메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 69-78

Seed germination of cirsium arvense and Lepidium latifolium: Implications for management of montane wetlands

Author keywords

Cirsium arvense; Invasive species; Lepidium latifolium; Seed depth; Soil moisture

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; GERMINATION; INVASIVE SPECIES; MONTANE FOREST; PROBABILITY; SOIL DEPTH; SOIL MOISTURE; WEED; WETLAND;

EID: 33845762252     PISSN: 02775212     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[69:SGOCAA]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 33845744601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement by Secretary of the Interior on invasive alien species
    • Denver, CO, USA
    • Babbitt, B. 1998. Statement by Secretary of the Interior on invasive alien species. Proceedings of the National Weed Symposium, Denver, CO, USA.
    • (1998) Proceedings of the National Weed Symposium
    • Babbitt, B.1
  • 4
    • 0037869890 scopus 로고
    • A comparative life-history study of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, and Tussilago farfara (L.), the most troublesome weeds in the newly reclaimed polders of the former Zuiderzee
    • J. L. Harper (ed.) Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England
    • Bakker, D. 1960. A comparative life-history study of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, and Tussilago farfara (L.), the most troublesome weeds in the newly reclaimed polders of the former Zuiderzee. p. 205-222. In J. L. Harper (ed.) The Biology of Weeds. Symposium of the British Ecology Society, Number 1, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England.
    • (1960) The Biology of Weeds. Symposium of the British Ecology Society , vol.1 , pp. 205-222
    • Bakker, D.1
  • 6
    • 0024932749 scopus 로고
    • Leafy spurge and the species composition of a mixed-grass prairie
    • Belcher, J. W. and S. D. Wilson. 1989. Leafy spurge and the species composition of a mixed-grass prairie. Journal of Range Management 42:172-175.
    • (1989) Journal of Range Management , vol.42 , pp. 172-175
    • Belcher, J.W.1    Wilson, S.D.2
  • 7
    • 0036249449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amidohydrolase activity, soil N status, and the invasive crucifer Lepidium latifolium
    • Blank, R. R. 2002. Amidohydrolase activity, soil N status, and the invasive crucifer Lepidium latifolium. Plant and Soil 239:155-163.
    • (2002) Plant and Soil , vol.239 , pp. 155-163
    • Blank, R.R.1
  • 8
    • 0008943399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lepidium latifolium: Influences on soil properties, rate of spread, and competitive nature
    • J. H. Brock, M. Wade, P. Pyšek, and D. Green (eds.). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • Blank, R. R. and J. A. Young. 1997. Lepidium latifolium: influences on soil properties, rate of spread, and competitive nature, p. 69-80. In J. H. Brock, M. Wade, P. Pyšek, and D. Green (eds.) Plant Invasions: Studies from North America and Europe. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    • (1997) Plant Invasions: Studies from North America and Europe , pp. 69-80
    • Blank, R.R.1    Young, J.A.2
  • 9
    • 0036915058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the exotic invasive crucifer, Lepidium latifolium, on soil properties and elemental cycling
    • Blank, R. R. and J. A. Young. 2002. Influence of the exotic invasive crucifer, Lepidium latifolium, on soil properties and elemental cycling. Soil Science 167:821-829.
    • (2002) Soil Science , vol.167 , pp. 821-829
    • Blank, R.R.1    Young, J.A.2
  • 10
    • 0012722324 scopus 로고
    • Seed germination strategies of five perennial weeds
    • Bostock, S. J. 1978. Seed germination strategies of five perennial weeds. Oecologia 36:113-126.
    • (1978) Oecologia , vol.36 , pp. 113-126
    • Bostock, S.J.1
  • 13
    • 0038469815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaerobic metabolism in the roots of seedlings of the invasive exotic Lepidium latifolium
    • Chen, H. and R. G. Qualls. 2003. Anaerobic metabolism in the roots of seedlings of the invasive exotic Lepidium latifolium. Environmental and Experimental Botany 50:29-40.
    • (2003) Environmental and Experimental Botany , vol.50 , pp. 29-40
    • Chen, H.1    Qualls, R.G.2
  • 14
    • 0036345838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive responses of Lepidium latifolium to soil flooding: Biomass allocation, adventitious rooting, aerenchyma formation and ethylene production
    • Chen, H., R. G. Quails, and G. C. Miller. 2002. Adaptive responses of Lepidium latifolium to soil flooding: biomass allocation, adventitious rooting, aerenchyma formation and ethylene production. Environmental and Experimental Botany 48:119-128.
