메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1076, Issue , 2006, Pages 615-623

Hazardous anticancer drugs in health care: Environmental exposure assessment

Author keywords

Antineoplastic drugs; Exposure assessment; Occupational exposure

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ARSENIC TRIOXIDE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CARMUSTINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DOXORUBICIN; FLUOROURACIL; IFOSFAMIDE; METHOTREXATE; PACLITAXEL; PLATINUM; THIOTEPA;

EID: 33845646325     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1371.021     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (56)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 33845654681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) http://www.who.int/en/
  • 3
    • 0342860297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenesis: A late complication of cancer chemotherapy
    • B.A. CHABNER & D.L. LONGO, Eds.: Lippincott-Raven. Philadelphia
    • ERLICHMAN, C. & M. MOORE. 1996. Carcinogenesis: a late complication of cancer chemotherapy. In Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principles and Practice, 2nd ed. B.A. CHABNER & D.L. LONGO, Eds.: 45-58. Lippincott-Raven. Philadelphia.
    • (1996) Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principles and Practice, 2nd Ed. , pp. 45-58
    • Erlichman, C.1    Moore, M.2
  • 4
    • 0025317639 scopus 로고
    • ASHP technical assistance bulletin on handling cytotoxic and hazardous drugs
    • AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HOSPITAL PHARMACISTS
    • AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HOSPITAL PHARMACISTS. 1990. ASHP technical assistance bulletin on handling cytotoxic and hazardous drugs. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 47: 1033-1049.
    • (1990) Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. , vol.47 , pp. 1033-1049
  • 5
    • 20244390359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TED 1-0.15A, Section VI, Chapter 2, Jan 20
    • OSHA TECHNICAL MANUAL, TED 1-0.15A, Section VI, Chapter 2, Jan 20, 1999 http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_vi/otm_vi_2.html#2
    • (1999) OSHA Technical Manual
  • 7
    • 0018785705 scopus 로고
    • Mutagenicity in urine of nurses handling cytostatic drugs
    • For Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No 2004-165
    • FALCK, K., P. GRÖHN, M. SORSA, et al. 1979. Mutagenicity in urine of nurses handling cytostatic drugs. Lancet 1: 1250-1251. For Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No 2004-165.
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1250-1251
    • Falck, K.1    Gröhn, P.2    Sorsa, M.3
  • 8
    • 0029987302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring occupational exposure to cancer chemotherapy drugs
    • BAKER, E.S. & T.H. CONNOR. 1996. Monitoring occupational exposure to cancer chemotherapy drugs. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 53: 2713-2723.
    • (1996) Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. , vol.53 , pp. 2713-2723
    • Baker, E.S.1    Connor, T.H.2
  • 9
    • 0030591666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of occupational exposure to cytostatic anticancer agents
    • SORSA, M. & ANDERSON, D. 1996. Monitoring of occupational exposure to cytostatic anticancer agents. Mutat. Res. 355: 253-261.
    • (1996) Mutat. Res. , vol.355 , pp. 253-261
    • Sorsa, M.1    Anderson, D.2
  • 10
    • 0032941875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs hazardous to healthcare workers: Evaluation of methods for monitoring occupational exposure to cytostatic drugs
    • SESSINK, P.J.M. & R.P. BOS. 1999. Drugs hazardous to healthcare workers: evaluation of methods for monitoring occupational exposure to cytostatic drugs. Drug Saf. 20: 347-359.
    • (1999) Drug Saf. , vol.20 , pp. 347-359
    • Sessink, P.J.M.1    Bos, R.P.2
  • 11
    • 5444222883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks of handling cytotoxic drugs
    • M.C. Perry, Ed.: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia
    • HARRISON, B.R. 2001. Risks of handling cytotoxic drugs. In The Chemotherapy Source Book, 3rd ed. M.C. Perry, Ed.: 566-582. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia.
    • (2001) The Chemotherapy Source Book, 3rd Ed. , pp. 566-582
    • Harrison, B.R.1
  • 12
    • 0022378936 scopus 로고
    • A study of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs and fetal loss in nurses
    • SELEVAN, S.G., M.-L. LINDBOHM, R.W. HORNUNG & K. HEMMINKI. 1985. A study of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs and fetal loss in nurses. N. Engl. J. Med. 313: 1173-1178.
    • (1985) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.313 , pp. 1173-1178
    • Selevan, S.G.1    Lindbohm, M.-L.2    Hornung, R.W.3    Hemminki, K.4
  • 13
    • 0025197019 scopus 로고
    • Risk of spontaneous abortion among nurses handling antineoplastic drugs
    • STÜCKER, I., J.-F. CALIIARD, R. COLLIN, et al. 1990. Risk of spontaneous abortion among nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 16: 102-107.
