Aerodynamic decelerators for planetary exploration: Past, present, and future

Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference 2006

Volumn 8, Issue , 2006, Pages 5342-5361

  Cruz, Juan R ^a   Lingard, J Stephen ^b  

^a NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^b Vorticity Ltd   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AERODYNAMIC DECELERATORS; ENTRY, DESCENT, AND LANDING (EDL); MACH NUMBERS; TEXTILE DEVICES;

AERODYNAMICS; BALLISTICS; DECELERATION; INFLATABLE EQUIPMENT; PARACHUTES; SPACECRAFT LANDING;

SPACE FLIGHT;

EID: 33845788728     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (140)

1. Perminov, V. G., "The Difficult Road to Mars - A Brief History of Mars Exploration in the Soviet Union." NASA Monographs in Aerospace History Number 15, NASA NP-1999-06-251-HQ. 1999.
2. Ravnitzky, M. J., Patel, S. N., and Lawrence, R. A., "To Fall from Space: Parachutes and the Space Program." AIAA Paper 89-0926, 1989.
3. Knacke, T. W., Parachute Recovery Systems Design Manual, Para Publishing, Santa Barbara. California, 1992.
4. (Also available as U.S. Naval Weapons Center Report NWC-TP-6575.)
5. Ewing, E. G., Bixby, H. W., and Knacke, T. W., "Recovery System Design Guide," AFFDL-TR-78-151,1978.
6. Worth, R. N., "Descent and Landing Systems for Unmanned Mars Entry." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 3, No. 12, 1966, pp. 1744-1748.
7. Gillis, C. L., "Deployable Aerodynamic Decelerators for Space Missions." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. Vol. 6, No. 8, 1969, pp. 885-890.
8. Anon., "Titan/Mars Hard Lander, Volume 1: 1400 lb Capsule System Design Study," NASA CR-66727-1, 1969.
9. Maynard, J. D., "Aerodynamic Characteristics of Parachutes at Mach Numbers from 1.6 to 3," NASA TN D-752,1961.
10. Charczenko, N., "Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Drag and Stability of Parachutes at Supersonic Speeds." NASA TM X-991. 1964.
11. Mayhue, R. J. and Bobbitt, P. J., "Drag Characteristics of a Disk-Gap-Band Parachute with a Nominal Diameter of 1.65 Meters at Mach Numbers from 2.0 to 3.0," NASA TN D-6894, 1972.
12. Charczenko, N. and McShera, T., "Aerodynamic Characteristics of Towed Cones Used as Decelerators at Mach Numbers from 1.57 to 4.65," NASA TN D-994, 1961.
13. Charczenko, N., "Aerodynamic Characteristics of Towed Spheres, Conical Rings, and Cones Used as Decelerators at Mach Numbers from 1.57 to 4.65,"NASA TN D-1789, 1963.
14. McShera, J. T., "Aerodynamic Drag and Stability Characteristics of Towed Inflatable Decelerators at Supersonic Speeds," NASATND-1601, 1963.
15. Barton, R. R., "Development of Attached Inflatable Decelerators for Supersonic Applications," NASA CR-66613, 1968.
16. Mikulas Jr., M. M. and Bohon, H. L., "Development Status of Attached Inflatable Decelerators," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 6, No. 6, 1969, pp. 654-660.
17. Bohon, H. L. and Miserentino, H. L., "Deployment and Performance Characteristics of 5-Foot-Diameter (1.5 m) Attached Inflatable Decelerators from Mach Number 2.2 to 4.4," NASA TN D-5840, 1970.
18. Bohon, H. L., Sawyer, J. W., and Miserentino, R., "Deployment and Performance Characteristics of 1.5-Meter Supersonic Attached Inflatable Decelerators," NASA TN D-7550, 1974.
19. Boettcher, E. W., "Planetary Entry Parachute Program, Cross Parachute Engineering Design Report," NASA CR-66590, 1967.
20. Eckstrom, C. V. and Murrow, H. N., "Flight Test of a 40-Foot-Nominal-Diameter Modified Ringsail Parachute Deployed at a Mach Number of 1.64 and a Dynamic Pressure of 9.1 Pounds per Square Foot," NASA TM X-1484, 1967.
21. Eckstrom, C. V. and Preisser, J. S., "Flight Test of a 30-Foot-Nominal-Diameter Disk-Gap-Band Parachute Deployed at a Mach Number of 1.56 and a Dynamic Pressure of 11.4 Pounds per Square Foot," NASA TM X-1451,1967.
