The tsunami of 13 December A.D. 115 and the destruction of Herod the Great's harbor at Caesarea Maritima, Israel

Geology

Volumn 34, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 1061-1064

  Reinhardt, Eduard G ^a   Goodman, Beverly N ^a   Boyce, Joe I ^a   Lopez, Gloria ^a   Van Hengstum, Peter ^a   Rink, W Jack ^a   Mart, Yossi ^b   Raban, Avner ^b  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

Author keywords

Caesarea; Geoarchaeology; Israel; Marine archaeology; Shell taphonomy; Tsunami

Indexed keywords

CAESAREA; ISRAEL; MARINE ARCHAEOLOGY; UNDERWATER GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS;

DISASTERS; EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; LUMINESCENCE; OCEANOGRAPHY;

TSUNAMIS;

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; EARTHQUAKE; TAPHONOMY; TSUNAMI;

ASIA; EURASIA; ISRAEL; MIDDLE EAST;

CYPRIA; GLYCYMERIS;

EID: 33845575780     PISSN: 00917613     EISSN: 00917613     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/G22780A.1     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Aitken, M.J., 1998, An Introduction to optical dating: The dating of Quaternary sediments by the use of photon-stimulated luminescence: Oxford, Oxford University Press, 267 p.
2. Allen, J.R.L., 1984, Experiments on the settling, overturning and entrainment of bivalve shells and related models: Sedimentology, v. 31, p. 227-250, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tbOl961.x.
3. Ambraseys, N.N., and Jackson, J.A., 1998, Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean region: Geophysical Journal International, v. 133, p. 390-406, doi: 10. 1046/j. 1365-246X. 1998.00508.x.
4. Amiran, C.H.K., Arieh, E., and Turcotte, T, 1994, Earthquakes in Israel and adjacent areas: Macroseismic observations since 100 B.C.E.: Israel Exploration Journal, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 260-305.
5. Atwater, B.F, 1992, Geologic evidence for earthquakes during the past 2000 years along the Copalis River, southern coastal Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 1901-1919.
6. Barash, A., and Danin, Z., 1992, Annotated list of Mediterranean molluscs of Israel and Sinai: Jerusalem, The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 405 p.
7. Ben-Avraham, Z., Limonov, A.E, Lybov, M.B., Ivanov, M.K., Tokarev, M.Yu., and Woodside, J.M., 1995, Structure and tectonics of the eastern Cyprean Arc: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 263-271.
8. Boyce, J.I., Reinhardt, E.G.A., Raban, A., and Pozza, M.R., 2004, Marine magnetic survey of a submerged Roman harbour, Caesarea Maritima, Israel: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, vol. 33. 1 p 122-136, doi: 10.1111/j.1095-9270.2004.00010.x.
9. Brett, C.E., 2003, Taphonomy: Sedimentological implications of fossil preservation, in Middleton, GX, et al., eds., Encyclopedia of sediments and sedimentary rocks: Dordrecht, Springer, p.723-729.
10. Carey, S., Morelli, C., Sigurdsson, H., and Bronto, S., 2001, Tsunami deposits from major explosive eruptions: An example from the 1883 eruption of Krakatau: Geology, v. 29, p. 347-350, doi: 10.1130/ 0091-7613(2001)029<0347:TDFMEE>2.0.CO;2.
11. Dawson, A.G., Smith, C.E., and Long, C., 1990, Evidence for a tsunami from a Mesolithic site in Inverness, Scotland: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 17, p. 509-512, doi: 10.1016/0305-4403(90)90031-Y.
12. Fujiwara, O., Masuda, E, Sakai, T, Irizuki, T, and Fuse, K., 2000, Tsunami deposits in Holocene bay mud in southern Kanto region, Pacific coast of central Japan: Sedimentary Geology, v. 135, p. 219-230, doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00073-7.
13. Goff, J., Chague-Goff, C., and Nichol, S., 2001, Paleotsunami deposits: A New Zealand perspective: Sedimentary Geology, v. 143, p. 1-6, doi: 10.10J6/S0037-0738(01)00121-X.
14. Hohlfelder, R.L., 2000, Anastasius I, mud, and foraminifera: Conflicting views of Caesarea Maritima's harbor in late antiquity: Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, v. 317, p. 41-62.
15. Holum, K.G., Hohlfelder, R.L., Bull, R.J., and Raban, A., 1988, King Herod's dream: Caesarea on the sea: New York, London, W.W. Nortan & Company, 244 p.
16. Hughen, K.A., Baillie, M.G.L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, JW., Bertrand, C., Blackwell, PG., Buck, C.E., Burr, G., Cutler, K.B., Damon, PE., Edwards, R.L., Fairbanks, R.L., Friedrich, R.G., Guilderson, M., Kromer, T.P., McCormac, B., Manning, EG., Bronk, S., Ramsey, C., Reimer, PJ., Reimer, R.W., Remmele, S., Southon, J.R., Stuiver, M., Talamo, S., Taylor, EW, van der Plicht, J., and Weyhenmeyer, C.E., 2004, Marine04 Marine radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 kyr B.P: Radiocarbon, v. 46, p. 1059-1086.