    • (1990) Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , vol.16 , pp. 102-107
    • Stücker, I.1    Caliiard, J.-F.2    Collin, R.3
  • 14
    • 0021876961 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous abortions and malformations in the offspring of nurses exposed to anesthetic gases, cytostatic drugs, and other potential hazards in hospitals, based on registered information of outcome
    • HEMMINKI, K., P. KYYRÖNEN & M.-L. LINDBOHM. 1985. Spontaneous abortions and malformations in the offspring of nurses exposed to anesthetic gases, cytostatic drugs, and other potential hazards in hospitals, based on registered information of outcome. J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health 39: 141-147.
    • (1985) J. Epidemiol. Comm. Health , vol.39 , pp. 141-147
    • Hemminki, K.1    Kyyrönen, P.2    Lindbohm, M.-L.3
  • 16
    • 0032837314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents: Self-reported miscarriages and stillbirths among nurses and pharmacists
    • VALANIS, B., W.M. VOLLMER & P. STEELE. 1999. Occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents: self-reported miscarriages and stillbirths among nurses and pharmacists. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 41: 632-638.
    • (1999) J. Occup. Environ. Med. , vol.41 , pp. 632-638
    • Valanis, B.1    Vollmer, W.M.2    Steele, P.3
  • 17
    • 0037989063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological and environmental monitoring of hospital personnel exposed to antineoplastic agent: A review of analytical methods
    • TURCI, R., C. SOTTANI, G. SPAGNOLI & C. MINOIA. 2003. Biological and environmental monitoring of hospital personnel exposed to antineoplastic agent: a review of analytical methods. J. Chromatog. B. 789: 169-209.
    • (2003) J. Chromatog. B , vol.789 , pp. 169-209
    • Turci, R.1    Sottani, C.2    Spagnoli, G.3    Minoia, C.4
  • 18
    • 0026595028 scopus 로고
    • Detection of contamination with antineoplastic agents in a hospital pharmacy department
    • SESSINK, P.J.M., R.B. ANZION, P.H.H. VAN DER BROEK & R.P. BOS. 1992a. Detection of contamination with antineoplastic agents in a hospital pharmacy department. Pharm. Week Sci. 14: 16-22.
    • (1992) Pharm. Week Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 16-22
    • Sessink, P.J.M.1    Anzion, R.B.2    Van Der Broek, P.H.H.3    Bos, R.P.4
  • 19
    • 0026760399 scopus 로고
    • Occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents at several departments in a hospital: Environmental contamination and excretion of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in urine of exposed workers
    • SESSINK, P.J.M., K.A. BOER, A.P. SCHEEFHALS, et al. 1992b. Occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents at several departments in a hospital: environmental contamination and excretion of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in urine of exposed workers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 64: 105-112.
    • (1992) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.64 , pp. 105-112
    • Sessink, P.J.M.1    Boer, K.A.2    Scheefhals, A.P.3
  • 20
    • 0027529954 scopus 로고
    • Exposure of hospital pharmacists and nurses to antineoplastic agents
    • MCDEVITT, J.J., P.S.J. LEES & M.A. MCDIARMID. 1993. Exposure of hospital pharmacists and nurses to antineoplastic agents. J. Occup. Med. 35: 57-60.
    • (1993) J. Occup. Med. , vol.35 , pp. 57-60
    • McDevitt, J.J.1    Lees, P.S.J.2    McDiarmid, M.A.3
  • 21
    • 0001973047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological, cytogenetic, and ambient monitoring of exposure to antineoplastic drugs
    • PETHRAN, A., K. HAUFF, H. HESSEL & C.-H. GRIMM. 1998. Biological, cytogenetic, and ambient monitoring of exposure to antineoplastic drugs. J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 4: 57.
    • (1998) J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. , vol.4 , pp. 57
    • Pethran, A.1    Hauff, K.2    Hessel, H.3    Grimm, C.-H.4
  • 22
    • 0031765002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in the environmental and biological monitoring of healthcare personnel occupationally exposed to cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide
    • MINOIA, C., R. TURCI, C. SOTTANI, et al. 1998. Application of high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in the environmental and biological monitoring of healthcare personnel occupationally exposed to cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12: 1485-1493.