22. Darnell, W. L., Henning, A. B., and Lundstrom, R. R., "Flight Test of a 15-Foot-Diameter (4.6 Meter) 120° Conical Spacecraft Simulating Parachute Deployment in a Mars Atmosphere," NASA TN D-4266, 1967.
23. Lemke, R. A., "Final Report: 40 Ft DGB parachute," NASA CR-66587, 1967.
24. Lemke, R. A., Moroney, R. D., Neuhaus, T. J., and Niccum, R. J., "Design Report, 65 Foot Diameter D-G-B Parachute, Planetary Entry Parachute Program," NASA-CR-66589, 1967.
25. McFall, J. C. and Murrow Jr., H. N., "Parachute Testing at Altitudes Between 30 and 90 Kilometers," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 4, June, 1967, pp. 796-798.
26. Preisser, J. S. and Eckstrom, C. V., "Flight Test of a 31.2-Foot-Diameter Modified Ringsail Parachute Deployed at a Mach Number of 1.39 and a Dynamic Pressure of 11.0 Pounds per Square Foot," NASA TM X-1414,1967.
27. 0 Ringsail Parachute, Planetary Entry Parachute Program," NASA CR-66588, 1967.
28. Whitlock, C. H., Bendura, R. J., and Coltrane, L. C., "Performance of a 26-Meter-Diameter Ringsail Parachute in a Simulated Martian Environment," NASA TM X-1356, 1967.
29. Bendura, R. J., Huckins III, E. K., and Coltrane, L. C., "Performance of a 19.7-Meter-Diameter Disk-Gap-Band Parachute in a Simulated Martian Environment," NASA TM X-1499, 1968.
30. Eckstrom, C. V. and Preisser, J. S., "Flight Test of a 40-Foot-Nominal-Diameter Disk-Gap-Band Parachute Deployed at a Mach Number of 2.72 and a Dynamic Pressure of 9.7 Pounds per Square Foot," NASA TM X-1623,1968.
31. th Annual Technical Meeting, Institute of Environmental Sciences, 1968, pp. 469-475.
32. Lundstrom, R. R., Darnell, W. L., and Coltrane, L. C., "Performance of a 16.6-Meter-Diameter Cross Parachute in a Simulated Martian Environment," NASA TM X-1543, 1968.
33. Lundstrom, R. R., Darnell, W. L., and Henning, A. B., "A Method for Making Large-Scale Decelerator Tests in a Simulated Mars Environment," AIAA Paper 68-241, 1968.
34. Preisser, J. S. and Eckstrom, C. V., "Flight Test of a 30-Foot-Nominal-Diameter Cross Parachute Deployed at a Mach Number of 1.57 and a Dynamic Pressure of 9.7 Pounds per Square Foot," NASA TM X-1542, 1968.
35. Preisser, J. S. and Eckstrom, C. V., "Flight Test of a 40-Foot-Nominal-Diameter Disk-Gap-Band Parachute Deployed at a Mach Number of 1.91 and a Dynamic Pressure of 11.6 Pounds per Square Foot," NASA TMX-1575, 1968.
36. Whitlock, C. H., Henning, A. B., and Coltrane, L. C., "Performance of a 16.6-Meter-Diameter Modified Ringsail Parachute in a Simulated Martian Environment," NASA TM X-1500, 1968.
37. Murrow, H. N. and McFall Jr., J. C., "Some Test Results from the NASA Planetary Entry Parachute Program," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 6, No. 5, 1969, pp. 621-623.
38. Whitlock, C. H. and Bendura, R. J., "Inflation and Performance of Three Parachute Configurations from Supersonic Flight Tests in a Low-Density Environment." NASA TN D-5296, 1969.
39. Eckstrom, C. V., "High-Altitude Flight Test of a 40-Foot-Diameter (12.2-meter) Ringsail Parachute at a Deployment Mach Number of 2.95," NASA TN D-5796, 1970.
40. Eckstrom, C. V., "Flight Test of a 40-Foot-Nominal-Diameter Disk-Gap-Band Parachute Deployed at a Mach Number of 3.31 and a Dynamic Pressure of 10.6 Pounds per Square Foot,"NASA TM X-1924, 1970.
41. Murrow, H. N. and Eckstrom, C. V., "Low- and High-Altitude Tests of Parachutes Designed for Use in Low-Density Atmospheres," AIAA Paper 70-1164, 1970.
