Changing toddlers' and preschoolers' attachment classifications: The circle of security intervention

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 74, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1017-1026

  Hoffman, Kent T ^a   Marvin, Robert S ^b   Cooper, Glen ^a   Powell, Bert ^a  

^a Marycliff Institute   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Circle of Security; High risk children; Preschool attachment; Preschoolers; Prevention; Security intervention; Toddlers

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; CAREGIVER; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CLASSIFICATION; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISORIENTATION; EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT; FEMALE; HIGH RISK INFANT; HUMAN; INFANT; INTERVENTION STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARENT COUNSELING; PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL ISOLATION; TREATMENT PLANNING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EARLY INTERVENTION (EDUCATION); EDUCATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PARENT-CHILD RELATIONS; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOTHERAPY, GROUP; REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 33845629029     PISSN: 0022006X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1017     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Aber, J. L., Slade, A., Berger, B., Bresgi, I., & Kaplan, M. (1985). The Parent Development Interview. Unpublished manuscript, City University of New York.
2. Ainsworth, M. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
3. Anisfeld, A., Casper, V., Nozyce, M., & Cunningham, N. (1990). Does infant carrying promote attachment? An experimental study of the effects of increased physical contact on the development of attachment. Child Development, 61, 1617-1627.
4. Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2003). Less is more: Meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 195-215.
5. Berlin, L. J., Ziv, Y., Amaya-Jackson, L., & Greenberg, M. T. (Eds.). (2005). Enhancing early attachments: Theory, research, intervention, and policy. New York: Guilford Press.
6. Bowlby, J. (1969/1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
7. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation. New York: Basic Books.
8. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss. New York: Basic Books.
9. Bretherton, I., & Munholland, K. A. (1999). Internal working models in attachment relationships: A construct revisited. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 89-111). New York: Guilford Press.
10. Britner, P. A., Marvin, R. S., & Pianta, R. C. (2005). Development and preliminary validation of the caregiving behavior system: Association with child attachment classification in the preschool Strange Situation. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 83-102.
11. Carlson, E. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1995). Contribution of attachment theory to developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 1. Theory and methods (pp. 581-617). New York: Wiley.
12. Cassidy, J., & Marvin, R. S. (1992). Attachment organization in preschool children: Procedures and coding manual. Unpublished manual, University of Virginia.
13. Cline, F. (1992). Hope for high risk and rage-filled children. Evergreen, CO: EC Publications.
14. Cohen, N. J., Lojkasek, M., Muir, E., Muir, R., & Parker, C. J. (2002). Six-month follow-up of two mother-infant psychotherapies: Convergence of therapeutic outcomes. Infant Mental Health Journal, 4, 361-380.
15. Cooper, G., Hoffman, K., Powell, B., & Marvin, R. (2005). The Circle of Security intervention: Differential diagnosis and differential treatment. In L. J. Berlin, Y. Ziv, L. M. Amaya-Jackson, & M. T. Greenberg (Eds.), Enhancing early attachments: Theory, research, intervention, and policy (pp. 127-151). New York: Guilford Press.
16. Egeland, B., Weinfield, N. S., Bosquet, M., & Cheng, V. K. (2000). Remembering, repeating, and working through: Lessons from attachment-based interventions. In J. Osofsky & H. E. Fitzgerald (Eds.), WAIMH handbook of infant mental health: Vol. 4. Infant mental health in groups at high risk (pp. 35-89). New York: Wiley.
17. Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and development of the self. New York: Other Press.
18. Fonagy, P., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1991). Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict the organization of infant-mother attachment at one year of age. Child Development, 62, 891-905.
19. George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). The Adult Attachment Interview. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Berkeley.
20. Greenberg, M. T. (1999). Attachment and psychopathology in childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 469-496). New York: Guilford Press.
21. Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2005). The importance of parenting in the development of disorganized attachment: Evidence from a preventive intervention study in adoptive families. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 263-274.
22. Kobak, R., Cassidy, J., Lyons-Ruth, K., & Ziv, Y. (2006). Attachment and developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology (2nd ed.; pp. 333-369). New York: Wiley.
