The thermal regulation of gravitational instabilities in protoplanetary disks. III. Simulations with radiative cooling and realistic opacities

Astrophysical Journal

Volumn 651, Issue 1 I, 2006, Pages 517-534

  Boley, Aaron C ^a   Mejía, Annie C ^b   Durisen, Richard H ^a   Cai, Kai ^a   Pickett, Megan K ^c   D'Alessio, Paola ^d  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c PURDUE UNIVERSITY CALUMET   (United States)

^d UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Accretion, accretion disks; Convection; Hydrodynamics; Instabilities; Solar system: formation

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845685810     PISSN: 0004637X     EISSN: 15384357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/507478     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Armitage, P. J., Livio, M., & Pringle, J. E. 2001, MNRAS, 324, 705
2. Baibus, S. A., & Hawley, J. F. 1991, ApJ, 376, 214
3. Baibus, S. A., & Papaloizou, J. C. B. 1999, ApJ, 521, 650
4. Beckwith, S. V. W., Sargent, A. I., Chini, R. S., & Guesten, R. 1990, AJ, 99, 924
5. Bell, K. R. 1999, ApJ, 526, 411
6. Bodenheimer, P., Yorke, H. W., Rozyczka, M., & Tohline, J. E. 1990, ApJ, 355, 651
7. Boley, A. C., & Durisen, R. H. 2005, LPI Contribution, 1286, 8177
8. _. 2006, ApJ, 641, 534
9. Boley, A. C., Durisen, R. H., & Pickett, M. K. 2005, in ASP Conf. Ser. 341, Chondrites and the Protoplanetary Disk, ed. A. N. Krot, E. R. D. Scott, & B. Reipurth (San Francico: ASP), 839
10. Boss, A. P. 1997, Science, 276, 1836
11. _. 1998, ApJ, 503, 923
12. _. 2001, ApJ, 563, 367
13. _. 2002, ApJ, 576, 462
14. _. 2004, ApJ, 610, 456
15. _. 2005, ApJ, 629, 535
16. Boss, A. P., & Durisen, R. H. 2005, ApJ, 621, L137
17. Cai, K., Durisen, R. H., Michael, S., Boley, A. C., Mejía, A. C., Pickett, M. K., & D'Alessio, P. 2006, ApJ, 636, L149
18. Calvet, N., Briceño, C., Hernández, J., Hoyer, S., Hartmann, L., Sicilia-Aguilar, A., Megeath, S. T., & D'Alessio, P. 2005, AJ, 129, 935
19. Calvet, N., Patino, A., Magris, G. C., & D'Alessio, P. 1991, ApJ, 380, 617
20. Christodoulou, D. M. 1989, Ph.D. thesis, Louisiana State Univ.
21. D'Alessio, P. 1996, Ph.D. thesis, Inst. Astro. UNAM
22. D'Alessio, P., Calvet, N., & Hartmann, L. 2001, ApJ, 553, 321
23. D'Alessio, P., Calvet, N., Hartmann, L., Lizano, S., & Cantó, J. 1999, ApJ, 527, 893
24. Desch, S. J., & Connolly, H. C. 2002, Meteoritics Planet. Sci., 37, 183
25. Draine, B. T., & Lee, H. M. 1984, ApJ, 285, 89
26. Durisen, R. H., Boss, A. P., Mayer, L., Nelson, A. F., Quinn, T., & Rice, W. K. M. 2006, in Protostars and Planets V, ed. B. Reipurth, D. Jewitt, & K. Keil (Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press), in press, http://www.ifa.hawaii. edu/UHNAI/ppv/sec7-2.pdf
27. Durisen, R. H., Cai, K., Mejía, A. C., & Pickett, M. K. 2005, Icarus, 173, 417
28. Durisen, R. H., Mejía, A. C., & Pickett, B. K. 2003, Recent Res. Dev. Appl. Phys., 1, 173
29. Fischer, D. A., & Valenti, J. 2005, ApJ, 622, 1102
30. Gammie, C. F. 1996, ApJ, 457, 355
31. _. 2001, ApJ, 553, 174
32. Haghighipour, N. 2005, MNRAS, 362, 1015
33. Haghighipour, N., & Boss, A. P. 2003, ApJ, 598, 1301