42. Eckstrom, C. V. and Murrow, H. N., "Flight Tests of Cross, Modified Ringsail, and Disk-Gap-Band Parachutes from a Deployment Altitude of 3.05 km (10 000 ft)," NASA TM X-2221, 1971.
43. Preisser, J. S. and Grow, R. B., "High-Altitude Flight Test of a Reefed 12.2-Meter-Diameter Disk-Gap-Band Parachute with Deployment at a Mach Number of 2.58," NASA TN D-6469, 1971.
44. Eckstrom, C. V. and Branscome, D. R., "High-Altitude Flight Test of a Disk-Gap-Band Parachute Deployed Behind a Bluff Body at a Mach Number of 2.69," NASA TM X-2671, 1972.
45. Henning, A. B. and Lundstrom, R. R., "Flight Test of an Erectable Spacecraft Used for Decelerator Testing at Simulated Mars Entry Conditions," NASA TN D-6910, 1972.
46. Lau, R. A. and Hussong, J. C., "The Viking Mars Lander Decelerator System," AIAA Paper.70-1162,1970.
47. Gillis, C. L., "The Viking Decelerator System - An Overview," AIAA Paper 73-442, 1973.
48. Jaremenko, I., Steinberg, S., and Faye-Petersen, R., "Scale Model Test Results of the Viking Parachute System at Mach Numbers from 0.1 through 2.6," NASA CR-149377, 1971.
49. Reichenau, D. E. A., "Aerodynamic Characteristics of Disk-Gap-Band Parachutes in the Wake of Viking Entry Forebodies at Mach Numbers from 0.2 to 2.6," AEDC-TR-72-78, 1972.
50. Steinberg, S., Siemers III, P. M., and Slayman, R. G., "Development of the Viking Parachute Configuration by Wind-Tunnel Investigation," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1974, pp. 101-107.
51. Murrow, H. N., Eckstrom, C. V., and Henke, D. W., "Development Flight Tests of the Viking Decelerator System," AIAA Paper 73-455, 1973.
52. Dickinson, D., Schlemmer. J., Hicks, F., Michel, F., and Moog, R. D., "Balloon Launched Decelerator Test Program, Post-Flight Test Report, BLDT Vehicle AV-1," NASA CR-112176, 1972.
53. Dickinson, D., Schlemmer, J., Hicks, F., Michel, F., and Moog, R. D., "Balloon Launched Decelerator Test Program, Post-Flight Test Report, BLDT Vehicle AV-2," NASA CR-112177, 1972.
54. Dickinson, D., Schlemmer, J., Hicks, F., Michel, F., and Moog, R. D., "Balloon Launched Decelerator Test Program, Post-Flight Test Report, BLDT Vehicle AV-3," NASA CR-112178, 1973.
55. Dickinson, D., Schlemmer, J., Hicks, F., Michel, F., and Moog, R. D., "Balloon Launched Decelerator Test Program, Post-Flight Test Report, BLDT Vehicle AV-4," NASA CR-112179, 1972.
56. Moog, R. D. and Michel, F. C., "Balloon Launched Viking Decelerator Test Program Summary Report," NASA CR-112288, 1973.
57. Raper, J. L., Lundstrom, R. R., and Michel, F. C., "The Viking Parachute Qualification Test Technique," AIAA Paper 73-456, 1973.
58. Lundstrom, R. R., Raper, J. L., Bendura, R. J., and Shields, E. W., "Flight Tests of Viking Parachute System in Three Mach Number Regimes. Part I - Vehicle Description, Test Operations, and Performance," NASA TN D-7692, 1974.
59. Bendura, R. J., Lundstrom, R. R., Renfroe, P. G., and LeCroy, S. R., "Flight Tests of Viking Parachute System in Three Mach Number Regimes, Part II - Parachute Test Results," NASA TN D-7734, 1974.
60. Moog, R. D., Bendura, R. J., Timmons, J. D., and Lau, R. A., "Qualification Tests of the Viking Decelerator System," Journal of Space craft and Rockets, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1974, pp. 188-195.
61. Brecht, J. P., Pleasants, J. E., and Mehring, R. D., "The Viking Mortar: Design, Development, and Flight Qualification," AIAA Paper 73-458, 1973.
62. Anon., "Viking Lander "As Built" Performance Capabilities," Martin Marietta Corp. Report, NASA Contract NAS1-9000, 1976.
63. Ingoldby, R. N., Michel, F. C., Flaherty, T. M., Doty, M. G., Preston, B., Villyard, K. W., and Steele, R. D., "Entry Data Analysis for Viking Landers 1 and 2 - Final Report,"NASA CR-159388, 1976.