23. Levy, T. M. (2000). Handbook of attachment interventions. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
24. Lieberman, A. F., Weston, D. R., & Pawl, J. H. (1991). Preventive intervention and outcome with anxiously attached dyads. Child Development, 62, 199-209.
25. Lieberman, A. F., & Zeanah, C. H. (1999). Contributions of attachment theory to infant-parent psychotherapy and other interventions with infants and young children. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical application (pp. 555-574). New York: Guilford Press.
26. Lyons-Ruth, K., Connell, D. B., & Grunebaum, H. U. (1990). Infants at social risk: Maternal depression and family support services as mediators of infant development and security of attachment. Child Development, 61, 85-98.
27. Lyons-Ruth, K., & Jacobvitz, D. (1999). Attachment disorganization: Unresolved loss, relational violence, and lapses in behavioral and attentional strategies. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 520-554). New York: Guilford Press.
28. Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/ disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 121-160). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
29. Marvin, R. S., & Britner, P. A. (1995). A classification system for parental caregiving behavior patterns in the preschool Strange Situation. Unpublished classification manual, University of Virginia.
30. Marvin, R. S., Cooper, G., Hoffman, K., & Powell, B. (2002). The Circle of Security project: Attachment-based intervention with caregiver-preschool child dyads. Attachment & Human Development, 4, 107-124.
31. McDonough, S. C. (2004). Interaction guidance: Promoting and nurturing the caregiving relationship. In A. J. Sameroff, S. C. McDonough, & K. L. Rosenblum (Eds.), Treating parent-infant relationship problems: Strategies for intervention (pp. 79-96). New York: Guilford Press.
32. Moss, E., Cyr, C., Bureau, J.-F., Tarabulsy, G. M., & Dubois-Comtois, K. (2005). Stability of attachment during the preschool period. Developmental Psychology, 41, 773-783.
33. O'Connor, T. G., & Zeanah, C. H. (2003). Attachment disorders: Assessment strategies and treatment approaches. Attachment & Human Development, 5, 223-244.
34. Ott, R. L., Larson, R., Rexroat, C., & Mendenhall, W. (1992). Statistics: A tool for the social sciences (5th ed). Boston: Wadsworth.
35. Powell, B., Cooper, G., Hoffman, K., & Marvin, R. (in press). The Circle of Security project: A case study. In D. Oppenheim & D. Goldsmith (Eds.), Clinical application of attachment theory: Bridging the gap between theory, research, and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
36. Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person: The Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation from birth to adulthood. New York: Guilford Press.
37. Thomas, N. L. (1997). When love is not enough: A guide to parenting children with RAD - Reactive attachment disorder. Glenwood Spring, CO: Families by Design.
38. Thompson, R. A. (1999). Early attachment and later development. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 265-286). New York: Guilford Press.
39. Thompson, R. A. (2001). Development in the first years of life. Future of Children, 11, 21-33.
40. van den Boom, D. C. (1988). Neonatal irritability and the development of attachment: Observation and intervention. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
41. van den Boom, D. C. (1994). The influence of temperament and mothering on attachment and exploration: An experimental manipulation of sensitive responsiveness among lower-class mothers with irritable infants. Child Development, 65, 1457-1477.
42. van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Juffer, F. (2005). Why less is more: From the dodo bird verdict to evidence-based interventions on sensitivity and early attachments. In L. J. Berlin, Y. Ziv, L. M. Amaya-Jackson, & M. T. Greenberg (Eds.), Enhancing early attachments: Theory, research, intervention, and policy (pp. 297-312). New York: Guilford Press.
43. van IJzendoorn, M. H., Juffer, F., & Duyvesteyn, M. G. C. (1995). Breaking the intergenerational cycle of insecure attachment: A review of the effects of attachment-based interventions on maternal sensitivity and infant security. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 225-248.
44. van IJzendoorn, M. H., Schuengel, C., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (1999). Disorganized attachment in early childhood: Meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants, and sequelae. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 225-249.
45. Weinfield, N. S., Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., & Carlson, E. A. (1999). The nature of individual differences in infant- caregiver attachment. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 68-88). New York: Guilford Press.
46. Weinfield, N. S., Whaley, G. J. L., & Egeland, B. (2004). Continuity, discontinuity, and coherence in attachment from infancy to late adolescence: Sequelae of organization and disorganization. Attachment & Human Development, 6, 73-97.
47. Zeanah, C. H. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of infant mental health (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.