34. Hartmann, L. 2005, in ASP Conf. Ser. 341, Chondrites and the Protoplanetary Disk, ed. A. N. Krot, E. R. D. Scott, & B. Reipurth (San Francicso: ASP), 1003
35. Hartmann, L., Calvet, N., Gullbring, E., & D'Alessio, P. 1998, ApJ, 495, 385
36. Hartmann, L., & Kenyon, S. J. 1996, ARA&A, 34, 207
37. Henning, T., & Stognienko, R. 1996, A&A, 311, 291
38. Hubeny, I. 1990, ApJ, 351, 632
39. Imamura, J. N., Durisen, R. H., & Pickett, B. K. 2000, ApJ, 528, 946
40. Johnson, B. M., & Gammie, C. F. 2003, ApJ, 597, 131
41. Laughlin, G., & Rozyczka, M. 1996, ApJ, 456, 279
42. Lin, D. N. C., & Papaloizou, J. 1980, MNRAS, 191, 37
43. Lodato, G., & Rice, W. K. M. 2004, MNRAS, 351, 630
44. Lubow, S. H., & Ogilvie, G. I. 1998, ApJ, 504, 983
45. Lubow, S. H., & Pringle, J. E. 1993, ApJ, 409, 360
46. Lynden-Bell, D., & Kalnajs, A. J. 1972, MNRAS, 157, 1
47. Mathis, J. S., Rumpl, W., & Nordsieck, K. H. 1977, ApJ, 217, 425
48. Mayer, L., Wadsley, J., Quinn, T., & Stadel, J. 2004, in ASP Conf. Ser. 321, Extrasolar Planets: Today and Tomorrow, ed. J.-P. Beaulieu, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, & C. Terquem (San Francisco: ASP), 290
49. Mejía, A. C. 2004, PhD thesis, Indiana Univ.
50. Mejía, A. C., Durisen, R. H., Pickett, M. K., & Cai, K. 2005, ApJ, 619, 1098 (Paper II)
51. Mihalas, D., & Weibel-Mihalas, B. 1984, Foundations of Radiation Hydrodynamics (New York: Oxford Univ. Press)
52. Muzerolle, J., Calvet, N., Hartmann, L., & D'Alessio, P. 2003, ApJ, 597, L149
53. Nelson, A. F., Benz, W., & Ruzmaikina, T. V. 2000, ApJ, 529, 357
54. Norman, M. L., & Winkler, K.-H. A. 1986, in Astrophysical Radiation Hydrodynamics, ed. K.-H. A. Winkler & M. L. Norman (Dordrecht: Reidel), 187
55. Ogilvie, G. I. 1998, MNRAS, 297, 291
56. Pickett, B. K. 1995, Ph.D. thesis, Indiana Univ.
57. Pickett, B. K., Cassen, P., Durisen, R. H., & Link, R. 1998, ApJ, 504, 468
58. _. 2000, ApJ, 529, 1034
59. Pickett, B. K., Mejía, A. C., Durisen, R. H., Cassen, P. M., Berry, D. K., & Link, R. P. 2003, ApJ, 590, 1060 (Paper I)
60. Pickett, M. K., & Lim, A. J. 2004, Astron. Geophys., 45, 12
61. Pollack, J. B., Hollenbach, D., Beckwith, S., Simonelli, D. P., Roush, T., & Fong, W. 1994, ApJ, 421, 615
62. Pollack, J. B., Hubickyj, O., Bodenheimer, P., Lissauer, J. J., Podolak, M., & Greenzweig, Y. 1996, Icarus, 124, 62
63. Pollack, J. B., McKay, C. P., & Christofferson, B. M. 1985, Icarus, 64, 471
64. Pringle, J. E. 1981, ARA&A, 19, 137
65. Rafikov, R. R. 2005, ApJ, 621, L69
66. Rice, W. K. M., Armitage, P. J., Bate, M. R., & Bonnell, I. A. 2003, MNRAS, 339, 1025
67. Rice, W. K. M., Lodato, G., & Armitage, P. J. 2005, MNRAS, 364, L56
68. Rice, W. K. M., Lodato, G., Pringle, J. E., Armitage, P. J., & Bonnell, I. A. 2004, MNRAS, 355, 543
69. Ruden, S. P., & Pollack, J. B. 1991, ApJ, 375, 740
70. Shakura, N. I., & Sunyaev, R. A. 1973, A&A, 24, 337
71. Toomre, A. 1964, ApJ, 139, 1217
72. van Albada, G. D., van Leer, B., & Roberts, W. W. 1982, A&A, 108, 76
73. Weidenschilling, S. J. 1977, Ap&SS, 51, 153
74. _. 1997, Icarus, 127, 290
75. Williams, H. A. 1988, Ph.D. thesis, Louisiana State Univ.
76. Wood, J. A. 1996, Meteoritics Planet. Sci., 31, 641
77. Yang, S. X. 1992, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Louisville