An examination of the process and magnitude of ionospheric plasma supply to the magnetosphere

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 110, Issue A12, 2005, Pages

  Huddleston, M M ^a,b   Chappell, C R ^a   Delcourt, D C ^c   Moore, T E ^d   Giles, B L ^d   Chandler, M O ^e  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Harpeth Hall School ^*  (United States)

^c SERVICE D AÉRONOMIE DU CNRS   (France)

^d NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^e NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845762719     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004JA010401     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Abe, T., B. A. Whalen, A. W. Yau, R. E. Horita, S. Watanabe, and E. Sagawa (1993), EXOS D (Akebono) suprathermal mass spectrometer observations of the polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 11,191.
2. Abe, T., S. Watanabe, B. A. Whalen, A. W. Yau, and E. Sagawa (1996), Observations of polar wind and thermal ion outflow by Akebono/SMS, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 48, 319.
3. Amoldy, R. L. (1993), Transverse ion acceleration by active experiments, in Auroral Plasma Dynamics, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 80, edited by R. L. Lysak, p. 195, AGU, Washington, D. C.
4. Banks, P. M., and T. E. Holzer (1968), The polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 6846.
5. + velocity distribution in the polar wind, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1857.
6. Baumjohann, W., G. Paschmann, and C. A. Cattell (1989), Average plasma properties in the central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6597.
7. Brinton, H. C., J. M. Grebowski, and H. G. Mayr (1971), Altitude variation of ion composition in the mid-latitude trough region: Evidence for upward plasma flow, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3738.
8. Carpenter, D. L. (1963), Whistler evidence of a "knee" in the magnetospheric ionization density profile, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 1675.
9. Chandler, M. O., J. H. Waite Jr., and T. E. Moore (1991), Observations of polar ion outflows, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1421.
10. Chappell, C. R., T. E. Moore, and J. H. Waite Jr. (1987), The ionosphere as a fully adequate source of plasma for the Earth's magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5896.
11. Chappell, C. R., B. L. Giles, T. E. Moore, D. C. Delcourt, P. D. Craven, and M. O. Chandler (2000), The adequacy of the ionospheric source in supplying magnetospheric plasma, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 62, 421.
12. Cladis, J. B. (1986), Parallel acceleration and transport of ions from polar ionosphere to plasma sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 893.
13. Cladis, J. B., and W. E. Francis (1992), Distribution in magnetotail of O+ ions from cusp/cleft ionosphere: A possible substorm trigger, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 123.
14. Collin, H. L., R. D. Sharp, and E. G. Shelley (1984), The magnitude and composition of the outflow of energetic ions from the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2185.
15. Collin, H. L., W. K. Peterson, J. F. Drake, and A. W. Yau (1988), The helium components of energetic terrestrial ion upflows: Their occurrence, morphology, and intensity, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7558.
16. Cully, C. M., E. F. Donovan, A. W. Yau, and G. G. Arkos (2003a), Akebono/Suprathermal Mass Spectrometer observations of low-energy ion outflow: Dependence on magnetic activity and solar wind conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A2), 1093, doi:10.1029/2001JA009200.
17. Cully, C. M., E. F. Donovan, A. W. Yau, and H. J. Opgenoorth (2003b), Supply of thermal ionospheric ions to the central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A2), 1092, doi:10.1029/2002JA009457.
18. Daglis, I. A., and W. I. Axford (1996), Fast ionospheric response to enhanced activity in goespace: Ion feeding of the inner magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 5047.
19. Delcourt, D. (1985), Circulation des ions ionospheriques suprathermiques dans la magnetosphere terrestre, Ph.D. thesis, Toulouse Univ., Toulouse, France.
20. Delcourt, D. C., B. L. Giles, C. R. Chappell, and T. E. Moore (1988), Low-energy bouncing ions in the magnetosphere: A three-dimensional numerical study of Dynamics Explorer 1 data, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1859.
21. Delcourt, D. C., C. R. Chappell, T. E. Moore, and J. H. Waite Jr. (1989), A three-dimensional numerical model of ionospheric plasma in the magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,893.
22. Delcourt, D. C., J. A. Sauvaud, and T. E. Moore (1993), Polar wind ion dynamics in the magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 9155.
23. Delcourt, D. C., R. F. Martin Jr., J. A. Sauvaud, and T. E. Moore (1995), Centrifugal trapping in the magnetotail, Ann. Geophys., 13, 242.
24. Drakou, E., A. W. Yau, and T. Abe (1997), Ion temperature measurements from the Akebono suprathermal mass spectrometer: Application to the polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 17,523.
25. Eastman, T. E., L. A. Frank, and C. Y. Huang (1985), The boundary layers as the primary transport regions of the Earth's magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9541.
26. Elphic, R. C., M. F. Thomsen, and J. E. Borovsky (1997), The fate of the outer plasmasphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 365.
27. Ganguli, S. B. (1996), The polar wind, Rev. Geophys., 34, 311.
28. Harvey, P., et al. (1995), The electric field instrument on the Polar satellite, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 583.
29. Horwitz, J. L., C. W. Ho, H. D. Scarbro, G. R. Wilson, and T. E. Moore (1994), Centrifugal acceleration of the polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,051.
30. Huang, C. Y., and L. A. Frank (1994), A statistical survey of the central plasma sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 83.
31. Hultqvist, B. (1982), Recent progress in the understanding of the ion composition in the magnetosphere and some major question marks, Rev. Geophys., 20, 589.