17. Karcz, L, 2004, Implications of some early Jewish sources for estimates of earthquake hazard in the Holy Land: Annals of Geophysics, v. 47, no. 2/3, p. 759-792.
18. Marriner, N., Morhange, C., Doumet-Serhal, C., and Carbonet, P, 2006, Geoscience rediscovers Phoenicia's buried harbors: Geology, v. 34, p. 1-4, doi: 10.1130/G21875.1.
19. Mart, Y., and Perecman, I., 1996, Caesarea: Unique evidence for faulting Patterns and sea level fluctuations in the late Holocene, in Raban, A. and Holum, K.G., eds., Caesarea Maritima: A Retrospective after Two Millennia, Leiden, E.J. Brill, p. 3-24.
20. Minoura, K., and Nakaya, S., 1991, Traces of tsunamis preserved in intertidal lacustrine and marsh deposits: Some examples from Northeast Japan: The Journal of Geology, v. 99, p. 265-287.
21. Murray, A.S., and Wintle, A.G., 2000, Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot fegenerative-dose procedure: Radiation Measurements, v. 32, p. 57-73, doi: 10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00253-X.
22. Neev, C., Bakler, N., Moshkovitz, S., Kaufman, A., Magritz, M.. and Gofna, R., 1973, The Mediterranean coastline of Israel-A fault line of recent activity: Nature, v. 245, p. 254-256, doi: 10.1038/245254a0.
23. Pratt, B.R., 2002, Storms vs tsunamis: Dynamic interplay of sedimentary, diagenetic, and tectonic processes in the Cambrian of Montana: Geology, v. 30, p. 423-426, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0423:SVTDIO> 2.0.CO;2.
24. Raban, A., 1992, Sebastos: The royal harbour at Caesarea Maritima-A short-lived giant: International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, v. 21, p. 111-124.
25. Raban, A., 1999, The lead ingots from the wreck site (area K8), in Holum, K.G., et al., eds., Caesarea Papers 2: Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary Series No. 35, p. 179-188.
26. Raban, A., 2004, The underwater excavations at Caesarea Maritima, 2003: Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies Newsletter, v. 30, p. 14-17.
27. Raban, A., Reinhardt, E.G., McGrath, M., and Hodge, N., 1999, The underwater excavations, 1993-94, in Holum, K.G., et al., eds., Caesarea Papers 2: Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary Series, No. 35, p. 52-168.
28. Reimer, RJ., and McCormac, EG., 2002, Marine radiocarbon reservoir corrections for the Mediterranean and Aegean seas: Radiocarbon, v. 44, no. 1, p. 159-166.
29. Reinhardt, E.G., 1999, Stratigraphic excavation of the outer harbor deposits: Preliminary report (1994), in Holum, K.G., et al., eds., Caesarea Papers 2: Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplementary Series No. 35, p. 189-197.
30. Reinhardt, E.G., and Raban, A., 1999, Destruction of Herod the Great's harbour at Caesarea Maritima, Israel-Geoarchaeological evidence: Geology, v. 27, p. 811-814, doi: 10.1130/ 0091-7613(1999)027<0811:DOHTGS>2.3. CO;2.
31. Rink, W.J., and Forrest, B., 2005, Dating evidence for the accretion history of beach ridges on Cape Canaveral and Merritt Island, Florida, U.S.A: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 1000-1008, doi: 10.2112/030058.1.
32. Rink, W.J., and Odom, A.L., 1991, Natural alpha recoil particle radiation and ionizing radiation sensitivities in quartz detected with EPR: Implications for geochronometry: International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation, Part D, Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, v. 18, no. 1-2, p. 163-173, doi: 10.1016/ 1359-0189(91)90108-T
33. Shalem, N., 1956, Seismic tidal waves in the Eastern Mediterranean: Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society, v. 20, p. 159-170.
34. 14C database and revised CALIB radiocarbon calibration program: Radiocarbon, v. 35, p. 215-230.
35. Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J., Bard, E., Beck, JW, Burr, G.S., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., McCormac, F.G., v.d.Plicht, J., and Spurk, M., 1998, INTCAL98 Radiocarbon age calibration 24,000-0 cal B.P.: Radiocarbon, v. 40, p. 1041-1083.
36. van den Bergh, G.C., Boer, W., de Haas, H., van Weering, Tj.C.E., and van Wijhe, R., 2003, Shallow marine tsunami deposits in Teluk Betuten (NW Java, Indonesia), generated by the 1883 Krakatau eruption: Marine Geology, v. 197, p. 13-34.
37. Whiston, W. (translator), 1999, The new complete works of Josephus Flavius: Grand Rapids, Michigan, Kregel Publications, 1144 p.