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Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 299-325

Jewish crimes and misdemeanours: In search of Jewish criminality (Germany and Austria, 1890-1914)

Author keywords

Anti semitism; Crime; Criminology; Jews

Indexed keywords


EID: 33845792738     PISSN: 02656914     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0265691405051468     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (10)

References (119)
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    • Georg R. Schroubek, 'Der "Ritualmord" von Polna, Traditioneller und moderner Aberglaube', in: Rainer Erb and Michael Schmidt (eds), Antisemitismus und jüdische Geschichte (Berlin 1987), 149-71.
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    • On the concept of the criminal underworld as the antithesis of respectable society, see Richard J. Evans, Tales from the German Underworld (New Haven, CT 1998), 151;
    • (1998) Tales from the German Underworld , pp. 151
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    • Thiele collected all known Jewish 'criminal' words in a dictionary spanning some 134 pages and 2718 words. Thiele, Die jüdischen Gauner Vol. 1, 193 ff.
    • Die jüdischen Gauner , pp. 1
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    • Avé-Lallement's finding were anticipated earlier on in the century by Casper Dietrich Christensen, a Kiel policeman. See Danker, Räuberbanden, op. cit., 327.
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    • Cesare Lombroso, L'uomo delinquente. I will be quoting here from the English edition of the text, Crime, Its Causes and Remedies trans. Henry P. Horton (London 1911 [1896/7]).
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    • Ueber anthropologische, physiologische und pathologische Eigenheiten der Juden
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    • M. Kreuzer, 'Ueber anthropologische, physiologische und pathologische Eigenheiten der Juden', in: Die Welt 27-9 (5, 12 & 19 July, 1901).
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    • Francis Galton, 'Photographic Composites,' in: The Photographic News 29 (April 17, 1885);
    • (1885) The Photographic News , pp. 29
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    • The Jewish Type, and Galton's Composite Photographs
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    • Joseph Jacobs, 'The Jewish Type, and Galton's Composite Photographs', in ibid., (April 24, 1885), 234-45.
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    • 12 Vols (New York 294
    • See also Jewish Encyclopaedia, 12 Vols (New York 1901-6), Vol. 12, 294;
    • (1901) Jewish Encyclopaedia , pp. 12
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    • Buchbesprechung: Anonymous, Der Konitzer Mord, Ein Beitrag zur Klärung (Breslau 1900)
    • Many such books were reviewed by Hans Gross in his Archiv: Hans Gross, 'Buchbesprechung: Anonymous, Der Konitzer Mord, Ein Beitrag zur Klärung (Breslau 1900)', in Archiv 4 (1900), 363-5.
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    • Buchbesprechung: D Chwolson, Die Blutanklage und sonstige mittelalterliche Beschuldigungen der Juden, Eine historische Untersuchung nach den Quellen (Frankfurt/Main 1901 [1880])
    • Hans Gross, 'Buchbesprechung: D Chwolson, Die Blutanklage und sonstige mittelalterliche Beschuldigungen der Juden, Eine historische Untersuchung nach den Quellen (Frankfurt/Main 1901 [1880])', in Archiv 9 (1902), 240-1;
    • (1902) Archiv , vol.9 , pp. 240-241
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    • Buchbesprechung: Carl Mommert, Menschenopfer bei den alten Hebräern (Leipzig 1905)
    • Hans Gross, 'Buchbesprechung: Carl Mommert, Menschenopfer bei den alten Hebräern (Leipzig 1905)', in Archiv 24 (1906), 176;
    • (1906) Archiv , vol.24 , pp. 176
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    • Buchbesprechung: Maximilian Paul-Schiff, Der Prozeß Hilsner, Aktenauszug (Vienna 1908)
    • Hans Gross, 'Buchbesprechung: Maximilian Paul-Schiff, Der Prozeß Hilsner, Aktenauszug (Vienna 1908)', in Archiv 29 (1908), 314;
    • (1908) Archiv , vol.29 , pp. 314
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    • Buchbesprechung: Albert Hellwig, Ritualmord und Aberglaube (Minden i.W. no year)
    • Hans Gross, 'Buchbesprechung: Albert Hellwig, Ritualmord und Aberglaube (Minden i.W. no year)', in Archiv 59 (1914), 377.
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    • M. Eschelbacher's article attacks Hellwig's assertion as to the existence of such a belief. M. Eschelbacher's 'Jüdischer Meineidsaberglaube?', in Archiv 54 (1913), 130-9.
