메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 577-588

Estimation of forest canopy cover: A comparison of field measurement techniques

Author keywords

Cajanus tube; Canopy closure; Canopy cover; Digital photographs; Forest canopy; Line intersect sampling; Spherical densiometer

Indexed keywords

ESTIMATION; INVENTORY CONTROL; SAMPLING;

EID: 33845874102     PISSN: 00375330     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14214/sf.315     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (277)

References (38)
  • 1
    • 0002635195 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the woodland light climate: I. The photographic computation of light conditions
    • Anderson, M.C. 1964. Studies of the woodland light climate: I. The photographic computation of light conditions. Journal of Ecology 52(1): 27-41.
    • (1964) Journal of Ecology , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-41
    • Anderson, M.C.1
  • 2
    • 0033372423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated estimation of localized forest volume from large-scale aerial photographs and ancillary cartographic information in a boreal forest
    • Bolduc, P., Lowell, K. & Edwards, G. 1999. Automated estimation of localized forest volume from large-scale aerial photographs and ancillary cartographic information in a boreal forest. International Journal of Remote Sensing 20(18): 3611-3624.
    • (1999) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.20 , Issue.18 , pp. 3611-3624
    • Bolduc, P.1    Lowell, K.2    Edwards, G.3
  • 3
    • 0344844311 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of ground canopy density from ground measurements
    • Bonnor, G.M. 1967. Estimation of ground canopy density from ground measurements. Journal of Forestry 65(8): 544-547.
    • (1967) Journal of Forestry , vol.65 , Issue.8 , pp. 544-547
    • Bonnor, G.M.1
  • 4
    • 0025262738 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of methods for estimating forest overstory cover: Differences among techniques
    • Bunnell, F.L. & Vales, D.J. 1990. Comparison of methods for estimating forest overstory cover: differences among techniques. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20: 101-107.
    • (1990) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.20 , pp. 101-107
    • Bunnell, F.L.1    Vales, D.J.2
  • 6
    • 2942575489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracting individual tree information. A survey of techniques for high spatial resolution imagery
    • Wulder, M.A. & Franklin, S.E, eds, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. 519 p
    • Culvenor, D.S. 2003. Extracting individual tree information. A survey of techniques for high spatial resolution imagery. In: Wulder, M.A. & Franklin, S.E. (eds.). Remote sensing of forest environments: concepts and case studies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. 519 p.
    • (2003) Remote sensing of forest environments: Concepts and case studies
    • Culvenor, D.S.1
  • 7
    • 33845881209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On definitions of forest and forest change
    • FAO, Working Paper 33. FAO, Rome, Italy. 15 p
    • FAO 2000. On definitions of forest and forest change. Forest Resources Assessment Programme, Working Paper 33. FAO, Rome, Italy. 15 p.
    • (2000) Forest Resources Assessment Programme
  • 8
    • 0002611442 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two techniques for measuring canopy closure
    • Ganey, J.L. & Block, W.M. 1994. A comparison of two techniques for measuring canopy closure. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 9(1): 21-23.
    • (1994) Western Journal of Applied Forestry , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-23
    • Ganey, J.L.1    Block, W.M.2
  • 9
    • 0001298372 scopus 로고
    • Uses and modifications for the "moosehorn" crown closure estimator
    • Garrison, G.A. 1949. Uses and modifications for the "moosehorn" crown closure estimator. Journal of Forestry 47: 733-735.
    • (1949) Journal of Forestry , vol.47 , pp. 733-735
    • Garrison, G.A.1
  • 10
    • 0032773466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating conifer forest cover with thematic mapper data using reflectance model inversion and two spectral vegetation indices in a site with variable background characteristics
    • Gemmell, F. 1999. Estimating conifer forest cover with thematic mapper data using reflectance model inversion and two spectral vegetation indices in a site with variable background characteristics. Remote Sensing of Environment 69: 105-121.
    • (1999) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.69 , pp. 105-121
    • Gemmell, F.1
  • 11
    • 14844299905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic thresholding for digital hemispherical photography
    • Ishida, M. 2004. Automatic thresholding for digital hemispherical photography. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 2208-2216.
