 429-432
10. Cortes D., Thorup J.M., and Visfeldt J. Cryptorchidism: aspects of fertility and neoplasms. A study including data of 1,335 consecutive boys who underwent testicular biopsy simultaneously with surgery for cryptorchidism. Horm Res 55 1 (2001) 21-27
11. Martin D.C. Germinal cell tumors of the testis after orchiopexy. J Urol 121 4 (1979) 422-424
12. Nistal M., and Paniagua R. Infertility in adult males with retractile testes. Fertil Steril 41 3 (1984) 395-403
13. Kanemoto K., Hayashi Y., Kojima Y., et al. Accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of non-palpable testis. Int J Urol 12 7 (2005) 668-672
14. Patil K.K., Green J.S., and Duffy P.G. Laparoscopy for impalpable testes. BJU Int 95 5 (2005) 704-708
15. Baillie C.T., Fearns G., Kitteringham L., et al. Management of the impalpable testis: the role of laparoscopy. Arch Dis Child 79 5 (1998) 419-422
16. Weiss R.M., Carter A.R., and Rosenfield A.T. High resolution real-time ultrasonography in the localization of the undescended testis. J Urol 135 5 (1986) 936-938
17. De Filippo R.E., Barthold J.S., and Gonzalez R. The application of magnetic resonance imaging for the preoperative localization of nonpalpable testis in obese children: an alternative to laparoscopy. J Urol 164 1 (2000) 154-155
18. Kier R., McCarthy S., Rosenfield A.T., et al. Nonpalpable testes in young boys: evaluation with MR imaging. Radiology 169 2 (1988) 429-433
19. Sarihan H., Sari A., Abes M., et al. Nonpalpable undescending testis. Value of magnetic resonance imaging. Minerva Urol Nefrol 50 4 (1998) 233-236
20. Maghnie M., Vanzulli A., Paesano P., et al. The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography compared with surgical findings in the localization of the undescended testis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 148 7 (1994) 699-703
21. Eggener S.E., Lotan Y., and Cheng E.Y. Magnetic resonance angiography for the nonpalpable testis: a cost and cancer risk analysis. J Urol 173 5 (2005) 1745-1749 discussion 1749-50.
22. Yeung C.K., Tam Y.H., Chan Y.L., et al. A new management algorithm for impalpable undescended testis with gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. J Urol 162 3 Pt 2 (1999) 998-1002
23. Esposito C., De Lucia A., Palmieri A., et al. Comparison of five different hormonal treatment protocols for children with cryptorchidism. Scand J Urol Nephrol 37 3 (2003) 246-249
24. Zhou B., Hutson J.M., Watts L.M., et al. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) stimulates spermatogenesis in immature mice in vivo. J Pediatr Surg 37 12 (2002) 1751-1753
25. Duffy D.M., and diZerega G.S. Is peritoneal closure necessary?. Obstet Gynecol Surv 49 12 (1994) 817-822
26. Cheong Y.C., Bajekal N., and Li T.C. Peritoneal closure: to close or not to close. Hum Reprod 16 8 (2001) 1548-1552
27. Hubbard Jr. T.B., Khan M.Z., Carag Jr. V.R., et al. The pathology of peritoneal repair: its relation to the formation of adhesions. Ann Surg 165 6 (1967) 908-916
28. Mohta A., Jain N., Irniraya K.P., et al. Non-ligation of the hernial sac during herniotomy: a prospective study. Pediatr Surg Int 19 6 (2003) 451-452
29. Smedberg S.G., Broome A.E., and Gullmo A. Ligation of the hernial sac?. Surg Clin North Am 64 2 (1984) 299-306
30. Bianchi A., and Squire B.R. Transscrotal orchidopexy: orchidopexy revised. Pediatr Surg Int 4 3 (1989) 189-192
31. Handa R., Kale R., Harjai M., et al. Single scrotal incision orchiopexy for palpable undescended testis. Asian J Surg 29 1 (2006) 25-27
32. Koo H.P., and Bloom D.A. Laparoscopy for the nonpalpable testis. Semin Laparosc Surg 5 1 (1998) 40-46
33. Youngson G.G., and Jones P.F. Management of the impalpable testis: long-term results of the preperitoneal approach. J Pediatr Surg 26 5 (1991) 618-620
34. Williams E.V., Appanna T., and Foster M.E. Management of the impalpable testis: a six year review together with a national experience. Postgrad Med J 77 907 (2001) 320-322
35. Perovic S., and Janic N. Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of non-palpable testes. Br J Urol 73 3 (1994) 310-313
36. Lakhoo K., Thomas D.F., and Najmaldin A.S. Is inguinal exploration for the impalpable testis an outdated operation?. Br J Urol 77 3 (1996) 452-454
37. Boddy S.A., Corkery J.J., and Gornall P. The place of laparoscopy in the management of the impalpable testis. Br J Surg 72 11 (1985) 918-919
38. Davenport M., Brain C., Vandenberg C., et al. The use of the hCG stimulation test in the endocrine evaluation of cryptorchidism. Br J Urol 76 6 (1995) 790-794
39. Ogilvy-Stuart A.L., and Brain C.E. Early assessment of ambiguous genitalia. Arch Dis Child 89 5 (2004) 401-407
40. Banieghbal B., and Davies M. Laparoscopic evaluation of testicular mobility as a guide to management of intra-abdominal testes. World J Urol 20 6 (2003) 343-345
41. Lindgren B.W., Franco I., Blick S., et al. Laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy for the high abdominal testis. J Urol 162 3 (1999) 990-993 discussion 994.
42. Silber S.J., and Kelly J. Successful autotransplantation of an intra-abdominal testis to the scrotum by microvascular technique. J Urol 115 4 (1976) 452-454
43. Oesterwitz H., and Fahlenkamp D. Microsurgical technique and results of testicular autotransplantation in children: essential venous anastomosis. Int Urol Nephrol 25 6 (1993) 587-593
44. Bukowski T.P., Wacksman J., Billmire D.A., et al. Testicular autotransplantation for the intra-abdominal testis. Microsurgery 16 5 (1995) 290-295
45. Docimo S.G. The results of surgical therapy for cryptorchidism: a literature review and analysis. J Urol 154 3 (1995) 1148-1152
46. Chang B., Palmer L.S., and Franco I. Laparoscopic orchidopexy: a review of a large clinical series. BJU Int 87 6 (2001) 490-493
47. Granados Loarca E.A., and Esau Ortega S. [Is necessary to practice orchiectomy in patients with post-puberal maldescended testes?]. Actas Urol Esp 29 10 (2005) 969-973
48. Ben Jeddou F., Ghozzi S., and Rais N.B. [Cryptorchidism in adults. About 81 cases]. Tunis Med 83 12 (2005) 742-745