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Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 445-469

Globalization, nationalism and world heritage: Interpreting Luang Prabang

Author keywords

Cultural heritage; Globalization; Laos; Luang Prabang; Nationalism

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL HERITAGE; CULTURAL IDENTITY; GLOBALIZATION; INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION; NATIONAL IDENTITY; NATIONALISM; RECOGNITION;

EID: 33845688104     PISSN: 0967828X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5367/000000006778881564     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (62)
  • 2
    • 0004244658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grant Evans, ed Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai
    • Grant Evans, ed (1999), Laos: Culture and Society, Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai;
    • (1999) Laos: Culture and Society
  • 3
    • 33845704122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'On the writing of Lao history: Continuities and discontinuities'
    • in Mayoury Ngaosrivathana and Kennon Breazeale, eds, Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai, See also the contributions by Martin Stuart-Fox and Bruce Lockhart in this issue
    • Martin Stuart-Fox (2002), 'On the writing of Lao history: continuities and discontinuities', in Mayoury Ngaosrivathana and Kennon Breazeale, eds, Breaking New Ground in Laos History: Essays on the Seventh to Twentieth Centuries, Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai, pp 1-24. See also the contributions by Martin Stuart-Fox and Bruce Lockhart in this issue.
    • (2002) Breaking New Ground in Laos History: Essays on the Seventh to Twentieth Centuries , pp. 1-24
    • Stuart-Fox, M.1
  • 4
    • 85039142648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The Nara Document on Authenticity reflects the East Asian tradition of periodically renewing heritage buildings, as distinct from Western emphases (expressed in the Venice Charter) on the authenticity of original fabric, and asserts the need for each nation to develop conservation approaches appropriate to its own cultural context. The Nara Document tends to emphasize continuity of use rather than continuity of fabric when assessing authenticity.
  • 5
    • 79957086191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Globalising heritage: World Heritage as a manifestation of modernism, and challenges from the periphery'
    • in David S. Jones, ed, Australia ICOMOS Secretariat, Burwood, Victoria
    • William S. Logan (2002), 'Globalising heritage: World Heritage as a manifestation of modernism, and challenges from the periphery', in David S. Jones, ed, Twentieth Century Heritage, Our Recent Cultural Legacy (Proceedings of the Australia ICOMOS National Conference 2001), Australia ICOMOS Secretariat, Burwood, Victoria, p 52.
    • (2002) Twentieth Century Heritage, Our Recent Cultural Legacy (Proceedings of the Australia ICOMOS National Conference 2001) , pp. 52
    • Logan, W.S.1
  • 6
    • 0012083001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The most comprehensive analysis of Laos's ethnic diversity can be found in White Lotus, Bangkok
    • The most comprehensive analysis of Laos's ethnic diversity can be found in Laurent Chazée (1999), The Peoples of Laos: Rural and Ethnic Diversities, White Lotus, Bangkok.
    • (1999) The Peoples of Laos: Rural and Ethnic Diversities
    • Chazée, L.1
  • 7
    • 84976329056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Ethnic change in highland Laos'
    • For more detailed socio-political analyses of ethnicity in Laos, see in Evans ed, and other chapters in Part 2 ('Diasporic Lao and ethnicity') in the same book
    • For more detailed socio-political analyses of ethnicity in Laos, see Grant Evans (1999), 'Ethnic change in highland Laos', in Evans ed, supra note 1, at pp 125-147 and other chapters in Part 2 ('Diasporic Lao and ethnicity') in the same book.
    • (1999) Laos: Culture and Society , pp. 125-147
    • Evans, G.1
  • 9
    • 33845708511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic UNESCO, Bangkok
    • See Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (1999), Champasak Heritage Management Plan, UNESCO, Bangkok.
    • (1999) Champasak Heritage Management Plan
  • 10
    • 32844470653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australia International Council on Monuments and Sites - ICOMOS ICOMOS Secretariat, Burwood, Victoria, (Art 1.17) and 8 (Art 25) (emphasis in the original)
    • Australia International Council on Monuments and Sites - ICOMOS (1999) The Burra Charter: The Australian ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance, ICOMOS Secretariat, Burwood, Victoria, pp 3 (Art 1.17) and 8 (Art 25) (emphasis in the original).
    • (1999) The Burra Charter: The Australian ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance , pp. 3
  • 11
    • 84937308486 scopus 로고
    • ICOM and Routledge, London
    • Timothy Ambrose and Crispin Paine (1993), Museum Basics, ICOM and Routledge, London, p 67.
    • (1993) Museum Basics , pp. 67
    • Ambrose, T.1    Paine, C.2
  • 12
    • 33845708511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quotation is from Australia ICOMOS, See Government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic UNESCO, Bangkok (Art 1.2). Interpretation involves a lot more than this, however, if one embraces current learning theories that stress the need to facilitate very real engagement with visitors