    • (2002) Environmental and Experimental Botany , vol.48 , pp. 119-128
    • Chen, H.1    Quails, R.G.2    Miller, G.C.3
  • 15
    • 0004450665 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of oxygen deprivation on germination and plant development
    • M. B. Jackson, D. D. Davies, and H. Lambers (eds.). SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands
    • Come, D., F. Corbineau, and P. Soudain. 1991. Beneficial effects of oxygen deprivation on germination and plant development, p. 69-83. In M. B. Jackson, D. D. Davies, and H. Lambers (eds.) Plant Life Under Oxygen Deprivation. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands.
    • (1991) Plant Life under Oxygen Deprivation , pp. 69-83
    • Come, D.1    Corbineau, F.2    Soudain, P.3
  • 16
    • 0033459497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors controlling the establishment of Fremont cottonwood seedlings on the upper Green River, USA
    • Cooper, D. J., D. M. Merritt, D. C. Andersen, and R. A. Chimner. 1999. Factors controlling the establishment of Fremont cottonwood seedlings on the upper Green River, USA. Regulated Rivers Research & Management 15:419-440.
    • (1999) Regulated Rivers Research & Management , vol.15 , pp. 419-440
    • Cooper, D.J.1    Merritt, D.M.2    Andersen, D.C.3    Chimner, R.A.4
  • 17
    • 0034034721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive weeds in rangelands: Species, impacts, and management
    • DiTomaso, J. M. 2000. Invasive weeds in rangelands: species, impacts, and management. Weed Science 48:255-265.
    • (2000) Weed Science , vol.48 , pp. 255-265
    • DiTomaso, J.M.1
  • 18
    • 0001040123 scopus 로고
    • Management and control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense)
    • Donald, W. 1990. Management and control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Reviews of Weed Science 5:193-250.
    • (1990) Reviews of Weed Science , vol.5 , pp. 193-250
    • Donald, W.1
  • 21
    • 84952231580 scopus 로고
    • Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense): A literature review of management practices
    • Evans, J. E. 1984. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense): a literature review of management practices. Natural Areas Journal 4:11-21.
    • (1984) Natural Areas Journal , vol.4 , pp. 11-21
    • Evans, J.E.1
  • 24
    • 0000192831 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of water level manipulation on a northern marsh
    • Harris, S. W. and W. H. Marshall. 1963. Ecology of water level manipulation on a northern marsh. Ecology 44:331-343.
    • (1963) Ecology , vol.44 , pp. 331-343
    • Harris, S.W.1    Marshall, W.H.2
  • 25
    • 1842585324 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and reproduction of Canada thistle in Iowa
    • Hayden, A. 1934. Distribution and reproduction of Canada thistle in Iowa. American Journal of Botany 21:355-373.
    • (1934) American Journal of Botany , vol.21 , pp. 355-373
    • Hayden, A.1
  • 26
    • 0030301540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of seeds and sexual reproduction in the population biology of Cirsium arvense - A literature review
    • Heimann, B. and G. W. Cussans. 1996. The importance of seeds and sexual reproduction in the population biology of Cirsium arvense - a literature review. Weed Research 36:493-503.
    • (1996) Weed Research , vol.36 , pp. 493-503
    • Heimann, B.1    Cussans, G.W.2
  • 27
    • 0000531640 scopus 로고
    • The nature and effects of disturbance relative to invasions
    • J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F. di Castri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson (eds.). John Wiley and Sons, Brisbane, Australia
    • Hobbs, R. J. 1989. The nature and effects of disturbance relative to invasions, p. 389-405. In J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F. di Castri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson (eds.) Biological Invasions: a Global Perspective. John Wiley and Sons, Brisbane, Australia.
    • (1989) Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective , pp. 389-405
    • Hobbs, R.J.1
  • 28
    • 0027047592 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: Implications for conservation
    • Hobbs, R. J. and L. F. Heunneke. 1992. Disturbance, diversity, and invasion: implications for conservation. Conservation Biology 6: 324-337.
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 324-337
    • Hobbs, R.J.1    Heunneke, L.F.2
  • 30
    • 6344260878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lepidium latifolium L
    • C. C. Bossard, J. M. Randall, and M. C. Hoshovsky (eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA
    • Howald, A. 2000. Lepidium latifolium L. p. 227-227. In C. C. Bossard, J. M. Randall, and M. C. Hoshovsky (eds.) Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    • (2000) Invasive Plants of California's Wildlands , pp. 227-227
    • Howald, A.1
  • 32
    • 33750356948 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation management guideline: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.)