64. Brodsky, R. F. (ed.), Pioneer Venus - Case Study in Spacecraft Design, AIAA Professional Study Series, AIAA, Reston. Virginia, 1979.
65. Talley, R. G., "Pioneer Venus Deceleration Module Final Report," General Electric, Re-entry Environmental Systems Division, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1978.
66. Nolte, L. J. and Sommer, S. C., "Probing a Planetary Atmosphere: Pioneer Venus Spacecraft Description." AIAA Paper 75-1160, 1975.
67. Rodier, R. W., Thuss, R. J., and Terhune, J. E., "Parachute Design for the Galileo Jupiter Entry Probe." AIAA Paper 81-1951, 1981.
68. Vojvodich, N. S., Drean, R. J., Schaupp, R. W., and Farless, D. L., "Galileo Atmospheric Entry Probe Mission Description," AIAA Paper 83-0100, 1983.
69. Corridan, R., Givens, J., and Kepley, B., "Transonic Wind Tunnel Investigation of the Galileo Probe Parachute Configuration," AIAA Paper 84-0823, 1984
70. McMenamin, H. J. and Pochettino, L. R., "Galileo Parachute System Modification Program." AIAA Paper 84-0824, 1984.
71. McMenamin, H. J., "Galileo Parachute System Performance," AIAA Paper 97-1510, 1997.
72. Braun, R. D. and Manning, R. M., "Mars Exploration Entry, Descent, and Landing Challenges." IEEEAC Paper 0076, 2006.
73. Fallon II, E. J., "System Design Overview of the Mars Pathfinder Decelerator Subsystem," AIAA Paper 97-1511, 1997.
74. Witkowski, A., "Mars Pathfinder Parachute System Performance," AIAA Paper 99-1701, 1999.
75. Desai, P. N., Schofield, J. T., and Lisano, M. E., "Flight Reconstruction of the Mars Pathfinder Disk-Gap-Band Parachute Drag Coefficient.," AIAA Paper 2003-2126, 2003.
76. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "1998 Mars Missions Press Kit," NASA, 1998.
77. JPL Special Review Board, "Report on the Loss of the Mars Polar Lander and Deep Space 2 Missions," JPL D-18709, 2000.
78. Witkowski, A., Kandis, M., Bruno, R., and Cruz, J. R., "Mars Exploration Rover Parachute System Performance," AIAA Paper 2005-1605, 2005.
79. Desai, P. N. and Knocke, P. C., "Mars Exploration Rovers Entry, Descent, and Landing Trajectory Analysis." AIAA Paper 2004-5092, 2004.
80. Witkowski, A. and Bruno, R., "Mars Exploration Rover Parachute Decelerator System Program Overview," AIAA Paper 2003-2100, 2003.
81. Steltzner, A., Desai, P., Lee, W., and Bruno, R., "The Mars Exploration Rovers Entry Descent and Landing and the Use of Aerodynamic Decelerators," AIAA Paper 2003-2125, 2003.
82. Steltzner, A., Cruz, J., Bruno, R., and Mitcheltree, R., "Opportunities and Limitations in Low Earth Subsonic Testing for Qualification of Extraterrestrial Supersonic Parachute Designs," AIAA Paper 2003-2135, 2003.
83. Vasas, R. E. and Styner, J., "Mars Exploration Rover Parachute Mortar Deployer Development," AIAA Paper 2003-2137, 2003.
84. Cruz, J. R., Mineck, R. E., Keller, D. F., and Bobskill, M. V., "Wind Tunnel Testing of Various Disk-Gap-Band Parachutes," AIAA Paper 2003-2129, 2003.
85. Taeger, Y. and Witkowski, A., "A Summary of Dynamic Testing of the Mars Exploration Rover Parachute Decelerator System," AIAA Paper 2003-2127, 2003.
86. Way, D. W., Desai, P. N., Engelund, W. C., Cruz, J. R., and Hughes, S. J., "Design and Analysis of the Drop Test Vehicle for the Mars Exploration Rover Parachute Structural Tests," AIAA Paper 2003-2128, 2003.
87. Cruz, J. R., Kandis, M., and Witkowski, A., "Opening Loads Analyses for Various Disk-Gap-Band Parachutes," AIAA Paper 2003-2131, 2003.
88. Zell, P. T., Cruz, J. R., and Witkowski, A., "Structural Testing of Parachutes in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex 80-by-120-foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center," AIAA Paper 2003-2130, 2003.
