Rock glaciers on Mars: Earth-based clues to Mars' recent paleoclimatic history

Planetary and Space Science

Volumn 55, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 181-192

  Mahaney, William C ^a   Miyamoto, Hideaki ^b   Dohm, James M ^b   Baker, Victor R ^b   Cabrol, Nathalie A ^c   Grin, Edmond A ^c   Berman, Daniel C ^d  

^a Quaternary Surveys   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^c NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^d PLANETARY SCIENCE INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Mars; Paleoclimatology; Rock Glacier Rheology

Indexed keywords

CLIMATOLOGY; GLACIERS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MORPHOLOGY; PLANETS; RHEOLOGY;

EXOBIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION; PALEOCLIMATOLOGY; ROCK GLACIER RHEOLOGY;

SPACE RESEARCH;

EID: 33845655616     PISSN: 00320633     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.016     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Ackert Jr. R.P. A rock glacier/debris-covered glacier system at Galena Creek, Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming. Geog. Ann. 80A 3&4 (1998) 267-276
2. Arenson L., Hoelzle M., and Springman S. Borehole deformation measurements and internal structure of some rock glaciers in Switzerland. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 13 (2002) 117-135
3. Azuma N. A flow law for anisotropic ice and its application to ice sheets. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 128 (1994) 601-614
4. Baker V.R. Water and the martian landscape. Nature 412 (2001) 228-236
5. Baker V.R., Strom R.G., Gulick V.C., Kargel J.S., Komatsu G., and Kale V.S. Ancient oceans, ice sheets and the hydrological cycle on Mars. Nature 352 (1991) 589-594
6. Baker, V.R., Strom, R.G., Dohm, J.M., Gulick, V.C., Kargel, J.S., Komatsu, G., Ori, G.G., Rice Jr., J.W., 2000. Mars' Oceanus Borealis, ancient glaciers, and the MEGAOUTFLO hypothesis. In: Thirty-first Lunar Planetary Science Conference, Houston, [CD-ROM], abstract 1863.
7. Barcilon V., and MacAyeal D.R. Steady flow of a viscous ice stream across a no slip/free transition at the bed. J. Glaciol. 39 (1993) 167-185
8. Barsch D. Rock Glaciers: indicators for the Present and Former Geoecology in High Mountain Environments (1996), Springer, Berlin 331pp
9. Barsch D., Fierz H., and Haeberli W. Shallow core drilling and bore-hole measurements in permafrost of an active rock glacier near the Grubengletscher, Wallis, Swiss Alps. Arctic Alpine Res. 11 (1979) 215-228
10. Behre C.H. Talus behavior above timber in the Rocky Mountains. J. Geol. 41 (1933) 622-635
11. Benedict J.B. Recent glacial history of an alpine area in the Colorado Front Range, USA II, Dating the glacial deposits. J. Glaciol. 7 (1968) 77-88
12. Berger J., Krainer K., and Mostler W. Dynamics of an active rock glacier (Otztal Alps, Austria). Q. Res. 62 (2004) 233-242
13. Berman D.C., Hartmann W.K., Crown D.A., and Baker V.R. The role of arcuate ridges and gullies in the degradation of craters in the Newton Basin region of Mars. Icarus 178 (2005) 465-486
14. Birkeland P.W. Use of relative age-dating methods in a stratigraphic study of rock glacier deposits, Mt. Sopris, Colorado. Arctic Alpine Res. 5 (1973) 401-416
15. Boynton W.V., Feldman W.C., Squyres S.W., Prettyman T., Brückner J., Evans L.G., Reedy R.C., Starr R., Arnold J.R., Drake D.M., Englert P.A.J., Metzger A.E., Mitrofanov I., Trombka J.I., d'Uston C., Wänke H., Gasnault O., Hamara D.K., Janes D.M., Marcialis R.L., Maurice S., Mikheeva I., Taylor G.J., Tokar R., and Shinohara C. Distribution of hydrogen in the near-surface of Mars: evidence for subsurface ice deposits. Science 297 (2002) 81-85
