Crossed D sign oàn thi Crossed D signiêm's 'story of the Vân Cât goddess' as a story of emancipation

Journal of Southeast Asian Studies

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 63-76

  Dror, Olga ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SOCIAL HISTORY; WOMENS STATUS;

ASIA; EURASIA; SOUTHEAST ASIA; VIET NAM;

EID: 33845730901     PISSN: 00224634     EISSN: 14740680     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022463402000036     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Milan Kundera,'Le Testament de somnambules', Le Nouvel Observateur, 9 April 1982;
2. quoted in Georges Boudarel.'L'insertion du pouvoir central dans les cultes villageois au Vietnam', in Cultes populaires et sociétés asiatiques, ed. Alain Forest, Yoshiaki Ishizawa and Leon Vandermeersch (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1991), p. 87. All translations in this paper are mine.
3. Vũ Ngoc Khánh and Ngô Crossed D sign úr Thjnh, Tú Bât Tu [The Four Immortals] (Hànôi: NXB Vǎn hoá Dân tôc, 1990), p. 9.
4. Vũ Ngoc Khánh and Ngô Crossed D sign úr Thjnh, Tú Bât Tu [The Four Immortals] Ibid., p. 101;
5. Vũ Ngoc Khánh and Pham Vǎn Ty, Vân Cát Thần Nũ [The Vân Cát Goddess] (Hànôi: NXB Vǎn hoá Dân tôc, 1990), p. 22.
6. Doan Lam, 'A Brief Account of the Cult of Female Deities in Vietnam', Vietnamese Studies, 1 (1999): 16.
7. Crossed D sign ǎng Vǎn Lung, Mẫn Liễu. Crossed D sign ai và Crossed D sign ao [Mother Liễu: her life and cult] (Hànôi: NXB Vǎn hoá Dân tôc, 1995), p. 12.
8. Bùi Hanh Cân, Bà Crossed D sign iêm Ho Crossed D sign oàn [Lady Diem from the Crossed D sign oàn family] (Hànôi: Trung tâm Hoat ông Vǎn hoá Khoa hoc, 1988), p. 11.
9. Trân Cuu Chấn, Les grandes poetesses du Viet-Nam (Saigon: Imprimerie de l'Union Nguyen Van Cua, 1950), p. 10.
10. In addition to the sources cited above, the biography of Crossed D sign oàn thi Crossed D sign iêm given here is based on Crossed D sign ô̄ Thi Hao's Hông Hà Nū Sī [Hồng Hà Woman-Writer] (Hànôi: NXB Phu nũ, 1986).
11. Nikolai Nikulin, Vietnamskaya Literatura [Vietnamese literature] (Moscow: Nauka, 1971), pp. 70-1.
12. The translation is based on the original Han version of Truyêen Kỳ Tân Pha (Ch. Chuanqi Xinpu) in Yuenan Hanwen xiaoshuo congkan/Collection romans et contes du VietNam écrits en Han, ed. Chan Hingho [Chen Qinghao] and Wang San-ching [Wang Sanqing], Chuanqilei [Marvelous stories genre], vol. II (Paris and Taipei: École Française d'Extrême-Orient and Student Book Co. Ltd., 1986), pp. 24-41;
13. and the Vietnamese translation in Crossed D sign oàn thi Crossed D sign iêm, Truyên Kỳ Tân Pha [New collection of marvelous stories] (Hànôi: NXB Giáo duc, 1962), pp. 66-99.
14. Phùng Khǎ́c Khoan (1528-1613) was a prominent Vietnamese scholar, poet and official, one of the most distinguished people of his time.
15. I speak here about the author's ability and not Liễu Hanh's because the latter did not need a better pretext, since her husband did not know about her previous descent to Earth, her punishment and her return to Heaven. For him, then, the excuse she suggested sounded new and plausible.
16. The fact that Crossed D sign oàn thi Crossed D sign iêm did not have children of her own might have well contributed to Liễu Hanh's negligence towards her children.
17. Hà Crossed D sign inh Thành, 'Phu Tây Hồ và su phung thò Liễu Hanh' [Tây Hồ Temple and the worship of Liê̄u Hanh], in Crossed D sign ao Mẫn o Viêt Nam [The Cult of the Mothers in Vietnam], ed. Ngô Crossed D sign úc Thinh (Hànôi: NXB Vǎn hoá-Thông tin, 1996), p. 150.
18. It seems most plausible to me that the original legend was created by ordinary people, because Liê̄u Hanh's cult was for a long time widespread among the lower classes.
19. Crossed D sign oàn thi Crossed D sign iêm, Truyên Kỳ Tân Pha, p. 57.
20. Hoàng Crossed D sign go Thúy, Crossed D sign ât muóc ta [Our country] (Hànôi: NXB Khoa hoc Xã hôi, 1989), p. 83,
21. quoted in Hà Crossed D sign ình Thành,'Phu Tây Hồ, p. 163.
22. Trân Le Sáng, Phùng Khǎ́c Khoan, cuôc òi và tho vǎn [The life and works of Phùng Khǎ́c Khoan] (Hànôi: NXB Khoa hoc Xã hôi, 1985), pp. 164-5.
23. Vladimir Propp, Theory and History of Folklore, ed. Anatoly Liberman and trans. Ariadna and Richard Martin (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984), p. 51. Propp is developing an observation by the Hungarian scholar G. U. Èrgis in a study of the folklore of the Yakut people.
24. Nguyê̄n Thi Huê, 'From Buddha-Mother Man Nuong to Holy Mother Liễu Hanh', Vietnamese Studies, 1 (1999): 87.