89. Mitcheltree, R. A., "Dynamic Scaling for Earth Based Testing of Mars Terminal Descent Dynamics," AIAA Paper 2003-5391 2003.
90. Raiszadeh, B. and Queen, E. M., "Mars Exploration Rover Terminal Descent Mission Modeling and Simulation," AAS 04-271, 2004.
91. Bonnefoy, R., Link D., et al., "Beagle 2 ESA/UK Commission of Inquiry," 2004.
92. Fallen, E. J. and Sinclair, R., "Design and Development of the Main Parachute for the Beagle 2 Mars Lander," AIAA Paper 2003-2153, 2003.
93. Haig, A., "Five Month Program for the New Main Parachute for the Beagle 2 Mars Lander," AIAA Paper 2003-2170, 2003.
94. Northey, D., "The Main Parachute for the Beagle 2 Mars Lander." AIAA 2003-2171, 2003.
95. Way, D. W., Powell, R. W., Chen, A., and Steltzner, A. D., "Asymptotic Parachute Performance Sensitivity," IEEEAC Paper 1465, 2005.
96. Neal, M. F. and Wellings, P. J., "Descent Control Subsystem for the Huygens Probe," AIAA Paper 95-1533, 1995.
97. Lingard, J. S. and Underwood, J. C., "The Effect of Low Density Atmospheres on the Aerodynamic Coefficients of Parachutes," AIAA Paper 95-1556, 1995.
98. Lingard, J. S. and Underwood, J. C., "Wind Tunnel Testing of Disk-Gap-Parachutes related to the Cassini Huygens Mission," AIAA Paper 93-1200, 1993.
99. Underwood, J. C. and Sinclair, R. J. "Wind Tunnel Testing of Parachutes for the Huygens Probe," The Aeronautical Journal, October 1997.
100. Underwood, J. C., "Development Testing of Disk-Gap-Band Parachutes for the Huygens Probe." AIAA Paper 95-1549, 1995.
101. Underwood, J. C., "A System Drop Test of the Huygens Probe," AIAA Paper 97-1429, 1997.
102. Jäkel, E., Rideau, P., Nugteren, P. R., Underwood, J., Faucon, P., and Lebreton, J.-P., "Drop Test of the Huygens Probe from a Stratospheric Balloon," Advances in Space Research, Vol. 21, No. 7, 1998, pp. 1033-1039.
103. nd International Planetary Probe Workshop, August 23 - 26, 2004, NASA Ames Conference Center. Moffett Field, California USA, 2004.
104. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "Genesis Sample Return Press Kit," NASA, 2004.
105. Haggard, R., Brown, G., and Corwin, R., "Parafoil Mid-Air Retrieval for Space Sample Return Missions," AIAA Paper 2001-2018, 2001.
106. Ryschkewitsch, M., et al., "Genesis Mishap Investigation Board Report, Volume I," NASA, 2005.
107. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "Stardust Sample Return Press Kit," NASA, 2006.
108. Witkowski, A., "The Stardust Sample Return Capsule Parachute Recovery System," AIAA Paper 99-1741, 1999.
109. Strickland J. H. and Higuchi H., "Parachute Aerodynamics: an Assessment of Prediction Capability (1995)," AIAA Paper 95-1531, 1995.
110. Klimas, P. C., "Internal Parachute Flows," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1972, pp. 313-314.
111. Klimas, P. C., "Fluid Mass Associated with an Axisymmetric Parachute Canopy," AIAA Paper 75-1352, 1975.
112. Klimas, P. C., "Inflating Parachute Differential Pressures," Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 16, No. 12, 1979, p. 861.
113. Meyer, J. and Purvis, J. W., "Vortex Lattice Theory Applied to Parachute Canopy Configurations." AIAA Paper 84-0795, 1984.
114. Strickland, J. H., "On the Utilization of Vortex Methods for Parachute Aerodynamic Predictions," AIAA Paper 86-2455, 1986.
115. Strickland, J. H., "A Vortex Panel Analysis of Circular-Arc Bluff Bodies in Unsteady Flow," AIAA Paper 89-0930, 1989.
116. Higuchi H. and Park W. C., "Computations of Flow Past Solid and Slotted Two Dimensional Bluff Bodies with Vortex Tracing Method," AIAA Paper 89-0929, 1989.