16. Brown H. A probable fossil glacier. J. Geol. 33 (1925) 464-466
17. Cabrol, N.A., Grin, E.A., 2002a. The Recent Mars Global Warming (MGW) and/or South Pole Advance (SPA) hypothesis: global geological evidence and reasons why gullies might still be forming today. In: Thirty-third Lunar Planetary Science Conference, Houston, [CD-ROM], abstract 1058.
18. Cabrol, N. A., Grin, E.A., 2002b. Astrobiological implications of modern glaciers and surface ice on Mars. In: Second Astrobiology Conference, NASA Ames Research Center, 2002.
19. Cabrol, N.A., Grin, E.A., Dohm, J.M., 2001a. From Gullies to Glaciers: a morphological continuum supporting a Recent Climate Change on Mars. In: American Geophysical Union Abstracts with Programs, vol. 82(47), San Francisco, p. F694.
20. Cabrol N.A., Wynn-Williams D.D., Crawford D.A., and Grin E.A. Recent aqueous environments in Martian impact craters: an astrobiological perspective. Icarus 154 (2001) 98-112
21. Cabrol, N. A., Wynn-Williams, D.D., Crawford, D.A., Grin, E.A., 2001c. Recent aqueous environments in impact craters and the astrobiological exploration of Mars. In: Thirty-second Lunar Planatery Science Conference, Houston, [CD-ROM], 32, abstract 1251.
22. Capps S.R. Rock glaciers in Alaska. J. Geol. 18 (1910) 359-375
23. Carr M.H., and Clow G.D. Martian channels and valleys: their characteristics, distribution and age. Icarus 48 (1981) 901-917
24. Carr M.H., and Schaber G.G. Martian permafrost features. J. Geophys. Res. 28 (1977) 4039-4054
25. Clark D.H., Steig E.J., Potter Jr. N.J., and Gillespie A.R. Genetic variability of rock glaciers. Geog. Ann. 80A 3&4 (1998) 175-182
26. Colaprete A., and Jakosky B.M. Ice flow and rock glaciers on Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 103 (1998) 5897-5909
27. Corte A. Rock glaciers. Biul Peryglacjalny 26 (1976) 175-197
28. Cross, C. W., Whitman, E., Howe, E., 1905. Geography and general geology of the quadrangle. In: Silverton Folio. USG.S. Folio no. 120, pp. 1-25.
29. Cui Z. An investigation of rock glaciers in the Kunlun Shan, China. Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, AL (1983), Academic Press, Washington 208-211
30. Dohm J.M., Anderson R.C., Baker V.R., Ferris J.C., Rudd L.P., Hare T.M., Rice Jr. J.W., Casavant R.R., Strom R.G., Zimbelman J.R., and Scott D.H. Latent outflow activity for western Tharsis, Mars: significant flood record exposed. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 12,301-12,314
31. Dohm J.M., Ferris J.C., Baker V.R., Anderson R.C., Hare T.M., Strom R.G., Barlow N.G., Tanaka K.L., Klemaszewski J.E., and Scott D.H. Ancient drainage basin of the Tharsis region, Mars: potential source for outflow channel systems and putative oceans or paleolakes. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (2001) 32,943-32,958
32. Eliason, E., Batson, R., Wu, S., 1992. Mars Mosaicked Digital Image Model (MDIM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM). Mission to Mars: PDS volumes USA_NASA_PDS_VO_2001 through VO_2014. Distributed on CD-ROM media by the NASA Planetary Data System.
33. Evin M., and Assier A. Mésures d'orientation de blocs sur quelques accumulations des Alpes du Sud (Brianconnais, Queyras, Embrunais, Ubaye, Argentera-Mercantour. France et Italie): Etablissement de coefficients permettant l'etude des glaciers rocheux. Z. Gletscherkd Glazialgeol. 19 (1983) 107-126