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    • Gilman focuses on sexual crimes, specifically incest, even though the debate he discusses touches on such crimes only very marginally, and then largely to de-sexualize Jews. One should also note in passing that Aschaffenburg, like Lombroso, was Jewish, although it is hard to see whether this informed his editorial decisions. The significant number of Jews engaged in criminological endeavours in this period helped Nazi legal scientists to argue that criminology as such was a Jewish science aimed at destroying the traditional concept of responsibility for criminal action. Cf. Wetzell, Inventing, 187-9.
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    • Das Comite zur Abwehr antisemitischer Angriffe in Berlin (ed.), Die Kriminalität der Juden in Deutschland (Berlin 1896), 56. The figures are based on convictions.
    • (1896) Die Kriminalität der Juden in Deutschland , pp. 56
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    • Rudolf Wassermann, 'Die Kriminalität der Juden in Deutschland in den letzten 25 Jahren (1882-1906)', in Monatsschrift 6 (1909/10), 609-18.
    • (2010) Monatsschrift , vol.6 , pp. 609-618
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    • (2010) Monatsschrift , vol.6 , pp. 193-205
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    • Vergleichende rassenpsychiatrische Studien
    • One should note here that historical, cultural and biologico- anthropological concepts of race continued to co-exist well into the twentieth century, and that race was used as a significant category for the analysis of crime not only with reference to Jews, but also for many other racial groups, including 'Slavs', 'Germans', etc. See for example Alexander Pilcz, 'Vergleichende rassenpsychiatrische Studien', Anthropologische Gesellschaft in Wien, Sitzung vom 16. Januar 1906, as printed in: Monatschrift 2 (1905/6), 754.
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    • PhD thesis, University of Cambridge
    • Daniel M. Vyleta, 'Narratives of Jewish Crime' (PhD thesis, University of Cambridge 2002), Table 3. The number includes not only cases in which the perpetrator was Jewish, but also those in which a Jewish crime was alleged on other grounds. See my discussion below.
    • (2002) Narratives of Jewish Crime
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  • 109
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    • Vienna
    • Most of the court files for the Beer case have (been) disappeared without a trace, though various items of legal correspondence survive. For a discussion of the historico-legal context of the crime of 'unnatural sexual intercourse' [Unzucht wider die Natur], including a brief summary of the 1847 trial against university professor August Wilhelm Riedl concerning the accusation of the homosexual abuse of a fourteen-year-old boy, see Friedrich Hartl, Das Wiener Kriminalgericht, Strafrechtspflege vom Zeitalter der Aufklärung bis zur Österreichischen Revolution (Vienna 1973), 355-6.
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    • Die Kinderfreunde
    • November
    • Karl Kraus, 'Die Kinderfreunde', Die Fackel November 1905, reprinted in Sittlichkeit und Kriminalität, 177-80.
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    • See also Kraus's commentary on this point: he maintains that there is nothing 'Jewish' about Zweigenthal's words, but that these are simply honest comments on a perverse justice system. Karl Kraus, 'Die Kinderfreunde', 173.
    • Die Kinderfreunde , pp. 173
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    • London
    • One is reminded of Freud's fear that psychoanalysis should be identified as a Jewish science. Cf. Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for our Time (London 1989), 201-2.
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    • The Biology of Morality: Criminal-biology in Bavaria, 1924-1933
    • Peter Becker and Richard Wetzell (eds) Cambridge
    • The point is complicated by the fact that by the 1920s German criminology often identified property crimes rather than violent crimes as the typical activity of a biological criminality. Cf. Oliver Liang, 'The Biology of Morality: Criminal-biology in Bavaria, 1924-1933', in Peter Becker and Richard Wetzell (eds), Criminals and their Scientists (Cambridge 2005).
    • (2005) Criminals and their Scientists
    • Liang, O.1


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