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1
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1642543274
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The Medicalization of Criminal Law Reform in Imperial Germany
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Norbert Finzsch & Robert Jütte (eds,) Cambridge
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This process has been named the 'medicalization' of criminological discourse. See: Richard F. Wetzell, 'The Medicalization of Criminal Law Reform in Imperial Germany', in: Norbert Finzsch & Robert Jütte (eds), Institutions of Confinement, Hospitals, Asylums, and Prisons in Western Europe and North America 1500-1950 (Cambridge 1996), 275-83.
-
(1996)
Institutions of Confinement, Hospitals, Asylums, and Prisons in Western Europe and North America 1500-1950
, pp. 275-283
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Wetzell, R.F.1
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14
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3042684141
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Munich
-
For a summary, and an introduction to radical antisemitic thought in Austria in the first decade of the twentieth century, see: Brigitte Hamann, Hitler's Wien, Lehrjahre eines Diktators (Munich 1998).
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(1998)
Hitler's Wien, Lehrjahre eines Diktators
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Hamann, B.1
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19
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53349106475
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Der "Ritualmord" von Polna, Traditioneller und moderner Aberglaube
-
Rainer Erb and Michael Schmidt eds, Berlin
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Georg R. Schroubek, 'Der "Ritualmord" von Polna, Traditioneller und moderner Aberglaube', in: Rainer Erb and Michael Schmidt (eds), Antisemitismus und jüdische Geschichte (Berlin 1987), 149-71.
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(1987)
Antisemitismus und jüdische Geschichte
, pp. 149-171
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Schroubek, G.R.1
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35
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61049538686
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New Haven, CT
-
On the concept of the criminal underworld as the antithesis of respectable society, see Richard J. Evans, Tales from the German Underworld (New Haven, CT 1998), 151;
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(1998)
Tales from the German Underworld
, pp. 151
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Evans, R.J.1
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36
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84990294631
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Kriminelle Identitäten im 19. Jahrhundert
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Peter Becker, 'Kriminelle Identitäten im 19. Jahrhundert', in: Historische Anthropologie 2 (1994), 142-57.
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(1994)
Historische Anthropologie
, vol.2
, pp. 142-157
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Becker, P.1
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37
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84868462324
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Berlin
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Karl Wilhelm Zimmermann, Der Dieb in Berlin oder Darstellung ihres Entstehens, ihrer Organization, ihrer Verbindungen, ihrer Taktik, ihrer Gewohnheit und ihrer Sprache. Zur Belehrung für Polizeibeamte und zur Warnung für das Publikum. Nach praktischer Erfahrung (Berlin 1847), 31-2.
-
(1847)
Der Dieb in Berlin oder Darstellung ihres Entstehens, ihrer Organization, ihrer Verbindungen, ihrer Taktik, ihrer Gewohnheit und ihrer Sprache. Zur Belehrung für Polizeibeamte und zur Warnung für das Publikum. Nach praktischer Erfahrung
, pp. 31-32
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Wilhelm Zimmermann, K.1
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40
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84868473108
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193 ff
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Thiele collected all known Jewish 'criminal' words in a dictionary spanning some 134 pages and 2718 words. Thiele, Die jüdischen Gauner Vol. 1, 193 ff.
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Die jüdischen Gauner
, pp. 1
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Thiele1
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44
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84868497587
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Avé-Lallement's finding were anticipated earlier on in the century by Casper Dietrich Christensen, a Kiel policeman. See Danker, Räuberbanden, op. cit., 327.
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Räuberbanden
, pp. 327
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Danker1
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45
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0003817956
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L'uomo delinquente
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London [1896/7])
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Cesare Lombroso, L'uomo delinquente. I will be quoting here from the English edition of the text, Crime, Its Causes and Remedies trans. Henry P. Horton (London 1911 [1896/7]).
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(1911)
Crime, Its Causes and Remedies
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Lombroso, C.1
Horton, H.P.2
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53
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0003659704
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New Haven, CT 76-8, 123-6, 174
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On the Jewish/Zionist use of race science, see: John E. Efron, Defenders of the Race, Jewish Doctors and Race Science in Fin-de-Siècle Europe (New Haven, CT 1994), 9-12, 76-8, 123-6, 174.
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(1994)
Defenders of the Race, Jewish Doctors and Race Science in Fin-de-Siècle Europe
, pp. 9-12
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Efron, J.E.1
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54
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79958493531
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Ueber anthropologische, physiologische und pathologische Eigenheiten der Juden
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5, 12 & 19 July
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M. Kreuzer, 'Ueber anthropologische, physiologische und pathologische Eigenheiten der Juden', in: Die Welt 27-9 (5, 12 & 19 July, 1901).
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(1901)
Die Welt
, pp. 27-29
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Kreuzer, M.1
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55
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1142310442
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Photographic Composites
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April 17
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Francis Galton, 'Photographic Composites,' in: The Photographic News 29 (April 17, 1885);
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(1885)
The Photographic News
, pp. 29
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Galton, F.1
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56
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1142310442
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The Jewish Type, and Galton's Composite Photographs
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April 24
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Joseph Jacobs, 'The Jewish Type, and Galton's Composite Photographs', in ibid., (April 24, 1885), 234-45.