34. Fabre, D., Ribolini, A., Federici, P.R., Pappalardo, M., 2003. The lower discontinuous permafrost boundary in the Argentera Massif (Maritime Alps, Italy): insight from rock glacier geo-electrical soundings. In: Haeberli, W., Brandová, D. (Eds.), Eighth International Conference on Permafrost, Zurich, Switzerland, 20-25 July 2003, Extended Abstracts, pp. 33-34.
35. Fairén A.G., Dohm J.M., Baker V.R., de Pablo M.A., Ruiz J., Ferris J.C., and Anderson R.C. Episodic flood inundations of the northern plains of Mars. Icarus 165 (2003) 53-67
36. Feldman W.C., Boynton W.V., Tokar R.L., Prettyman T.H., Gasnault O., Squyres S.W., Elphic R.C., Lawrence D.J., Lawson S.L., Maurice S., McKinney G.W., Moore K.R., and Reedy R.C. Global distribution of neutrons from Mars: results from Mars Odyssey. Science 297 (2002) 75-78
37. Ferris J.C., Dohm J.M., Baker V.R., and Maddock III T. Dark slope streaks on Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 10 (2002) 128-1-128-4
38. Foster H.L., and Holmes G.W. A large transitional rock glacier in the Johnson River Area, Alaska Range. USG.S. Professional Paper 525B (1965) 112-116
39. Frauenfelder R., Laustela M., and Kääb A. Relative age dating of Alpine Rockglacier surfaces. Zeitsch. Geomorphol. 49 (2005) 145-166
40. In: Giardino J.R., Vitek J.D., and Shroder J.F. (Eds). Rock Glaciers (1987), Unwin Hyman, UK 355pp
41. Goldsby D.L., and Kohlstedt D.L. Superplastic deformation of ice: experimental observations. J. Geophys. Res. 106 B6 (2001) 11,017-11,030
42. Gorbunov A.P. Rock glaciers of the mountains of middle Asia. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, AL (1983), National Academic Press, Washington 359-362
43. Greve R., and Mahajan R.A. Influence of ice rheology and dust content on the dynamics of the north-polar cap of Mars. Icarus 174 (2005) 475-485
44. Gulick V.C., and Baker V.R. Fluvial valleys and Martian paleoclimates. Nature 341 (1989) 514-516
45. Haberle R. M., McKa,y, C.P., Schaeffer, J., Joshi, M., Cabrol, N.A., Grin, E.A., 2000. Meteorological control on the formation of paleolakes on Mars. In: Thirty-first Lunar Planetary Science Conference, Houston, [CD-ROM], abstract 1509.
46. Haeberli W. Permafrost-glacier relationships in the Swiss Alps-today and in the past. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, AL (1983), National Academic Press, Washington 415-420
47. Haeberli, W., Huder, J., Keusen, H.R., Pika, J., Rothlisberger, H., 1988. Core drilling through rock glacier permafrost. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference Permafrost in Trondheim, Norway, vol. 2, pp. 937-942.
48. Hole A.D. Glaciation in the Telluride Quadrangle, Colorado. J. Geol. 20 (1912) 502-529 and 605-639
49. Höllermann, P., 1983. Probleme der Blockgletscherforschung, Referat des Diskussionsbeitrages. In: Poser, H., Schunke, E. (Eds.), Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften Göttingen. Math Phys Kl Folge, vol. 3, pp. 116-119
50. Hooke R.L., Dahlin B.H., and Kauper M.T. Creep of ice containing dispersed fine sand. J. Glaciol. 11 (1972) 327-336
51. Howe E. Landslides in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado. USG.S. Professional Paper 67 (1909) 58pp
52. Humlum O. Origin of rock glaciers: observations from Mellemfjord, Disko Island, Central WestGreenland. Perm. Perig. Proc. 7 (1996) 361-380
53. Ives R.L. Rock glaciers in the Colorado front range. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 50 (1940) 1271-1294
54. Jakob M. Active rock glaciers and the lower limit of discontinuous alpine permafrost, Khumbu Himalaya, Nepal. Permafrost Periglacial Process. 3 (1992) 253-256