    • (1998) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.12 , pp. 1485-1493
    • Minoia, C.1    Turci, R.2    Sottani, C.3
  • 23
    • 0032888455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of surface contamination by certain antineoplastic drugs using high-performance liquid chromatography: Applications in occupational hygiene investigations in hospital environments
    • RUBINO, F.M., L. FLORIDIA, A.M. PIETROPAOLO, et al. 1999. Measurement of surface contamination by certain antineoplastic drugs using high-performance liquid chromatography: applications in occupational hygiene investigations in hospital environments. Med. Lav. 90: 572-583.
    • (1999) Med. Lav. , vol.90 , pp. 572-583
    • Rubino, F.M.1    Floridia, L.2    Pietropaolo, A.M.3
  • 24
    • 0033565504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface contamination with antineoplastic agents in six cancer treatment centers in Canada and the United States
    • CONNOR, T.H., R.W. ANDERSON, P.J. SESSINK, et al. 1999. Surface contamination with antineoplastic agents in six cancer treatment centers in Canada and the United States. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 56: 1427-1432.
    • (1999) Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. , vol.56 , pp. 1427-1432
    • Connor, T.H.1    Anderson, R.W.2    Sessink, P.J.3
  • 25
    • 0035808621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of 5-fluorouracil in environmental samples by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection
    • MICOLI, G., R. TURCI, M. ARPELLINI & C. MINOIA. 2001. Determination of 5-fluorouracil in environmental samples by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J. Chromatogr. B. 750: 25-32.
    • (2001) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.750 , pp. 25-32
    • Micoli, G.1    Turci, R.2    Arpellini, M.3    Minoia, C.4
  • 26
    • 84990370546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to protect environment and employees against cytotoxic agents, the UZ Ghent experience
    • VANDENBROUCKE, J. & H. ROBAYS. 2001. How to protect environment and employees against cytotoxic agents, the UZ Ghent experience. J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 6: 146-152.
    • (2001) J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. , vol.6 , pp. 146-152
    • Vandenbroucke, J.1    Robays, H.2
  • 27
    • 0036237486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a closed-system device in containing surface contamination with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in an i.v. admixture area
    • CONNOR, T.H., R.W. ANDERSON, P.J. SESSINK & S.M. SPIVEY. 2002. Effectiveness of a closed-system device in containing surface contamination with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in an i.v. admixture area. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 59: 68-72.
    • (2002) Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. , vol.59 , pp. 68-72
    • Connor, T.H.1    Anderson, R.W.2    Sessink, P.J.3    Spivey, S.M.4
  • 28
    • 0037045961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vapor pressures, evaporation behaviour and airborne concentrations of hazardous drugs: Implications for occupational safety
    • KIFFMEYER, T.K., C. KUBE, S. OPIOLKA, et al. 2002. Vapor pressures, evaporation behaviour and airborne concentrations of hazardous drugs: implications for occupational safety. Pharm. J. 268: 331-337.
    • (2002) Pharm. J. , vol.268 , pp. 331-337
    • Kiffmeyer, T.K.1    Kube, C.2    Opiolka, S.3
  • 29
    • 0037093271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring surface contamination by antineoplastic drugs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and voltammetry
    • SCHMAUS, G., R. SCHIERL & S. FUNCK. 2002. Monitoring surface contamination by antineoplastic drugs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and voltammetry. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 59: 956-961.
    • (2002) Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. , vol.59 , pp. 956-961
    • Schmaus, G.1    Schierl, R.2    Funck, S.3
  • 30
    • 1542750054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using a closed-system protective device to reduce personnel exposure to antineoplastic agents
    • WICK, C., M.H. SLAWSON, J.A. JORGENSON & L.S. TYLER. 2003. Using a closed-system protective device to reduce personnel exposure to antineoplastic agents. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 60: 2314-2320.
    • (2003) Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. , vol.60 , pp. 2314-2320
    • Wick, C.1    Slawson, M.H.2    Jorgenson, J.A.3    Tyler, L.S.4
  • 31
    • 33845441529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring exposure of cytotoxics on the hospital ward: Measuring surface contamination of four different cytostatic drugs from one wipe sample
    • ZEEDIJK, M., B. GREIJDANUS, F.B. STEENSTRA & D.R.A. UGES. 2005. Monitoring exposure of cytotoxics on the hospital ward: measuring surface contamination of four different cytostatic drugs from one wipe sample. Eur. J. Hosp. Pharm. Sci. 11: 18-22.