    • Hutchison, M. 1992. Vegetation management guideline: Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.). Natural Areas Journal 12:160-161.
    • (1992) Natural Areas Journal , vol.12 , pp. 160-161
    • Hutchison, M.1
  • 33
    • 0022828353 scopus 로고
    • Germination of ten shoreline plants in relation to seed size, soil particle size and water level: An experimental study
    • Keddy, P. A. and P. Constabel. 1986. Germination of ten shoreline plants in relation to seed size, soil particle size and water level: an experimental study. Ecology 74:133-141.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 133-141
    • Keddy, P.A.1    Constabel, P.2
  • 34
    • 33748055820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintaining plant community diversity in a waterfowl production area by controlling Canada thistle (Circium arvense) using glyphosate
    • Krueger-Mangold, J., R. L. Sheley, and B. D. Roos. 2002. Maintaining plant community diversity in a waterfowl production area by controlling Canada thistle (Circium arvense) using glyphosate. Weed Technology 16:457-463.
    • (2002) Weed Technology , vol.16 , pp. 457-463
    • Krueger-Mangold, J.1    Sheley, R.L.2    Roos, B.D.3
  • 35
    • 33845784520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iowa State University, University Extension, Ames, IA, USA. Fact sheet BL-31
    • Lang, B. and M. White. 2001. Canada thistle management. Iowa State University, University Extension, Ames, IA, USA. Fact sheet BL-31.
    • (2001) Canada Thistle Management
    • Lang, B.1    White, M.2
  • 36
    • 84883792044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in wetland hydrology, soils, vegetation, and invertebrates among Geologic Provinces
    • M. C. McKinstry, W. A. Hubert, and S. H. Anderson (eds.). University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, USA
    • Laubhan, M. K. 2004. Variation in wetland hydrology, soils, vegetation, and invertebrates among Geologic Provinces, p. 23-51. In M. C. McKinstry, W. A. Hubert, and S. H. Anderson (eds.) Wetland and Riparian Areas of the Intermountain West: Ecology and Management. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, USA.
    • (2004) Wetland and Riparian Areas of the Intermountain West: Ecology and Management , pp. 23-51
    • Laubhan, M.K.1
  • 39
    • 0032817888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility
    • Lonsdale, W. M. 1999. Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility. Ecology 80:1522-1536.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 1522-1536
    • Lonsdale, W.M.1
  • 40
    • 0036155010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of nitrogen availability on the growth of native grasses and exotic weeds
    • Lowe, P. N., W. K. Lauenroth, and I. C. Burke. 2002. Effects of nitrogen availability on the growth of native grasses and exotic weeds. Journal of Range Management 55:94-98.
    • (2002) Journal of Range Management , vol.55 , pp. 94-98
    • Lowe, P.N.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2    Burke, I.C.3
  • 42
    • 0030251393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the identity and fate of plant invaders: Emergent and emerging approaches
    • Mack, R. N. 1996. Predicting the identity and fate of plant invaders: emergent and emerging approaches. Biological Conservation 78: 107-121.
    • (1996) Biological Conservation , vol.78 , pp. 107-121
    • Mack, R.N.1
  • 44
    • 0037797875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles and practices for managing rangeland invasive plants
    • Masters, R. A. and R. L. Sheley. 2001. Principles and practices for managing rangeland invasive plants. Journal of Range management 54:502-517.
    • (2001) Journal of Range Management , vol.54 , pp. 502-517
    • Masters, R.A.1    Sheley, R.L.2
  • 46
    • 0008958134 scopus 로고
    • Germination of seeds of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium)
    • Miller, G. K., J. A. Young, and R. A. Evans. 1986. Germination of seeds of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium). Weed Science 34:252-255.
    • (1986) Weed Science , vol.34 , pp. 252-255
    • Miller, G.K.1    Young, J.A.2    Evans, R.A.3
  • 48
    • 0001661142 scopus 로고
    • The biology of Canadian weeds 13: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop
    • Moore, R. J. 1975. The biology of Canadian weeds 13: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 55:1033-1048.
    • (1975) Canadian Journal of Plant Science , vol.55 , pp. 1033-1048
    • Moore, R.J.1
  • 49
    • 0020901411 scopus 로고
    • The depth profile of a shoreline seedbank in Matchedash Lake, Ontario
    • Nicholson, A. and P. A. Keddy. 1983. The depth profile of a shoreline seedbank in Matchedash Lake, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 61:3293-3296.