    • The quotation is from Australia ICOMOS, supra note 6 at p 2 (Art 1.2). Interpretation involves a lot more than this, however, if one embraces current learning theories that stress the need to facilitate very real engagement with visitors.
    • (1999) Champasak Heritage Management Plan , pp. 2
  • 14
    • 85039137269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Cultural Survival in Luang Prabang: Documentation, Education and Training to Revitalize Traditional Temple Arts and Building Crafts within the Laotian Buddhist Sangha'
    • For example, the Norwegian government funded a project conducted by UNESCO and the Lao government called The project began in late 1999 and was funded for three years
    • For example, the Norwegian government funded a project conducted by UNESCO and the Lao government called 'Cultural Survival in Luang Prabang: Documentation, Education and Training to Revitalize Traditional Temple Arts and Building Crafts within the Laotian Buddhist Sangha'. The project began in late 1999 and was funded for three years.
  • 16
    • 33144466240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The past without the pain - The manufacture of nostalgia in Vietnam's tourist industry'
    • in Hue-Tam Ho Tai, ed, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA
    • and Laurel B. Kennedy and Mary Rose Williams (2001), 'The past without the pain - the manufacture of nostalgia in Vietnam's tourist industry', in Hue-Tam Ho Tai, ed, The Country of Memory: Remaking the Past in Late Socialist Vietnam, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, pp 135-163.
    • (2001) The Country of Memory: Remaking the Past in Late Socialist Vietnam , pp. 135-163
    • Kennedy, L.B.1    Williams, M.R.2
  • 17
    • 3843087906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A history of urban planning policy and heritage protection in Vientiane, Laos'
    • Colin Long (2002), 'A history of urban planning policy and heritage protection in Vientiane, Laos', International Development Planning Review, Vol 24, No 2, p 138.
    • (2002) International Development Planning Review , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 138
    • Long, C.1
  • 18
    • 33845690207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Luang Prabang, a ghost town returns to life'
    • July/August
    • Frances Engelmann (1999), 'Luang Prabang, a ghost town returns to life', The UNESCO Courier, July/August, p 45.
    • (1999) The UNESCO Courier , pp. 45
    • Engelmann, F.1
  • 20
    • 33845684254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Vientiane, Laos: Lane Xang's capital in the age of modernization and globalization'
    • in William S. Logan, ed, Oxford University Press, Hong Kong
    • see also William S. Logan et al (2002), 'Vientiane, Laos: Lane Xang's capital in the age of modernization and globalization', in William S. Logan, ed, The Disappearing 'Asian' City: Protecting Asia's Urban Heritage in a Globalizing World, Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, pp 51-69.
    • (2002) The Disappearing 'Asian' City: Protecting Asia's Urban Heritage in a Globalizing World , pp. 51-69
    • Logan, W.S.1
  • 21
    • 33845684075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Royal relics: Ritual and social memory in Louang Prabang'
    • in Evans, ed., Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai
    • Ing-Britt Trankell (1999), 'Royal relics: ritual and social memory in Louang Prabang', in Evans, ed., supra note 1, at p 213.
    • (1999) Laos: Culture and Society , pp. 213
    • Trankell, I.-B.1
  • 23
    • 85039143241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was adopted by the thirty-second session of the UNESCO General Conference on 17 October 2003. The Convention defines intangible cultural heritage as 'the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills - as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith - that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This intangible cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation, is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history, and provides them with a sense of identity and continuity, thus promoting respect for cultural diversity and human creativity.
    • The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was adopted by the thirty-second session of the UNESCO General Conference on 17 October 2003. The Convention defines intangible cultural heritage as 'the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills - as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith - that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This intangible cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation, is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history, and provides them with a sense of identity and continuity, thus promoting respect for cultural diversity and human creativity. For the purposes of this Convention, consideration will be given solely to such intangible cultural heritage as is compatible with existing international human rights instruments, as well as with the requirements of mutual respect among communities, groups and individuals, and of sustainable development.' This intangible cultural heritage 'is manifested inter alia in the following domains: (a) oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage; (b) performing arts; (c) social practices, rituals and festive events; (d) knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe; (e) traditional craftsmanship.' UNESCO (2003), Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, UNESCO, Paris, p 3.
    • (2003) Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage , pp. 3
  • 24