    • (2005) Eur. J. Hosp. Pharm. Sci. , vol.11 , pp. 18-22
    • Zeedijk, M.1    Greijdanus, B.2    Steenstra, F.B.3    Uges, D.R.A.4
  • 32
    • 0000920878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical applications of a validated method of analysis for the detection of traces of cyclophosphamide on injection bottles and at oncological outpatient center
    • ROS, J.J.W., K.A. SIMONS, J.M. VERZIJL, et al. 1997. Practical applications of a validated method of analysis for the detection of traces of cyclophosphamide on injection bottles and at oncological outpatient center. Ziekenhuisfarmacie 13: 168-171.
    • (1997) Ziekenhuisfarmacie , vol.13 , pp. 168-171
    • Ros, J.J.W.1    Simons, K.A.2    Verzijl, J.M.3
  • 33
    • 0031975721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External contamination of commercially available cytotoxic drugs
    • HEPP, R. & G. GENTSCHEW. 1998. External contamination of commercially available cytotoxic drugs. Krankenhauspharmaxie 19: 22-27.
    • (1998) Krankenhauspharmaxie , vol.19 , pp. 22-27
    • Hepp, R.1    Gentschew, G.2
  • 34
    • 0000312503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical contamination of the primary packaging of 5-fluorouracil RTU solutions commercially available on the Belgian market
    • DELPORTE, J.P., P. CHENOIX & P.H. HUBERT. 1999. Chemical contamination of the primary packaging of 5-fluorouracil RTU solutions commercially available on the Belgian market. Eur. Hosp. Pharm. 5: 119-121.
    • (1999) Eur. Hosp. Pharm. , vol.5 , pp. 119-121
    • Delporte, J.P.1    Chenoix, P.2    Hubert, P.H.3
  • 36
    • 0038053195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External contamination of vials containing cytotoxic agents supplied by pharmaceutical manufacturers
    • FAVIER, B., L. GILLES, C. ARDIET & J.F. LATOUR. 2003. External contamination of vials containing cytotoxic agents supplied by pharmaceutical manufacturers. J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 9: 15-20.
    • (2003) J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. , vol.9 , pp. 15-20
    • Favier, B.1    Gilles, L.2    Ardiet, C.3    Latour, J.F.4
  • 37
    • 0242413756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxic drug contamination on the outside of vails delivered to a hospital pharmacy
    • MASON, H.J., J. MORTON, S.J. GARFITT, et al. 2003. Cytotoxic drug contamination on the outside of vails delivered to a hospital pharmacy. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 47: 681-685.
    • (2003) Ann. Occup. Hyg. , vol.47 , pp. 681-685
    • Mason, H.J.1    Morton, J.2    Garfitt, S.J.3
  • 38
    • 20044369892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface contamination of chemotherapy drug vials and evaluation of new vial-cleaning techniques: Results of three studies
    • CONNOR, T.H., P.J.M. SESSINK, B.R. HARRISON, et al. 2005. Surface contamination of chemotherapy drug vials and evaluation of new vial-cleaning techniques: results of three studies. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 62: 475-484.
    • (2005) Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. , vol.62 , pp. 475-484
    • Connor, T.H.1    Sessink, P.J.M.2    Harrison, B.R.3
  • 40
    • 84893936996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed June 15. 2005
    • OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION. EVALUATION GUIDELINES FOR SURFACE SAMPLING METHODS. http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/surfacesampling/ t-006-01-0104-m.html Accessed June 15. 2005.
    • Evaluation Guidelines for Surface Sampling Methods
  • 41
    • 0030859513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of platinum in workroom air and in blood and urine from nursing staff attending patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy
    • NYGREN, O. & C. LUNDGREN. 1997. Determination of platinum in workroom air and in blood and urine from nursing staff attending patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 70: 209-214.
    • (1997) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.70 , pp. 209-214
    • Nygren, O.1    Lundgren, C.2
  • 42
    • 20444404244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques in the determination of platinum in urine: Quadrupole vs. sector field
    • SPEZIA, S., B. BOCCA, G. FORTE, et al. 2005. Comparison of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques in the determination of platinum in urine: quadrupole vs. sector field. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 19: 1551-1556.
    • (2005) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.19 , pp. 1551-1556
    • Spezia, S.1    Bocca, B.2    Forte, G.3
  • 43
    • 0019614516 scopus 로고
    • Airborne drug levels in a laminar-flow hood
    • KLEINBERG, M.L. & M.J. QUINN. 1981. Airborne drug levels in a laminar-flow hood. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 38: 1301-1303.
    • (1981) Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. , vol.38 , pp. 1301-1303
    • Kleinberg, M.L.1    Quinn, M.J.2
  • 44
    • 0020536083 scopus 로고
    • Exposure of hospital workers to airborne antineoplastic agents
    • DE WERK NEAL A., R.A. WADDEN & W.L. CHIOU. 1983. Exposure of hospital workers to airborne antineoplastic agents. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 40: 597-601.
