An immanent transcedental: Foucault, Kant and critical philosophy

Radical Philosophy

Volumn , Issue 141, 2007, Pages 12-22

  Robinson, Keith ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA   (United States)

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EID: 33845876602     PISSN: 0300211X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
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References (53)

1. F. Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil, trans. R.J. Hollingdale, Penguin, London, 1973, §289, p. 216.
2. M. Foucault, The Order of Things (OT), Tavistock Publications, London, 1970, p. 321.
3. G. Deleuze, Nietzsche and Philosophy, trans. H. Tomlinson, Athlone, London, 1983, p. 52.
4. M. Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge (AK), trans. A. Sheridan Smith, Routledge, London, 1972, p. 127.
5. I. Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, trans. P. Guyer and A. Wood, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998, A158/B197.
6. Ibid., A11-12/B25.
7. There is a large body of literature - both 'analytic' and 'continental' - on this topic. A couple of representative texts are Robert Stern, ed., Transcendental Arguments: Problems and Prospects, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1999
8. Hans-Johann Glock, ed., Strawson and Kant, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2003.
9. G. Gutting, Foucault: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005, p. 59.
10. G. Gutting, 'Review of Foucault's Critical Project, B. Han', Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, 1 May 2003, at http://ndpr.nd.edu/ review.cfm?id=1262.
11. Gutting, Foucault, p. 66.
12. Ibid., p. 66.
13. This is a striking claim that Gutting does not appear to make in his earlier Michel Foucault's Archaeology of Scientific Reason, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989.
14. 'La Constitution d'un transcendental historique dans La Phenomenologie de L'Esprit de Hegel', cited in D. Eribon, Miche Foucault, Flammarion, Paris, 1991, p. 47.
15. Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic (BC), trans. A.M. Sheridan Smith, Routledge, London, 1973, p. xv.
16. Foucault, AK, p. 128.
17. Ibid., p. 127.
18. J. Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity (hereafter PDM), trans. F.G. Lawrence, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1987, pp. 253-4.
19. Ibid., p. 256.
20. This is why Foucault objected to being called a 'structuralist', since structuralism tried to 'evacuate the concept of the event, as Foucault put it in an interview in 1977. See The Foucault Reader, ed. P. Rabinow, Penguin, London, 1986, p. 56.
21. Habermas, PDM, p. 273.
22. Ibid., p. 274
23. Ibid., p. 256.
24. Ibid., p. 256.
25. Ibid., p. 276.
26. I did not have space to include a discussion of Andrew Cutrofello's excellent book Discipline and Critique, SUNY Press, New York, 1994, which attempts to work out a nonjuridical or metacritical version of Kantian ethics in a Foucauldian framework. Also see Amy Allen's fine paper, 'Foucault and Enlightenment: A Critical Reappraisal', Constellations, Vol. 10, no. 2, 2003.
27. B. Han, Foucault's Critical Project: Between the Transcendental and the Historical (hereafter FCP), Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2002.
28. Ibid., p. 4.
29. G. Deleuze, Foucault, Athlone, London, 1988.
30. Han, FCP, p. 6.
31. Ibid., p. 65.
32. Ibid., p. 50.
33. Foucault, BC, p. 5.
34. Deleuze, Foucault, p. 59.
35. Ibid., p. 109.
36. Han, FCP, p. 65.
37. Han, 'Reply to Gary Gutting', pp. 5-6; available at: http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~beatrice/Gutting%20_answer_%202003-05.pdf.
38. Deleuze, Foucault, p. 5.
39. Ibid., p. 114.
40. Ibid., p. 14.
41. Ibid., p. 84.
42. Ibid., p. 15.
43. Deleuze, Difference and Repetition, trans. P. Patton, Athlone, London, 1994, p. 192.
44. Deleuze, Foucault, p. 18.
45. Foucault, OT, p. 336.
46. This is of course a claim originally laid at the door of Kant and critical philosophy. For a now classic version of this argument in the literature, see Stephan korner, 'The Impossibility of Transcendental Deductions', The Monist 51, 1967, pp. 317-31.
47. The original version of this argument is found in Dreyfus and Rabinow's Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, Harvester Press, Brighton, 1986 (see Part 1, ch. 4) and is repeated by both Habermas and Han.
48. Foucault, OT, p. 315.
49. Deleuze, Foucault, p. 111.
50. Ibid., pp. 97-8.
51. Foucault, AK, p. 131.
52. Foucault arguably found a trace of this nonanthropological conception of the transcendental in Kant's Anthropology, which he suggests repeats the a priori of the critique 'in a temporal dimension'. Time is no longer a non-empirical condition of synthesis as it is in the first critique. Rather, time gnaws at the synthetic synthetic activity itself. One could argue that Foucault here uncovers a line of development, not carried forward by Kant, that he will himself take up and transform. See Foucault, Introduction à L'anthropologie de Kant, thèse complémentaire; available at www.generation-online.org/p/ fpfoucauIt8.htm.
53. Foucault, OT, p. 342.