    • 33845684075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Royal relics: Ritual and social memory in Louang Prabang'
    • in Evans, ed., Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai
    • Trankell, supra note 16, at pp 193-194.
    • (1999) Laos: Culture and Society , pp. 193-194
    • Trankell, I.-B.1
  • 25
    • 84925919350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Reconciling power with authority: An aspect of statecraft in traditional Laos'
    • For an overview of the ritual role of minorities, see New Series
    • For an overview of the ritual role of minorities, see Goran Aijmer (1999), 'Reconciling power with authority: an aspect of statecraft in traditional Laos', Man, New Series, Vol 14, No 4, pp 734-749.
    • (1999) Man , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 734-749
    • Aijmer, G.1
  • 26
    • 84925919350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Reconciling power with authority: An aspect of statecraft in traditional Laos'
    • New Series
    • Aijmer, supra note 19, at p 194.
    • (1999) Man , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 194
    • Aijmer, G.1
  • 27
    • 84925919350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Reconciling power with authority: An aspect of statecraft in traditional Laos'
    • New Series
    • Aijmer, supra note 19, at p 206.
    • (1999) Man , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 206
    • Aijmer, G.1
  • 29
    • 33845684075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Royal relics: Ritual and social memory in Louang Prabang
    • in Evans, ed., Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai
    • The quotation is from Trankell, supra note 16, at p 209.
    • (1999) Laos: Culture and Society , pp. 209
    • Trankell, I.-B.1
  • 33
    • 33845687958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Introduction'
    • in Evans, ed, Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai
    • Grant Evans (1999), 'Introduction', in Evans, ed, supra note 1, at p 22.
    • (1999) Laos: Culture and Society , pp. 22
    • Evans, G.1
  • 35
    • 26844452473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In 1940-41 the Thai recovered former Thai territories in western and northern Cambodia and Xaignabouri and Bassac in northern and southern Laos respectively in a brief war with the French regime in Indo-China, which was, by this stage, cut off from metropolitan France and subject to Japanese control; Allen and Unwin, Crows Nest, New South Wales
    • In 1940-41 the Thai recovered former Thai territories in western and northern Cambodia and Xaignabouri and Bassac in northern and southern Laos respectively in a brief war with the French regime in Indo-China, which was, by this stage, cut off from metropolitan France and subject to Japanese control; Grant Evans (2002), A Short History of Laos, the Land in Between, Allen and Unwin, Crows Nest, New South Wales, pp 74-78.
    • (2002) A Short History of Laos, the Land in Between , pp. 74-78
    • Evans, G.1
  • 36
    • 27944509157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Towards a new Laos: Lao Nhay and the campaign for a national "reawakening" in Laos 1941-45'
    • in Evans, ed Silkwork Books, Chiang Mai
    • Søren Ivarsson (1999), 'Towards a new Laos: Lao Nhay and the campaign for a national "reawakening" in Laos 1941-45', in Evans, ed, supra note 1, at p 64.
    • (1999) Laos: Culture and Society , pp. 64
    • Ivarsson, S.1
  • 37
    • 27944509157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Towards a new Laos: Lao Nhay and the campaign for a national "reawakening" in Laos 1941-45'
    • in Evans, ed Silkwork Books, Chiang Mai
    • Ibid.
    • (1999) Laos: Culture and Society , pp. 64
    • Ivarsson, S.1
  • 42
    • 85039139070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The museum is variously called the Royal Palace Museum, the Luang Prabang Museum, and the National Museum of Luang Prabang.
  • 43
    • 85039136892 scopus 로고
    • The Luang Prabang Museum was opened on 31 March (Anonymous [nd], np)
    • The Luang Prabang Museum was opened on 31 March 1976 (Anonymous [nd], Guide to Luang Prabang Museum, np, p 1).
    • (1976) Guide to Luang Prabang Museum , pp. 1
  • 55
    • 33845691377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The persistence of tradition in Laos'
    • in Ronald G. Knapp, ed, Oxford University Press, Hong Kong
    • and Colin Long (2003), 'The persistence of tradition in Laos', in Ronald G. Knapp, ed, Asia s Old Dwellings: Tradition, Resistance and Change, Oxford University Press, Hong Kong.
    • (2003) Asia S Old Dwellings: Tradition, Resistance and Change
    • Long, C.1
  • 56
    • 0037909845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For neighbouring Vietnam, undergoing similar transformations University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI
    • For neighbouring Vietnam, undergoing similar transformations, see Kim Ninh (2002), A World Transformed: The Politics of Culture in Revolutionary Vietnam, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI;
    • (2002) A World Transformed: The Politics of Culture in Revolutionary Vietnam
    • Ninh, K.1
  • 59
    • 0033832219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'History and memory in Vietnam today: The journal Xua & Nay'
    • David G. Marr (2000), 'History and memory in Vietnam today: the journal Xua & Nay', Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol 31, No 1, pp 1-25;
    • (2000) Journal of Southeast Asian Studies , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-25
    • Marr, D.G.1


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