    • (1983) Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. , vol.40 , pp. 597-601
    • De Werk Neal, A.1    Wadden, R.A.2    Chiou, W.L.3
  • 45
    • 0022474665 scopus 로고
    • Sampling for airborne fluorouracil in a hospital drug preparation area
    • MCDIARMID, M.A., T. EGAN, M. FURIO, et al. 1986. Sampling for airborne fluorouracil in a hospital drug preparation area. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 43: 1942-1945.
    • (1986) Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. , vol.43 , pp. 1942-1945
    • McDiarmid, M.A.1    Egan, T.2    Furio, M.3
  • 46
    • 0023951013 scopus 로고
    • Ambient monitoring of cyclophosphamide in manufacture and hospitals
    • PYY, L., M. SORSA & E. HAKALA. 1988. Ambient monitoring of cyclophosphamide in manufacture and hospitals. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 49: 314-317.
    • (1988) Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , vol.49 , pp. 314-317
    • Pyy, L.1    Sorsa, M.2    Hakala, E.3
  • 47
    • 0036201971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety monitoring of the coliseum technique for heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin C
    • STUART, A., A.D. STEPHENS, L. WELCH & P.H. SUGERBAKER. 2002. Safety monitoring of the coliseum technique for heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin C. Annals Surg. Oncol. 9: 186-191.
    • (2002) Annals Surg. Oncol. , vol.9 , pp. 186-191
    • Stuart, A.1    Stephens, A.D.2    Welch, L.3    Sugerbaker, P.H.4
  • 48
    • 0345505703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new monitoring method using solid sorbent media for evaluation of airborne cyclophosphamide and other antineoplastic agents
    • LARSON, R.R., M.B. KHAZAELI & H.K. DILLON. 2003. A new monitoring method using solid sorbent media for evaluation of airborne cyclophosphamide and other antineoplastic agents. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 18: 120-131.
    • (2003) Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , vol.18 , pp. 120-131
    • Larson, R.R.1    Khazaeli, M.B.2    Dillon, H.K.3
  • 50
    • 22344454413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of human data in the establishment of occupational exposure limits
    • SARGENT, E.V., B.D. NAUMANN, D.G. DOLAN, et al. 2002. The importance of human data in the establishment of occupational exposure limits. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 8: 805-822.
    • (2002) Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. , vol.8 , pp. 805-822
    • Sargent, E.V.1    Naumann, B.D.2    Dolan, D.G.3
  • 51
    • 0034306627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postulating a dermal pathway for exposure to antineoplastic drugs among hospital workers. Applying a conceptual model to the results of three workplace surveys
    • KROMHOUT, H., F. HOEK, R. UITTERHOEVE, et al. 2000. Postulating a dermal pathway for exposure to antineoplastic drugs among hospital workers. Applying a conceptual model to the results of three workplace surveys. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 44: 551-560.
    • (2000) Ann. Occup. Hyg. , vol.44 , pp. 551-560
    • Kromhout, H.1    Hoek, F.2    Uitterhoeve, R.3
  • 52
    • 0037329046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of sources of workplace contamination with antineoplastic drugs and comparison of conventional IV drug preparation versus a closed system
    • SPIVEY, S. & T.H. CONNOR. 2003. Determination of sources of workplace contamination with antineoplastic drugs and comparison of conventional IV drug preparation versus a closed system. Hosp. Pharm. 38: 135-139.
    • (2003) Hosp. Pharm. , vol.38 , pp. 135-139
    • Spivey, S.1    Connor, T.H.2
  • 53
    • 0034633901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the vaporization of solutions of mutagenic antineoplastic agents at 23° and 37°C using a desiccator technique
    • CONNOR, T.H., M. SHULTS & M.P. FRASER. 2000. Determination of the vaporization of solutions of mutagenic antineoplastic agents at 23° and 37°C using a desiccator technique. Mutat. Res. 470: 85-92.
    • (2000) Mutat. Res. , vol.470 , pp. 85-92
    • Connor, T.H.1    Shults, M.2    Fraser, M.P.3
  • 54
    • 0030028124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality-assurance testing of staff pharmacists handling cytotoxic drugs
    • HARRISON, B.R., R.J. GODEFROID & E.A. KAVANAUGH. 1996. Quality-assurance testing of staff pharmacists handling cytotoxic drugs. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 53: 402-407.
    • (1996) Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. , vol.53 , pp. 402-407
    • Harrison, B.R.1    Godefroid, R.J.2    Kavanaugh, E.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.