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(1885)
The Photographic News
, pp. 234-245
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Jacobs, J.1
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57
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0347455471
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12 Vols (New York 294
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See also Jewish Encyclopaedia, 12 Vols (New York 1901-6), Vol. 12, 294;
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(1901)
Jewish Encyclopaedia
, pp. 12
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-
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64
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84868475528
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Buchbesprechung: Anonymous, Der Konitzer Mord, Ein Beitrag zur Klärung (Breslau 1900)
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Many such books were reviewed by Hans Gross in his Archiv: Hans Gross, 'Buchbesprechung: Anonymous, Der Konitzer Mord, Ein Beitrag zur Klärung (Breslau 1900)', in Archiv 4 (1900), 363-5.
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(1900)
Archiv
, vol.4
, pp. 363-365
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Gross, H.1
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65
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79958516009
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Buchbesprechung: D Chwolson, Die Blutanklage und sonstige mittelalterliche Beschuldigungen der Juden, Eine historische Untersuchung nach den Quellen (Frankfurt/Main 1901 [1880])
-
Hans Gross, 'Buchbesprechung: D Chwolson, Die Blutanklage und sonstige mittelalterliche Beschuldigungen der Juden, Eine historische Untersuchung nach den Quellen (Frankfurt/Main 1901 [1880])', in Archiv 9 (1902), 240-1;
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(1902)
Archiv
, vol.9
, pp. 240-241
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-
Gross, H.1
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66
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84868444955
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Buchbesprechung: Carl Mommert, Menschenopfer bei den alten Hebräern (Leipzig 1905)
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Hans Gross, 'Buchbesprechung: Carl Mommert, Menschenopfer bei den alten Hebräern (Leipzig 1905)', in Archiv 24 (1906), 176;
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(1906)
Archiv
, vol.24
, pp. 176
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-
Gross, H.1
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67
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84868467621
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Buchbesprechung: Maximilian Paul-Schiff, Der Prozeß Hilsner, Aktenauszug (Vienna 1908)
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Hans Gross, 'Buchbesprechung: Maximilian Paul-Schiff, Der Prozeß Hilsner, Aktenauszug (Vienna 1908)', in Archiv 29 (1908), 314;
-
(1908)
Archiv
, vol.29
, pp. 314
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Gross, H.1
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68
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79958590406
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Buchbesprechung: Albert Hellwig, Ritualmord und Aberglaube (Minden i.W. no year)
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Hans Gross, 'Buchbesprechung: Albert Hellwig, Ritualmord und Aberglaube (Minden i.W. no year)', in Archiv 59 (1914), 377.
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(1914)
Archiv
, vol.59
, pp. 377
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-
Gross, H.1
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69
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84868463370
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Jüdischer Meineidsaberglaube
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Albert Hellwig, 'Jüdischer Meineidsaberglaube', in Archiv 41 (1911), 126-41.
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(1911)
Archiv
, vol.41
, pp. 126-141
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-
Hellwig, A.1
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70
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84868456869
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Jüdischer Meineidsaberglaube?
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M. Eschelbacher's article attacks Hellwig's assertion as to the existence of such a belief. M. Eschelbacher's 'Jüdischer Meineidsaberglaube?', in Archiv 54 (1913), 130-9.
-
(1913)
Archiv
, vol.54
, pp. 130-139
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Eschelbacher's, M.1
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71
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84969863366
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-
Gilman focuses on sexual crimes, specifically incest, even though the debate he discusses touches on such crimes only very marginally, and then largely to de-sexualize Jews. One should also note in passing that Aschaffenburg, like Lombroso, was Jewish, although it is hard to see whether this informed his editorial decisions. The significant number of Jews engaged in criminological endeavours in this period helped Nazi legal scientists to argue that criminology as such was a Jewish science aimed at destroying the traditional concept of responsibility for criminal action. Cf. Wetzell, Inventing, 187-9.
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Inventing
, pp. 187-189
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-
Wetzell1
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72
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84868456411
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Berlin
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Das Comite zur Abwehr antisemitischer Angriffe in Berlin (ed.), Die Kriminalität der Juden in Deutschland (Berlin 1896), 56. The figures are based on convictions.
-
(1896)
Die Kriminalität der Juden in Deutschland
, pp. 56
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-
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74
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84868459054
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Die Kriminalität der Juden in Deutschland in den letzten 25 Jahren
-
Rudolf Wassermann, 'Die Kriminalität der Juden in Deutschland in den letzten 25 Jahren (1882-1906)', in Monatsschrift 6 (1909/10), 609-18.
-
(2010)
Monatsschrift
, vol.6
, pp. 609-618
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-
Wassermann, R.1
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79
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84868467553
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Rasse und Verbrechen
-
Paul Näcke, 'Rasse und Verbrechen', in Archiv 25 (1906), 64-73.