    • (2004) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.34 , pp. 2208-2216
    • Ishida, M.1
  • 12
    • 0024856060 scopus 로고
    • A technique for extrapolating and validating forest cover across large regions - calibrating AVHRR data with TM data
    • Iverson, L.R., Cook, E.A. & Graham, R.L. 1989. A technique for extrapolating and validating forest cover across large regions - calibrating AVHRR data with TM data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 10(11): 1805-1812.
    • (1989) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.10 , Issue.11 , pp. 1805-1812
    • Iverson, L.R.1    Cook, E.A.2    Graham, R.L.3
  • 13
    • 0344660221 scopus 로고
    • A simple optical device for measuring vertical projection of tree crowns
    • Jackson, M. & Petty, R. 1973. A simple optical device for measuring vertical projection of tree crowns. Forest Science 19: 60-62.
    • (1973) Forest Science , vol.19 , pp. 60-62
    • Jackson, M.1    Petty, R.2
  • 14
    • 0025676929 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the normalized difference vegetation index to subpixel canopy cover, soil albedo, and pixel scale
    • Jasinski, M.F. 1990. Sensitivity of the normalized difference vegetation index to subpixel canopy cover, soil albedo, and pixel scale. Remote Sensing of Environment 32: 169-187.
    • (1990) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.32 , pp. 169-187
    • Jasinski, M.F.1
  • 15
    • 0033019629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing forest canopies and understorey illumination: Canopy closure, canopy cover and other measures
    • Jennings, S.B., Brown, N.D., & Sheil, D. 1999. Assessing forest canopies and understorey illumination: canopy closure, canopy cover and other measures. Forestry 72(1): 59-74.
    • (1999) Forestry , vol.72 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-74
    • Jennings, S.B.1    Brown, N.D.2    Sheil, D.3
  • 16
    • 0022178408 scopus 로고
    • Estimating canopy density by the vertical tube method
    • Johansson, T. 1985. Estimating canopy density by the vertical tube method. Forest Ecology and Management 11: 139-144.
    • (1985) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.11 , pp. 139-144
    • Johansson, T.1
  • 17
    • 21244506784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions for estimating stem diameter and tree age using tree height, crown width and existing stand database information
    • Kalliovirta, J. & Tokola, T. 2005. Functions for estimating stem diameter and tree age using tree height, crown width and existing stand database information. Silva Fennica 39(2): 227-248.
    • (2005) Silva Fennica , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-248
    • Kalliovirta, J.1    Tokola, T.2
  • 18
    • 0032573709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic algorithm for estimating vegetation canopy leaf area index and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from MODIS and MISR data
    • Knyazikhin, Y., Martonchik, J.V., Myneni, R.B., Diner, D.J. & Running, S.W. 1998. Synergistic algorithm for estimating vegetation canopy leaf area index and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from MODIS and MISR data. Journal of Geophysical Research 103: 32257-32276.
    • (1998) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.103 , pp. 32257-32276
    • Knyazikhin, Y.1    Martonchik, J.V.2    Myneni, R.B.3    Diner, D.J.4    Running, S.W.5
  • 19
    • 33845894730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Korhonen, L. 2006. Havumetsän latvuspeiton mittaaminen ja ennustaminen puustotunnuksista. M. Sc. thesis. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry. 71 p. Available at: http://cc.joensuu.fi/~lakorhon/latvuspeitto.pdf. (In Finnish).
    • Korhonen, L. 2006. Havumetsän latvuspeiton mittaaminen ja ennustaminen puustotunnuksista. M. Sc. thesis. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry. 71 p. Available at: http://cc.joensuu.fi/~lakorhon/latvuspeitto.pdf. (In Finnish).
  • 20
    • 0022168134 scopus 로고
    • On the use of tree stand parameters in estimating light conditions below the canopy
    • Kuusipalo, J. 1985. On the use of tree stand parameters in estimating light conditions below the canopy. Silva Fennica 19(2): 185-196.
    • (1985) Silva Fennica , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-196
    • Kuusipalo, J.1
  • 21
    • 0034012241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A directional multispectral forest reflectance model
    • Kuusk, A. & Nilson, T. 2000. A directional multispectral forest reflectance model. Remote Sensing of Environment 72: 244-252.
    • (2000) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.72 , pp. 244-252
    • Kuusk, A.1    Nilson, T.2
  • 22
    • 0001478005 scopus 로고
    • A spherical densiometer for estimating forest overstory density
    • Lemmon, P.E. 1956. A spherical densiometer for estimating forest overstory density. Forest Science 2: 314-320.
    • (1956) Forest Science , vol.2 , pp. 314-320
    • Lemmon, P.E.1
  • 23