    • (1983) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.61 , pp. 3293-3296
    • Nicholson, A.1    Keddy, P.A.2
  • 51
    • 0003424902 scopus 로고
    • Office of Technology Assessment. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA. OTA-F-565
    • Office of Technology Assessment. 1993. Harmful non-indigenous species in the United States. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA. OTA-F-565.
    • (1993) Harmful Non-indigenous Species in the United States
  • 52
    • 0000453991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of noxious weeds on ecological and economic systems
    • R. L. Sheley and J. K. Petroff (eds.). Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR, USA
    • Olson, B. E. 1999. Impacts of noxious weeds on ecological and economic systems, p. 5-18. In R. L. Sheley and J. K. Petroff (eds.) Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR, USA.
    • (1999) Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds , pp. 5-18
    • Olson, B.E.1
  • 53
    • 0003009020 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of seven native and two exotic plants in tallgrass prairie in southeastern Wisconsin: The importance of human disturbance
    • Parker, I. M., S. K. Mertens, and D. K. Schemske. 1993. Distribution of seven native and two exotic plants in tallgrass prairie in southeastern Wisconsin: the importance of human disturbance. American Midland Naturalist 130:43-55.
    • (1993) American Midland Naturalist , vol.130 , pp. 43-55
    • Parker, I.M.1    Mertens, S.K.2    Schemske, D.K.3
  • 54
    • 0033986574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous species in the United States
    • Pimentel, D, L. Lach, R. Zuniga, and D. Morrison. 2000. Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous species in the United States. Bioscience 50:53-65.
    • (2000) Bioscience , vol.50 , pp. 53-65
    • Pimentel, D.1    Lach, L.2    Zuniga, R.3    Morrison, D.4
  • 55
    • 0002822302 scopus 로고
    • Invasibility of plant communities
    • J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F.di Castri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson (eds.). John Wiley and Sons, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Rejmanek, M. 1989. Invasibility of plant communities, p. 369-388. In J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F.di Castri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson (eds.) Biological Invasions: a Global Perspective. John Wiley and Sons, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    • (1989) Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective , pp. 369-388
    • Rejmanek, M.1
  • 56
    • 33845775940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating soil moisture by feel and appearance
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Water Management Note, High Plains Underground Water Conservation District Number 1
    • Risinger, M., W. Wyatt, and K. Carver. 1997. Estimating soil moisture by feel and appearance. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Pacific Region Pocket Handbook, Water Management Note, High Plains Underground Water Conservation District Number 1.
    • (1997) Pacific Region Pocket Handbook
    • Risinger, M.1    Wyatt, W.2    Carver, K.3
  • 58
    • 0000416265 scopus 로고
    • Periodicity of seedling emergence and achene survival in some species of Carduus, Cirsium and Onopordum
    • Roberts, H. A. and R. J. Chancellor. 1979. Periodicity of seedling emergence and achene survival in some species of Carduus, Cirsium and Onopordum. Journal of Applied Ecology 16:641-647.
    • (1979) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 641-647
    • Roberts, H.A.1    Chancellor, R.J.2
  • 59
    • 0028994388 scopus 로고
    • Germination ecology of some common forest herbs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A.
    • Romme, W. H., L. Bohland, C. Persichetty, and T. Caruso. 1995. Germination ecology of some common forest herbs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research 27:407-412.
    • (1995) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.27 , pp. 407-412
    • Romme, W.H.1    Bohland, L.2    Persichetty, C.3    Caruso, T.4
  • 60
    • 0004282518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute, Inc. Online Doc® Version 8, Cary, NC, USA
    • SAS Institute, Inc. 1999. SAS/STAT User's Guide. Online Doc® Version 8, Cary, NC, USA.
    • (1999) SAS/STAT User's Guide
  • 61
    • 33845776865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated weed management
    • Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. Special Report 972
    • Sheley, R. L. 1997. Integrated weed management, p. 8-10. In Management of Perennial Pepperweed (Tall Whitetop). Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. Special Report 972.
    • (1997) Management of Perennial Pepperweed (Tall Whitetop) , pp. 8-10
    • Sheley, R.L.1
  • 62
    • 0001785162 scopus 로고
    • Community effects of introduced species
    • M. H. Nitecki (ed.). Academic Press, New York, NY, USA
    • Simberloff, D. 1981. Community effects of introduced species, p. 53-80. In M. H. Nitecki (ed.) Biotic Crises in Ecological and Evolutionary Time. Academic Press, New York, NY, USA.