-
(1906)
Archiv
, vol.25
, pp. 64-73
-
-
Näcke, P.1
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82
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84868453392
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Über die Kriminalität der Juden
-
204, 196
-
J.R.B. de Roos, 'Über die Kriminalität der Juden,' in: Monatsschrift 6 (1909/10), 193-205, 196, 204.
-
(2010)
Monatsschrift
, vol.6
, pp. 193-205
-
-
De Roos, J.R.B.1
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87
-
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79958518286
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Die Philosophie des Geldes
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1989
-
Georg Simmel, 'Die Philosophie des Geldes', in Georg Simmel Gesamtausgabe Vol. 2 (Frankfurt/Main 1989 [1892]), 305.
-
(1892)
Georg Simmel Gesamtausgabe
, vol.2
, pp. 305
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Simmel, G.1
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93
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84868468113
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Die Aktion Girondo. Zur Geschichte des internationalen Mädchenhandels in Österreich-Ungarn um 1885
-
Heide Dienst and Edith Saurer (eds) Vienna
-
Anna Staudacher, 'Die Aktion "Girondo". Zur Geschichte des internationalen Mädchenhandels in Österreich-Ungarn um 1885', in Heide Dienst and Edith Saurer (eds), Das Weib existiert nicht für sich (Vienna 1990);
-
(1990)
Das Weib existiert nicht für sich
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-
Staudacher, A.1
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99
-
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79958552157
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Vergleichende rassenpsychiatrische Studien
-
One should note here that historical, cultural and biologico- anthropological concepts of race continued to co-exist well into the twentieth century, and that race was used as a significant category for the analysis of crime not only with reference to Jews, but also for many other racial groups, including 'Slavs', 'Germans', etc. See for example Alexander Pilcz, 'Vergleichende rassenpsychiatrische Studien', Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien, Sitzung vom 16. Januar 1906, as printed in: Monatschrift 2 (1905/6), 754.
-
(1905)
Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien, Sitzung vom 16. Januar 1906, as printed in: Monatschrift
, vol.2
, pp. 754
-
-
Pilcz, A.1
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101
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79958663947
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-
194
-
On the notion of rational Jews as the negative image of enlightenment ideals of rationality, see Robertson, Jewish Question, 181, 194.
-
Jewish Question
, pp. 181
-
-
Robertson1
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108
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79958578268
-
-
PhD thesis, University of Cambridge
-
Daniel M. Vyleta, 'Narratives of Jewish Crime' (PhD thesis, University of Cambridge 2002), Table 3. The number includes not only cases in which the perpetrator was Jewish, but also those in which a Jewish crime was alleged on other grounds. See my discussion below.
-
(2002)
Narratives of Jewish Crime
-
-
Vyleta, D.M.1
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109
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79958656681
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-
Vienna
-
Most of the court files for the Beer case have (been) disappeared without a trace, though various items of legal correspondence survive. For a discussion of the historico-legal context of the crime of 'unnatural sexual intercourse' [Unzucht wider die Natur], including a brief summary of the 1847 trial against university professor August Wilhelm Riedl concerning the accusation of the homosexual abuse of a fourteen-year-old boy, see Friedrich Hartl, Das Wiener Kriminalgericht, Strafrechtspflege vom Zeitalter der Aufklärung bis zur Österreichischen Revolution (Vienna 1973), 355-6.
-
(1973)
Das Wiener Kriminalgericht, Strafrechtspflege vom Zeitalter der Aufklärung bis zur Österreichischen Revolution
, pp. 355-356
-
-
Hartl, F.1
-
115
-
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79958494476
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Die Kinderfreunde
-
November
-
Karl Kraus, 'Die Kinderfreunde', Die Fackel November 1905, reprinted in Sittlichkeit und Kriminalität, 177-80.
-
(1905)
Die Fackel
, pp. 177-180
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-
Kraus, K.1
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116
-
-
79958554884
-
-
See also Kraus's commentary on this point: he maintains that there is nothing 'Jewish' about Zweigenthal's words, but that these are simply honest comments on a perverse justice system. Karl Kraus, 'Die Kinderfreunde', 173.
-
Die Kinderfreunde
, pp. 173
-
-
Kraus, K.1
-
117
-
-
0003757970
-
-
London
-
One is reminded of Freud's fear that psychoanalysis should be identified as a Jewish science. Cf. Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for our Time (London 1989), 201-2.
-
(1989)
Freud: A Life for our Time
, pp. 201-202
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-
Gay, P.1
-
119
-
-
79958509812
-
The Biology of Morality: Criminal-biology in Bavaria, 1924-1933
-
Peter Becker and Richard Wetzell (eds) Cambridge
-
The point is complicated by the fact that by the 1920s German criminology often identified property crimes rather than violent crimes as the typical activity of a biological criminality. Cf. Oliver Liang, 'The Biology of Morality: Criminal-biology in Bavaria, 1924-1933', in Peter Becker and Richard Wetzell (eds), Criminals and their Scientists (Cambridge 2005).
-
(2005)
Criminals and their Scientists
-
-
Liang, O.1
|