Prevalence and Associations of Enhanced Retinal Arteriolar Light Reflex. A New Look at an Old Sign

Ophthalmology

Volumn 114, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 113-120

  Kaushik, Shweta ^a   Tan, Ava Grace ^a   Mitchell, Paul ^a   Wang, Jie Jin ^a  

^a WESTMEAD HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; CHOLESTEROL; GLUCOSE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BLOOD EXAMINATION; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CATARACT; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENHANCED RETINAL ARTERIOLAR LIGHT REFLEX; ENHANCED RETINAL ARTERIOLAR LIGHT REFLEX SIGN; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE; MEDICAL PHOTOGRAPHY; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; REFLEX; RETINA ARTERY OCCLUSION; RETINA BLOOD VESSEL; RETINA EXAMINATION; RETINOPATHY; RISK FACTOR; STANDARD; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; THROMBOCYTE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; VISUAL SYSTEM EXAMINATION;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ARTERIOLES; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; LIGHT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHOTOGRAPHY; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; REFLEX; RETINAL ARTERY; RETINAL DISEASES; RISK FACTORS; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 33845727113     PISSN: 01616420     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.06.046     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Gunn M. On ophthalmoscopic evidence of general arterial disease. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K 18 (1898) 356-381
2. Scheie H.G. Evaluation of ophthalmoscopic changes of hypertension and arteriolar sclerosis. AMA Arch Ophthalmol 49 (1953) 117-138
3. Kaefer O. Degenerative changes in retinal vessels: photodocumentation with monochromatic filters. Arch Ophthalmol 98 (1980) 303-306
4. Evelyn K.A., Nicholis J.V., and Turnbull W. A method of grading and recording the retinal changes in essential hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol 4 (1958) 165-179
5. Michelson E.L., Morganroth J., Nichols C.W., and MacVaugh III H. Retinal arteriolar changes as an indicator of coronary artery disease. Arch Intern Med 139 (1979) 1139-1141
6. Dodson P.M., Lip G.Y., Eames S.M., et al. Hypertensive retinopathy: a review of existing classification systems and a suggestion for a simplified grading system. J Hum Hypertens 10 (1996) 93-98
7. Keith N.M., Wagener H.P., and Barker N.W. Some different types of essential hypertension: their course and prognosis. Am J Med Sci 197 (1939) 332-343
8. Leishman R. The eye in general vascular disease: hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Br J Ophthalmol 41 (1957) 641-701
9. Wong T.Y., and Mitchell P. Hypertensive retinopathy. N Engl J Med 351 (2004) 2310-2317
10. Van Buchem F., van den Heuvel Aghina J.W., and Heuvel J.E. Hypertension and changes of the fundus oculi. Acta Med Scand 176 (1964) 539-548
11. Svardsudd K., Wedel H., Aurell E., and Tibblin G. Hypertensive eye ground changes: prevalence, relation to blood pressure and prognostic importance. The study of men born in 1913. Acta Med Scand 204 (1978) 159-167
12. Wendland J.P. Retinal arteriolosclerosis in age, essential hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 64 (1966) 735-761
13. Kagan A., Aureli E., and Dobree J. A note on signs in the fundus oculi and arterial hypertension: conventional assessment and significance. Bull World Health Organ 34 (1966) 955-960
14. Brinchmann-Hansen O. The light reflex on retinal arteries and veins: a theoretical study and a new technique for measuring width and intensity profiles across retinal vessels. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 179 (1986) 1-53
15. Hayreh S.S. Classification of hypertensive fundus changes and their order of appearance. Ophthalmologica 198 (1989) 247-260
16. Tedeschi-Reiner E., Strozzi M., Skoric B., and Reiner Z. Relation of atherosclerotic changes in retinal arteries to the extent of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 96 (2005) 1107-1109
17. Hubbard L.D., Brothers R.J., King W.N., et al. Methods for evaluation of retinal microvascular abnormalities associated with hypertension/sclerosis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Ophthalmology 106 (1999) 2269-2280
18. Wang J.J., Mitchell P., Leung H., et al. Hypertensive retinal vessel wall signs in a general older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Hypertension 42 (2003) 534-541
19. Wong T.Y., Klein R., Klein B.E., et al. Retinal microvascular abnormalities and their relationship with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Surv Ophthalmol 46 (2001) 59-80
20. Mitchell P., Smith W., Attebo K., and Wang J.J. Prevalence of age-related maculopathy in Australia: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 102 (1995) 1450-1460
21. Mitchell P., Smith W., Wang J.J., and Attebo K. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in an older community: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 105 (1998) 406-411
22. Tan A.G., Wang J.J., Rochtchina E., et al. Correlation between generalized and focal retinal arteriolar narrowing in an older population. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 31 (2003) 322-325
23. Klein R., Klein B.E., Magli Y.L., et al. An alternative method of grading diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology 93 (1986) 1183-1187
24. Yu T., Mitchell P., Berry G., et al. Retinopathy in older persons without diabetes and its relationship to hypertension. Arch Ophthalmol 116 (1998) 83-89
25. Australian alcohol guidelines: health risks and benefits. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Government. 2001:3. Available at: www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/_files/ds9.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2006.
26. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Report of a WHO consultation (1999), World Health Organization, Department of Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance, Geneva 5. http://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/philip.home/who_dmg.pdf Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Available at: www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/philip.home/who_dmg.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2006.
27. Friedewald W.T., Levy R.I., and Fredrickson D.S. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18 (1972) 499-502
28. Powers J., Ball J., Adamson L., and Dobson A. Effectiveness of the National Death Index for establishing the vital status of older women in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Aust N Z J Public Health 24 (2000) 526-528
29. Magliano D., Liew D., Pater H., et al. Accuracy of the Australian National Death Index: comparison with adjudicated fatal outcomes among Australian participants in the Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) study. Aust N Z J Public Health 27 (2003) 649-653
30. Dimmitt S.B., West J.N., Eames S.M., et al. Usefulness of ophthalmoscopy in mild to moderate hypertension. Lancet 1 (1989) 1103-1106
31. Engelgau M.M., Thompson T.J., Herman W.H., et al. Comparison of fasting and 2-hour glucose and HbA1c levels for diagnosing diabetes: diagnostic criteria and performance revisited. Diabetes Care 20 (1997) 785-791
32. Brinchmann-Hansen O., and Sandvik L. The width of the light reflex on retinal arteries and veins. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 64 (1986) 433-438
33. Brinchmann-Hansen O., and Sandvik L. The intensity of the light reflex on retinal arteries and veins. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 64 (1986) 547-552
34. Freeman M.H. Optics. 10th ed. (1990), Butterworths, London 12
35. Brinchmann-Hansen O., Myhre K., and Sandvik L. The light reflex in retinal vessels and its relation to age and systemic blood pressure. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 65 (1987) 206-212
36. Pries A.R., and Secomb T.W. Structural adaptation of microvascular networks and development of hypertension. Microcirculation 9 (2002) 305-314
37. Mayet J., and Hughes A. Cardiac and vascular pathophysiology in hypertension. Heart 89 (2003) 1104-1109