    • (1981) Biotic Crises in Ecological and Evolutionary Time , pp. 53-80
    • Simberloff, D.1
  • 63
    • 0002488460 scopus 로고
    • Seed banks: General concepts and methodological issues
    • M. A. Leek, V. T. Parker, and R. L. Simpson (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA
    • Simpson, R. L., M. A. Leek, and V. T. Parker. 1989. Seed banks: general concepts and methodological issues, p. 3-21. In M. A. Leek, V. T. Parker, and R. L. Simpson (eds.) Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
    • (1989) Ecology of Soil Seed Banks , pp. 3-21
    • Simpson, R.L.1    Leek, M.A.2    Parker, V.T.3
  • 64
    • 0032874144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exotic plant species in a C-4-dominated grassland: Invasibility, disturbance, and community structure
    • Smith, M. D. and A. K. Knapp. 1999. Exotic plant species in a C-4-dominated grassland: invasibility, disturbance, and community structure. Oecologia 120:605-612.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.120 , pp. 605-612
    • Smith, M.D.1    Knapp, A.K.2
  • 65
    • 0003100915 scopus 로고
    • Allelopathic activity of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Colorado
    • Stachon, W. J. and R. L. Zimdahl. 1980. Allelopathic activity of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Colorado. Weed Science 28: 83-86.
    • (1980) Weed Science , vol.28 , pp. 83-86
    • Stachon, W.J.1    Zimdahl, R.L.2
  • 66
    • 84985846060 scopus 로고
    • The nasty necessity: Eradicating exotics
    • Temple, S. 1990. The nasty necessity: eradicating exotics. Conservation Biology 4:113-115.
    • (1990) Conservation Biology , vol.4 , pp. 113-115
    • Temple, S.1
  • 67
    • 0029506879 scopus 로고
    • Effects of exotic plants on native ungulate use of habitat
    • Trammell, M. A. and J. L. Butler. 1995. Effects of exotic plants on native ungulate use of habitat. Journal of Wildlife Management 59:808-816.
    • (1995) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.59 , pp. 808-816
    • Trammell, M.A.1    Butler, J.L.2
  • 68
    • 0008870421 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of invasions by weeds
    • M. A. Altieri and M. Liebman (eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA
    • Turner, C. E. 1988. Ecology of invasions by weeds, p. 41-55. In M. A. Altieri and M. Liebman (eds.) Weed Management of Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
    • (1988) Weed Management of Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches , pp. 41-55
    • Turner, C.E.1
  • 69
    • 2142811013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge, Maybell, CO, USA
    • United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge, Maybell, CO, USA.
    • (1999) Browns Park National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
  • 70
    • 33845796811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Monte Vista - Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge Complex and Division of Refuge Planning, Region 6, Denver, CO, USA
    • United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002a. Monte Vista - Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge Complex Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Monte Vista - Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge Complex and Division of Refuge Planning, Region 6, Denver, CO, USA.
    • (2002) Monte Vista - Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge Complex Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment
  • 71
    • 33845731041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge and Division of Refuge Planning, Region, 6, Denver, CO, USA
    • United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002b. Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge and Division of Refuge Planning, Region, 6, Denver, CO, USA.
    • (2002) Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan
  • 72
    • 0002886612 scopus 로고
    • Seed banks and the management and restoration of natural vegetation
    • M. A. Leck, V. T. Parker, and R. L. Simpson (eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA
    • van der Valk, A. G. and R. L. Pederson. 1989. Seed banks and the management and restoration of natural vegetation, p. 329-346. In M. A. Leck, V. T. Parker, and R. L. Simpson (eds.) Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
    • (1989) Ecology of Soil Seed Banks , pp. 329-346
    • Van Der Valk, A.G.1    Pederson, R.L.2
  • 73
    • 0001430588 scopus 로고
    • Biological invasions and ecosystem properties: Can species make a difference?
    • Vitousek, P. M. 1986. Biological invasions and ecosystem properties: can species make a difference? Ecological Studies 58:163-176.
    • (1986) Ecological Studies , vol.58 , pp. 163-176
    • Vitousek, P.M.1
  • 74
    • 0004221067 scopus 로고
    • Walter, H. (ed.). Springer-Verlag Press, New York, NY, USA
    • Walter, H. (ed.). 1973. Vegetation of the Earth, second edition. Springer-Verlag Press, New York, NY, USA.
    • (1973) Vegetation of the Earth, Second Edition
  • 75
    • 0031874826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States
    • Wilcove, D. S., D. Rothstein, J. Dubow, A. Phillips, and E. Losos. 1998. Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States. Bioscience 48:607-615.