55. Jeanneret F. Blockgletscher in den Südalpen Neuseelands. Z. Geomorphol. NF 19 (1975) 83-94
56. Ji S. A generalized mixture rule for estimating the viscosity of solid-liquid suspensions and mechanical properties of polyphase rocks and composite materials. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) B10207 10.1029/2004JB003124
57. Jones S.J., and Glen J.W. The mechanical properties of single crystals of pure ice. J. Glaciol. 8 (1969) 463-473
58. Kaab A., and Vollmer M. Surface geometry, thickness changes and flow fields on creeping mountain permafrost: automatic extraction by digital image analysis. Permafrost Periglacial Process. 11 (2000) 315-326
59. Kargel J.S., and Strom R.G. Ancient glaciation on Mars. Geology 20 (1992) 3-7
60. Kesseli J.E. Rock streams in the Sierra Nevada. Geogr. Rev. 31 (1941) 203-227
61. Kitanovski A., and Poredos A. Concentration distribution and viscosity of ice-slurry in heterogeneous flow. Int. J. Refrig. 25 (2002) 827-835
62. Laskar J., Correia A.C.M., Gastineau M., Joutel F., Levrard B., and Robutel P. Long term evolution and chaotic diffusion of the insolation quantities of Mars. Icarus 170 (2004) 343-364
63. Lucchitta B.K. Ice and debris in the fretted terrain, Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 89 (1984) B409-B418
64. Mahaney W.C. Late Quaternary soil stratigraphy in the Wind River Mountains, Western Wyoming. In: Mahaney W.C. (Ed). Quaternary Soils, Geo Abstracts (1987), Norwich, UK 223-264
65. Mahaney W.C. Late quaternary rock glaciers, Mount Kenya, East Africa. J. Glaciol. 25 (1980) 492-497
66. Mahaney, W.C., 1981. Paleoclimate reconstructed from paleosols: evidence from the Rocky Mountains and East Africa. In: Mahaney, W.C. (Ed.), Quaternary paleoclimate, GeoAbstracts, Norwich, UK, pp. 227-247.
67. Mahaney W.C. Macrofabrics and quartz microstructures confirm glacial origin of Sunnybrook Drift in the Lake Ontario Basin. Geology 18 (1990) 145-148
68. Mahaney W.C. Ice on the Equator (1990), Wm Caxton Ltd., Ellison Bay, WI 386pp
69. Mahaney W.C. Pleistocene and Holocene glacier thicknesses and/or transport histories inferred from microtextures on quartz particles. Boreas 24 (1995) 293-304
70. Mahaney W.C., and Spence J.R. Late Quaternary deposits, soils, chronology and floristics, Jaw Cirque area, Central Teton Range, Western Wyoming. Am. J. Sci. 284 (1984) 1056-1081
71. Mahaney W.C., Piegat J., Halvorson D.L., and Sanmugadas K. Evaluation of dating methods used to assign ages in the Wind River and Teton Ranges, western Wyoming. In: Mahaney W.C. (Ed). Q. Dating Meth. (1984), Elsevier, Amsterdam 355-374
72. Malin M.C., and Edgett K.S. Evidence for recent groundwater seepage and surface runoff on Mars. Science 288 (2000) 2330-2335
73. Mangold N., and Allemand P. Topographic analysis of features related to ice on mars. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (2001) 407-410
74. Mangold N., Allemand P., Duval P., Geraud Y., and Thomas P. Experimental and theoretical deformation of ice-rock mixtures: implications on rheology and ice content of Martian permafrost, Planet. Space Sci. 50 (2002) 385-401
75. Masursky H. An overview of geologic results from Mariner 9. J. Geophys. Res. 78 (1973) 4037-4047
76. Miyamoto H., and Sasaki S. Simulating lava flows by an improved cellular automata method. Comput. Geosci. 23 (1997) 283-292
77. Miyamoto H., and Sasaki S. Numerical simulations of flood basalt lava flows: roles of some parameters on flow morphologies. J. Geophys. Res. 103 (1998) 27,489-27,502
78. Miyamoto H., Dohm J.M., Beyer R.A., and Baker V.R. Fluid dynamical implications of anastomosing slope streaks on Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) E06008 10.1029/2003JE002234
