The Annan Plan: State succession or continuity

Middle Eastern Studies

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 125-141

  Sözen, Ahmet ^a   Özersay, Kudret ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PEACE PROCESS; POLITICAL CONFLICT; STATE;

ASIA; CYPRUS; EURASIA; MIDDLE EAST;

EID: 33845526184     PISSN: 00263206     EISSN: 17437881     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00263200601079773     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. These eight issues originated from A. Sözen, 'Cyprus Conflict: Continuing Challenge and Prospects for Resolution in the Post-Cold War Era' (PhD Dissertation, University of Missouri Library, 1999), pp.100-41.
2. See generally the provisions of the Greek Cypriot Proposal entitled 'Outline Proposals for the Establishment of a Federal Republic and for the Solution of the Cyprus Problem' and submitted to Mr Denktash on 30 January 1989. This document has continuously been a.rmed by the Greek Cypriot National Council. For the full text see http://www.ctpkibris.org/ belgeler/greekcpriotproposals1989.htm
3. Report of the UN Secretary General to the Security Council, 1 April 2003, S/2003/398, at para. 18, (hereafter UN Report April 2003).
4. Emphasis added.
5. Cyprus Mail, 23 April 2004.
6. See http://kypros.org/un/resolut.htm
7. See A.J. Jacovides, Treaties Con.icting With Peremptory Norms of International Law and the Zurich-London 'Agreements' (Nicosia: Government Printing Office, 1966).
8. The TV speech of Mr Papadopoulos on 7 April 2004 is available at http://www.hri.org/news/cyprus/cna/2004/04-04-08.cna.htm/#01
9. Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties, 23 Aug. 1978, UN Doc. A/ CONF.80/31 (1978) (hereafter Succession Convention on Treaties);
10. Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of State Property, Archives and Debts, 8 April 1983, UN Doc. A/CONF.117/14 (1983).
11. 'Generally, a state succession takes place when a former state becomes extinct, in whole or in part, and a new state replaces it', C.T. Ebenroth and M.J. Kemner, 'The Enduring Political Nature of Questions of State Succession and Secession and the Quest for Objective Standards', University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law, Vol.17 (Fall 1996), p.756.
12. D. Papenfuss, 'The Fate of the International Treaties of the GDR Within the Framework of German Unification', American Journal of International Law, Vol.92 (July 1998), p.471.
13. R. Young, 'Syria: Old or New?', American Journal of International Law, Vol.56 (1962), pp.482-4.
14. Like the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund, see D.O. Lloyd, 'Succession, Secession and State Membership in the United Nations', New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol.26 (Summer 1994), pp.763-4.
15. M.P. Scharf, 'Musical Chairs: The Dissolution of States and Membership in the United Nations', Cornell International Law Journal, Vol.28 (1995), p.39.
16. Lloyd, 'Succession', p.776.
17. 'Despite the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, the international community recognized that Russia and the USSR essentially had the same legal personality', Lloyd, 'Succession', p.778.
18. Ibid., p.780.
19. See Final version of the Annan Plan, Foundation Agreement, Art. 13/3. Also see 'Coming into Being of the New State of Affairs', Annex IX, Art. 4 and 'Letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations', Annex IX, Attachment 1.
20. See 'Letter to the Secretary-General of the Council of Europe', the final version of the Annan Plan, Foundation Agreement, Annex IX, Attachment 3.
21. 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, Art. 29.
22. Papenfuss, 'The Fate of the International Treaties', p.472.
23. Ibid., p.477.
24. Ibid., pp.485-6.
25. See the Greek Cypriot objections to the TRNC treaties stressing not only their 'illegality', but also their territorial nature, UN Bridging Proposal on Treaties and Instruments, 25 March 2004.
26. Succession Convention on Treaties, Art. 31/1 and 2.
27. M.N. Shaw, International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp.877-8.
28. Papenfuss, 'The Fate of the International Treaties', pp.473-4.
29. Annex V, The Foundation Agreement, Final Version of the Annan Plan.
30. Annex V, Third Version of the Annan Plan.
31. Annex V, Final Version of the Annan Plan.
32. With Azerbaijan, Malawi, Kazakhstan and Kirghizistan.
33. For example 'the Cooperation Agreement on Civilian Aviation between Turkey and the TRNC' (19 Sept. 2002).
34. For example 'the Cooperation Agreement in the Field of Air Rescue between Turkey and the TRNC' (19 Sept. 2002)
35. and 'Agreement on Search and Rescue at Sea between Turkey and the TRNC' (1996).
36. Shaw, International Law, p.896.
37. For details of this agreement see P. Williams and J. Harris, 'State Succesion to Debts and Assests: The Modern Law and Policy', Harvard International Law Journal, Vol.42 (Summer 2001), pp.370-4.
38. For details of this agreement see ibid., pp.400-7.
39. Shaw, International Law, p.897.
40. Article 47 of the Constitution of the UCR.
41. Article 16.
42. Article 51/1 and 2 of the Constitution of the UCR.
43. Article 14 and 15 of the Constitution of the UCR.
44. Despite the fact that the EU institutions had used the title of 'Cyprus' in the process of accession since 1990, the title of the 'Republic of Cyprus' was used in the treaty of accession signed on 16 April 2003.
45. After two years of Greek Cypriot blockage of the financial assistance to Turkish Cypriots, a reduced financial aid package (regulation) was approved by the Council on 27 Feb. 2006 (Council Reg. EC No.389/2006), though without any clear procedure for implementation.
46. The EU's demand on Turkey to acknowledge the ROC was clearly manifested in the counterdeclaration which the EU issued on 21 Sept. 2005 (Council Doc. 12541/05) as a reaction to Turkey's declaration on non-recognition of the ROC which was made at the time of signature (29 July 2005) regarding Turkey's extension of the customs union to the ten new members of the EU.
47. 'If the Greek Cypriots are ready to share power and prosperity with the Turkish Cypriots in a federal structure based on political equality, this needs to be demonstrated, not just by word, but by action.' See Report of the UN Secretary-General to the Security Council, 28 May 2004, S/2004/437, at para. 86.