    • (1998) Bioscience , vol.48 , pp. 607-615
    • Wilcove, D.S.1    Rothstein, D.2    Dubow, J.3    Phillips, A.4    Losos, E.5
  • 76
    • 0343864552 scopus 로고
    • Germination and seedling development of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense)
    • Wilson, R. G. 1979. Germination and seedling development of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Science 27:146-151.
    • (1979) Weed Science , vol.27 , pp. 146-151
    • Wilson, R.G.1
  • 77
    • 33845785006 scopus 로고
    • Cooperative Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA. Circular G80-509-A
    • Wilson, R. G. 1992. Canada thistle. Cooperative Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA. Circular G80-509-A.
    • (1992) Canada Thistle
    • Wilson, R.G.1
  • 78
    • 0033059569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of perennial grasses on Canada thistle (Circium arvense) control
    • Wilson, R. G. and S. D. Kachman. 1999. Effect of perennial grasses on Canada thistle (Circium arvense) control. Weed Technology 13:83-87.
    • (1999) Weed Technology , vol.13 , pp. 83-87
    • Wilson, R.G.1    Kachman, S.D.2
  • 79
    • 0027832943 scopus 로고
    • Relationships of marsh seed banks to vegetation patterns along environmental gradients
    • Wilson, S. D., D. R. J. Moore, and P. A. Keddy. 1993. Relationships of marsh seed banks to vegetation patterns along environmental gradients. Freshwater Biology 29:361-370.
    • (1993) Freshwater Biology , vol.29 , pp. 361-370
    • Wilson, S.D.1    Moore, D.R.J.2    Keddy, P.A.3
  • 80
    • 0012417042 scopus 로고
    • Introduction to Rocky Mountain wetlands
    • J. T. Windell, B. E. Willard, D. J. Cooper, S. Q. Foster, C. F. Knud-Hansen, L. P. Rink, and G. N. Kiladis (eds.). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, CO, USA. Biological Report 86
    • Windell, J. T., B. E. Willard, and S. Q. Foster. 1986. Introduction to Rocky Mountain wetlands, p. 1-41. In J. T. Windell, B. E. Willard, D. J. Cooper, S. Q. Foster, C. F. Knud-Hansen, L. P. Rink, and G. N. Kiladis (eds.) An Ecological Characterization of Rocky Mountain Montane and Subalpine Wetlands. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, CO, USA. Biological Report 86.
    • (1986) An Ecological Characterization of Rocky Mountain Montane and Subalpine Wetlands , pp. 1-41
    • Windell, J.T.1    Willard, B.E.2    Foster, S.Q.3
  • 81
    • 33845798188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) rooting charactersitcs
    • Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. Special Report 972
    • Wotring, S. O., D. E. Palmquist, and J. A. Young. 1997. Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) rooting charactersitcs. p. 14-15. In Management of Perennial Pepperweed (Tall Whitetop). Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. Special Report 972.
    • (1997) Management of Perennial Pepperweed (Tall Whitetop) , pp. 14-15
    • Wotring, S.O.1    Palmquist, D.E.2    Young, J.A.3
  • 83
    • 33845721991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology and control of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium L.)
    • J. E. Lovich, J. Randall, and M. D. Kelly (eds.) Symposium 1996, Sacramento, CA, USA
    • Young, J. A., D. E. Palmquist, R. S. Blank, and C. E. Turner. 1996. Ecology and control of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium L.). p. 29-31. In J. E. Lovich, J. Randall, and M. D. Kelly (eds.) Proceedings of the California Exotic Pest Plant Council, Symposium 1996, Sacramento, CA, USA.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the California Exotic Pest Plant Council , pp. 29-31
    • Young, J.A.1    Palmquist, D.E.2    Blank, R.S.3    Turner, C.E.4
  • 84
    • 0002393050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The invasive nature of Lepidium latifolium: A review
    • J. H. Brock, M. Wade, P. Pyšek, and D. Green (eds.). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands
    • Young, J. A., D. E. Palmquist, and S. O. Wotring. 1997. The invasive nature of Lepidium latifolium: a review, p. 59-68. In J. H. Brock, M. Wade, P. Pyšek, and D. Green (eds.) Plant Invasions: Studies from North America and Europe. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    • (1997) Plant Invasions: Studies from North America and Europe , pp. 59-68
    • Young, J.A.1    Palmquist, D.E.2    Wotring, S.O.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.