    • 0004155357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lowman, M.D. & Rinker, H.B, eds, 2nd ed. Elsevier Academic Press. 517 p
    • Lowman, M.D. & Rinker, H.B. (eds.) 2004. Forest canopies. 2nd ed. Elsevier Academic Press. 517 p.
    • (2004) Forest canopies
  • 24
    • 1842588326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of timber volume and stem density based on scanning laser altimetry and expected tree size distribution functions
    • Maltamo, M., Eerikäinen, K., Pitkänen, J., Hyyppä, J. & Vehmas, M. 2004. Estimation of timber volume and stem density based on scanning laser altimetry and expected tree size distribution functions. Remote Sensing of Environment 90: 319-330.
    • (2004) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.90 , pp. 319-330
    • Maltamo, M.1    Eerikäinen, K.2    Pitkänen, J.3    Hyyppä, J.4    Vehmas, M.5
  • 27
    • 0002206669 scopus 로고
    • A forest canopy reflectance model and a test case
    • Nilson, T. & Peterson, U. 1991. A forest canopy reflectance model and a test case. Remote Sensing of Environment 37:131-142.
    • (1991) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.37 , pp. 131-142
    • Nilson, T.1    Peterson, U.2
  • 28
    • 0030781191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Densiometer bias? Are we measuring the forest or the trees?
    • Nuttle, T. 1997. Densiometer bias? Are we measuring the forest or the trees? Wildlife Society Bulletin 25(3): 610-611.
    • (1997) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 610-611
    • Nuttle, T.1
  • 29
    • 33845889532 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of overstory canopy estimates on forest survey plots
    • INT-GTR-417. 5 p
    • O'Brien, R.A. 1989. Comparison of overstory canopy estimates on forest survey plots. USDA Forestry Service General Technical Report INT-GTR-417. 5 p.
    • (1989) USDA Forestry Service General Technical Report
    • O'Brien, R.A.1
  • 30
    • 0034865306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual tree detection in digital aerial images by combining locally adaptive binarization and local maxima methods
    • Pitkänen, J. 2001. Individual tree detection in digital aerial images by combining locally adaptive binarization and local maxima methods. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31: 832-844.
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.31 , pp. 832-844
    • Pitkänen, J.1
  • 31
    • 16844384840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating canopy cover in Scots pine stands
    • Rautiainen, M., Stenberg, P. & Nilson, T. 2005. Estimating canopy cover in Scots pine stands. Silva Fennica 39(1): 137-142.
    • (2005) Silva Fennica , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-142
    • Rautiainen, M.1    Stenberg, P.2    Nilson, T.3
  • 33
    • 0025199178 scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of temperate coniferous leaf area index: The influence of canopy closure, understory vegetation, and background reflectance
    • Spanner, M.A., Pierce, L.L., Peterson, D.L. & Running, S.W. 1990. Remote sensing of temperate coniferous leaf area index: The influence of canopy closure, understory vegetation, and background reflectance. International. Journal of Remote Sensing 11(1):95-111.
    • (1990) International. Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-111
    • Spanner, M.A.1    Pierce, L.L.2    Peterson, D.L.3    Running, S.W.4
  • 36
    • 33845893080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teraoka, Y. 1996. An effective mensuration technique for multipurpose management using fish-eye photographic images. In: Saramäki, J., Koch, B. & Lund, H.G. (eds.). Remote sensing and computer technology for natural resource assessment. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry. Research Note 48.
    • Teraoka, Y. 1996. An effective mensuration technique for multipurpose management using fish-eye photographic images. In: Saramäki, J., Koch, B. & Lund, H.G. (eds.). Remote sensing and computer technology for natural resource assessment. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Forestry. Research Note 48.
  • 37
    • 33845865318 scopus 로고
    • The gimbal sight for the projection of the crown radius. Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia
    • Walters, J & Soos, J. 1962. The gimbal sight for the projection of the crown radius. Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia. Research Note 39.
    • (1962) Research Note , vol.39
    • Walters, J.1    Soos, J.2
  • 38
    • 0037386372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ground sampling methods for estimating canopy cover
    • Williams, M.S., Patterson, P.L. & Mowrer, H.T. 2003. Comparison of ground sampling methods for estimating canopy cover. Forest Science 49(2): 235-246.
    • (2003) Forest Science , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-246
    • Williams, M.S.1    Patterson, P.L.2    Mowrer, H.T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.