117. Strickland, J. H., "A Prediction Method for Unsteady Axisymmetric Flow Over Parachutes," AIAA Paper 93-1217, 1993.
118. McCoy, H. H. and Werme, T. D., "Axisymmetric Vortex Lattice Methods Applied to Parachute Shapes," AIAA Paper 86-2456, 1986.
119. Strickland, J. H., Homicz, G. F., Gossler, A. A., and Porter, V. L., "On the Development of a Gridless Inflation Code for Parachute Simulations," AIAA Paper 2001-2000, 2001.
120. Strickland, J. H., Porter, V. L., and Homicz, G. F., "Fluid- Structure Coupling for Lightweight Flexible Bodies," AIAA Paper 2003-2157, 2003.
121. Chatzikonstantinou, T., "Numerical Analysis of Three-Dimensional Non Rigid Wings," AIAA Paper 89-907, 1989.
122. Chatzikonstantinou, T., "Recent Advances in the Numerical Analysis of Ram Air Wings - The Three Dimensional Simulation Code 'PARA3D'," AIAA Paper 93-1203, 1993.
123. Chatzikonstantinou, T., "Problems in Ram Air Wing Modeling and Their Solution in the Three Dimensional Simulation Code'PARA3D'," AIAA Paper 99-1716, 1999.
124. Barnette D. W., "Preliminary Numerical Simulations for Parachutes Using a Navier Stokes Solver on a Zoned Grid," AIAA Paper 91-0876, 1991.
125. Nelsen, J. M., "Computational Fluid Dynamics Studies of Solid and Ribbon 12-Gore Parachute Canopies in Subsonic and Supersonic Flow," AIAA Paper 95-1558, 1995.
126. Sahu, J., Cooper, G., and Benney R., "3-D Parachute Descent Analysis Using Coupled CFD and Structural Codes," AIAA Paper 95-1580, 1995.
127. Stein, K. R., Benney, R. J., Kairo, V., Johnson, A. A., and Tezduyar, T. E., "Parallel Computation of Parachute Fluid-Structure Interactions," AIAA Paper 97-1505, 1997.
128. Stein, K. R., Benney, R. J., Tezduyar, T., Kairo, V., Leonard, J. W., and Accorsi, M. L., "3-D computation of Parachute Fluid-Structure Interactions - Performance and Control," AIAA Paper 99-1714, 1999.
129. Accorsi, M. L., Lu, K., Leonard, J. W., Benney, R. J., and Stein, K. R., "Issues in Parachute Structural Modeling -Damping and Wrinkling," AIAA Paper 99-1729, 1999.
130. Benney, R. J., Stein K. R., Tezduyar, T. E., Accorsi, M. L., Zhang, W., and Leonard, J. W., "Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of the U.S. Army Personnel Parachute System," AIAA Paper 2000-4310, 2000.
131. Steeves, E. C., "Prediction of Decelerator Behavior Using Computational Fluid Dynamics," AIAA Paper 86-2457, 1986.
132. Steeves, E. C., "Analysis of Decelerators in Motion Using Computational Fluid Dynamics," AIAA Paper 89-0931, 1989.
133. Stein, K., "Computations of the Flow Characteristics of Aerodynamic Decelerators using Computational Fluid Dynamics," AIAA Paper 91-0866, 1991.
134. Taylor, A. P., "An Investigation of Apparent Mass of Parachutes under Post Inflation Collapse Dynamic Loading Through the Use of Fluid Structure Interaction Simulations," AIAA Paper 2003-2104, 2003.
135. Tutt, B. and Taylor, A. P., "The Use of LS- DYNA to Simulate the Inflation of a Parachute Canopy," AIAA Paper 2005-1608, 2005.
136. Lingard, J. S. and Darley, M. G., "Simulation of Parachute Fluid Structure Interaction in Supersonic Flow." AIAA Paper 2005-1607, 2005.
137. th International Conference on Atmospheric Reentry Vehicles and Systems, Areachon, France, March 2005.
138. Witkowski, A., Machalick, W., and Taeger, Y., "Mars Subsonic Parachute Technology Task System Overview," AIAA Paper 2005-1657, 2005.
139. Mitcheltree, R., Bruno, R., Slimko, E., Baffes, C., Konefat, E., and Witkowski, A., "High Altitude Test Program for a Mars Subsonic Parachute," AIAA Paper 2005-1659, 2005.
140. Brown, G. J., Epp, C., Graves, C., Lingard, J. S., Darley, M. G., "Hypercone Inflatable Supersonic Decelerator," AIAA Paper 2003-2167, 2003.