79. Miyamoto H., Dohm J.M., Baker V.R., Beyer R.A., and Bourke M. Dynamics of unusual debris flows on Martian sand dunes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) L13701 10.1029/2004GL020313
80. Miyamoto H., Mitri G., Showman A.P., and Dohm J.M. Putative ice flows on Europa: Geometric patterns and relation to topography collectively constrain material properties and effusion rates. Icarus 177 (2005) 413-424
81. Mustard J.F., Cooper C.D., and Rifkin M.K. Evidence for recent climate change on Mars from the identification of youthful near-surface ground ice. Nature 412 (2001) 411-414
82. Nicholas J.W. Fabric analysis of rock glacier debris mantles, La Sal Mountains, UT. Permafrost Periglacial Process. 5 (1994) 53-66
83. Østrem G., and Arnold K. Ice-cored moraines in southern British Columbia and AB, Canada. Geogr. Ann. 52A (1970) 120-128
84. Outcault S.I., and Benedict J.B. Photo-interpretation of two types of rock glacier in the Colorado Front Range, USA. J. Glaciol. 5 (1965) 849-856
85. Patterson W.S.B. The Physics of Glaciers. third ed. (1994), Elsevier, Amsterdam 480pp
86. Patton H.B. Rock streams of Veta Peak, Colorado. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 21 (1910) 663-676
87. Pollack J.B., et al. The case for a warm, wet climate on early Mars. Icarus 71 (1987) 203-224
88. Potter N. Galena Creek rock glacier, northern Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Paper 115 (1968) 438
89. Potter N. Ice-cored rock glacier, Galena Creek, northern Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 83 (1972) 3025-3058
90. Scott, D. H., Dohm, J.M., Rice Jr., J.W., 1995. Map of Mars showing channels and possible paleolake basins, USGS Misc. Inv. Ser. Map I-2461 (1:30,000,000).
91. Seppi, R., Baroni, C., Carton, A., 2003. Rock glacier inventory of the Adamello Presanella massif (Central Alps, Italy). In: Haeberli, W., Brandová, D. (Eds.), Eighth International Conference on Permafrost, Zurich, Switzerland, 20-25 July 2003, Extended Abstracts, pp. 145-146.
92. Squyres S.W. Martian fretted terrain: Flow of erosional debris. Icarus 34 (1978) 600-613
93. Squyres S.W. Urey prize lecture: water on Mars. Icarus 79 (1989) 229-288
94. Squyres S.W., and Carr M.H. Geomorphic evidence for the distribution of ground ice on Mars. Science 231 (1986) 249-252
95. Steenstrup K.J.V. Bidrage til Kjendskab til Braeerne og Brae-Isen i Nor-Grönland. Medd Grönl 4 (1883) 69-112
96. Tanaka, K.L., 1986. The stratigraphy of Mars. In: Proceedings of 17th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, March 17-21, 1986, pt. 1. J. Geophys. Res. 91(B13), E139-E158.
97. Tyrrell J.B. Rock glaciers or chrystocrenes. J. Geol. 28 (1910) 549-553
98. Vietoris L. Über die Blockgletscher des Äußeren Hochegbenkars. Z. Gletscherk Glazialgeol. 8 (1972) 169-188
99. Vonder Mühll D., and Haeberli W. Thermal characteristics of the permafrost within an active rock glacier (Murtèl/Corvatsch, Grisons, Swiss Alps). J. Glaciol. 36 (1990) 151-158
100. Wahrhaftig C., and Cox A. Rock glaciers in the Alaska Range. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 70 (1959) 383-436
101. Whalley, B., 1974. Rock glaciers and their formation as part of a glacier debris-transport system. Geographical Report 24. Reading Geographical Papers, Reading, UK, 60pp.
102. Whalley W.B., and Azizi F. Rock glaciers and protalus landforms: analogous forms and ice sources on Earth and Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 108 E4 (2003) 8032 10.1029/2002JE001864