32. Kivelson, M. G., and H. E. Spence (1988), On the possibility of quasi-static convection in the quiet magnetotail, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1541.
33. Kondo, T., B. A. Whalen, A. W. Yau, and W. K. Peterson (1990), Statistical analysis of upflowing ion beam and conic distributions at DE 1 altitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 12,091.
34. Kremser, G., and R. Lundin (1990), Average spatial distributions of energetic particles in the midaltitude cusp/cleft region observed by Viking, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5753.
35. Lennartsson, O. W. (2001), Ion composition aspects of magnetotail plasma flows, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15,621.
36. + ions near the dayside polar cap boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4099.
37. Lockwood, M., T. E. Moore, J. H. Waite Jr., C. R. Chappell, and J. L. Horwitz (1985b), The geomagnetic mass spectrometer - Mass and energy dispersions of ionospheric ion flows into the magnetosphere, Nature, 316, 612.
38. + in association with auroral electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2049.
39. Moore, T. E., J. H. Waite Jr., M. Lockwood, and C. R. Chappell (1986), Observations of coherent transverse ion acceleration, in Ion Acceleration in the Magnetosphere and Ionosphere, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 38, edited by T. Chang, p. 50, AGU, Washington, D. C.
40. Moore, T. E., et al. (1995), The thermal ion dynamics experiment and plasma source instrument, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 409.
41. Moore, T. E., W. K. Peterson, C. T. Russell, M. O. Chandler, M. R. Collier, H. L. Collin, P. D. Craven, R. Fitzenreiter, B. L. Giles, and C. J. Pollock (1999), Ionospheric mass ejection in response to a CME, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2339.
42. Nagai, T., J. F. E. Johnson, and C. R. Chappell (1983), Low-energy (less than 100 eV) ion pitch angle distributions in the magnetosphere by ISEE 1, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 6944.
43. Nishida, A. (1999), Geotail Mission: Accomplishments and prospects, in Sun-Earth Plasma Connections, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 109, edited by J. L. Burch, R. L. Carovillano, and S. K. Antiochos, p. 19, AGU, Washington, D. C.
44. Peterson, W. K., H. L. Collin, A. W. Yau, and O. W. Lennartsson (2001), Polar/Toroidal Imaging Mass-Angle Spectrograph observations of suprathermal ion outflow during solar minimum conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 6059.
45. Pollock, C. J., M. O. Chandler, T. E. Moore, J. H. Waite Jr.; C. R. Chappell, and D. A. Gurnett (1990), A survey of upwelling ion event characteristics, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18,969.
46. Sauvaud, J. A., and D. Delcourt (1987), A numerical study of suprathermal ionospheric ion trajectories in three-dimensional electric and magnetic field models, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5873.
47. Sauvaud, J. A., et al. (2004), Case studies of the dynamics of ionospheric ions in the Earth's magnetotail, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A12213, doi:10.1029/2003JA010333.
48. Schunk, R. W. (1988), A mathematical model of the middle and high latitude ionosphere, in Ionospheric Modeling, edited by J. N. Korenkov, p. 255-303, Springer, New York.
49. Schunk, R. W., and J. J. Sojka (1997), Global ionosphere-polar wind system during changing magnetic activity, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11,625.
50. Scudder, J., et al. (1995), Hydra-A 3-dimensional electron and ion hot plasma instrument for the Polar spacecraft of the GGS mission, Space Sci. Rev., 71, 459.
51. Scudder, J. D., X. Cao, and F. S. Mozer (2000), Photoemission current-spacecraft voltage relation: key to routine quantitative low-energy plasma measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 21,281.
52. Seki, K., M. Hirahara, M. Hoshino, T. Terasawa, R. C. Elphic, Y. Saito, T. Mukai, H. Hayakawa, H. Kojima, and H. Matsumoto (2003), Cold ions in the hot plasma sheet of Earth's magnetotail, Nature, 422, 589.
53. Shelley, E. G., R. G. Johnson, and R. D. Sharp (1972), Satellite observations of energetic heavy ions during a geomagnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 6104.
54. Spika, J. J., and R. W. Schunk (1983), A theoretical study of the high-latitude F region's response to magnetospheric storm inputs, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 2112.
55. Sojka, J. J., R. W. Schunk, J. F. E. Johnson, J. H. Waite, and C. R. Chappell (1983), Characteristics of thermal and suprathermal ions associated with the dayside plasma trough as measured by the Dynamics Explorer Retarding Ion Mass Spectrometer, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 7895.
56. Su, Y.-J., J. L. Horwitz, T. E. Moore, B. L. Giles, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, M. Hirahara, and C. J. Pollock (1998a), Polar wind survey with the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment/Plasma Source Instrument suite aboard POLAR, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 29,305.
57. E altitude, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 2279.
58. Tsyganenko, N. A. (1989), A magnetospheric magnetic field model with a warped tail current sheet, Planet. Space Sci., 37, 5.
59. Volland, H. (1979), Semiempirical models of magnetospheric electric fields, in Quantitative Modeling of Magnetospheric Processes, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 21, edited by W. P. Olson, p. 261, AGU, Washington, D. C.
60. Waite, J. H., Jr., T. E. Moore, M. O. Chandler, M. Lockwood, A. Persoon, and M. Suguira (1986), Ion energization in upwelling ion events, in Ion Acceleration in the Magnetosphere and Ionosphere, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 38, edited by T. S. Chang, p. 61, AGU, Washington, D. C.
61. Yau, A. W., and M. Andre (1997), Sources of ion outflow in the high latitude ionosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 80, 1.
62. Yau, A. W., W. K. Peterson, and E. G. Shelley (1988), Quantitative parametrization of energetic ionospheric ion outflow, in Modeling Magnetospheric Plasma, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 44, edited by T. E. Moore and J. H. Waite, p. 211, AGU, Washington, D. C.