Investigation of the wind speed threshold above which discarded cigarettes are likely to be moved by the wind

International Journal of Wildland Fire

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 567-576

  Xanthopoulos, Gavriil ^a   Ghosn, Dany ^b   Kazakis, George ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS   (Greece)

^b MEDITERRANEAN AGRONOMIC INSTITUTE OF CHANIA   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845740655     PISSN: 10498001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/WF05080     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Campbell GS (1977) 'An introduction to environmental biophysics.' (Springer-Verlag: New York)
2. Dainer J (2003) 'Can cigarette butts start bushfires?' Thesis, University of Technology, Sydney.
3. Gill AM (2000) 'Butt out?' ACT Volunteer Bushfire Brigades' Association, Firebreak newsletter, Research letter 24. Available at http://www.esb.act.gov. au/firebreak/resletter24.html [Verified 18 August 2006]
4. Gonner C (2000) Causes and impacts of forest fires: a case study from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Forest Fire Newsletter 22, 35-40.
5. Kailidis D, Xanthopoulos G (1991) 'The forest fire problem in Greece.' Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, Forest Protection Laboratory. No. 3. (Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki: Greece)
6. Klink K (1999) Climatological mean and interannual variance of United States surface wind speed, direction and velocity. International Journal of Climatology 19, 471-488. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199904)19:5〈471::AID- JOC367〉3.0.CO;2-X
7. Lawson BB, Frandsen WE, Hawkes BC, Dairymple GN (1997) 'Probability of sustained smoldering ignition for some boreal forest duff types.' Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre Forestry Management Note 63. (Edmonton, AB)
8. Markalas S (1985) Laboratory experiments on the role of cigarette ends in lighting fires. Allgemeine Forstund Jagdzeitung 156, 193-197. [In German]
9. Oke TR (1987) 'Boundary layer climates.' 2nd edn. (Routledge: London)
10. Pal Arya S (1998) 'Introduction to micrometeorology.'(Academic Press: San Diego, CA)
11. Rothermel RC (1983) 'How to predict the spread rate and intensity of forest and range fires.' USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station General Technical Report INT-143. (Ogden, UT)
12. Satoh K, Zhong YL, Yang KT (2003) Study of forest fire initiation due to lit cigarettes - measurement and observation of flaming probability of dried leaves. In 'Proceedings of the 6th ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference', 16-20 March 2003, Hawaii, USA. Paper TED-AJ03-551.
13. Weber RO (2000) Bushfire causes. In 'National Academies Forum. Fire! The Australian Experience, Proceedings from the National Academies Forum seminar', University of Adelaide, SA, 30 September-1 October 1999. pp. 39-44. (Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering: Melbourne)