Joint Intracapsular Disorders: Diagnostic and Nonsurgical Management Considerations

Dental Clinics of North America

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 85-103

  Okeson, Jeffrey P ^a  

^a Orofacial Pain Program   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DENTAL EQUIPMENT; DISLOCATION; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; JOINT CAPSULE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDER;

DISLOCATIONS; HUMANS; JOINT CAPSULE; OCCLUSAL SPLINTS; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS;

EID: 33845506434     PISSN: 00118532     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2006.09.009     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Okeson J. Orofacial pain: guidelines for classification, assessment, and management. 3rd edition (1996), Quintessence, Chicago
2. Okeson J.P. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. 5th edition (2003), Mosby Year Book, St. Louis (MO)
3. Okeson J.P. Bell's orofacial pains. 6th edition (2005), Quintessence Publishing Co., Inc., Chicago, IL
4. McNamara J.A. The independent functions of the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle in the human temporomandibular joint. Am J Anat 138 (1973) 197-205
5. Mahan P.E., Wilkinson T.M., Gibbs C.H., et al. Superior and inferior bellies of the lateral pterygoid muscle EMG activity at basic jaw positions. J Prosthet Dent 50 (1983) 710-718
6. Harkins S.J., and Marteney J.L. Extrinsic trauma: a significant precipitating factor in temporomandibular dysfunction. J Prosthet Dent 54 (1985) 271-272
7. Moloney F., and Howard J.A. Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: III. Anterior repositioning splint therapy. Aust Dent J 31 (1986) 30-39
8. Weinberg S., and Lapointe H. Cervical extension-flexion injury (whiplash) and internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 45 (1987) 653-656
9. Pullinger A.G., and Seligman D.A. Trauma history in diagnostic groups of temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 71 (1991) 529-534
10. Westling L., Carlsson G.E., and Helkimo M. Background factors in craniomandibular disorders with special reference to general joint hypermobility, parafunction, and trauma. J Craniomandib Disord 4 (1990) 89-98
11. Pullinger A.G., and Seligman D.A. Association of TMJ subgroups with general trauma and MVA. J Dent Res 67 (1988) 403
12. Pullinger A.G., and Monteriro A.A. History factors associated with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil 15 (1988) 117
13. Skolnick J., Iranpour B., Westesson P.L., et al. Prepubertal trauma and mandibular asymmetry in orthognathic surgery and orthodontic paients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 105 (1994) 73-77
14. Braun B.L., DiGiovanna A., Schiffman E., et al. A cross-sectional study of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in post-cervical trauma patients. Journal of Craniomandibular Disorders Facial Oral Pain 6 (1992) 24-31
15. Burgess J. Symptom characteristics in TMD patients reporting blunt trauma and/or whiplash injury. J Craniomandib Disord 5 (1991) 251-257
16. De Boever J.A., and Keersmaekers K. Trauma in patients with temporomandibular disorders: frequency and treatment outcome. J Oral Rehabil 23 (1996) 91-96
17. Yun P.Y., and Kim Y.K. The role of facial trauma as a possible etiologic factor in temporomandibular joint disorder. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63 (2005) 1576-1583
18. Gazit E., Lieberman M., Eini R., et al. Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in 10-18 year old Israeli schoolchildren. J Oral Rehabil 11 (1984) 307-317
19. Osterberg T., and Carlsson G.E. Symptoms and signs of mandibular dysfunction in 70-year-old men and women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 7 (1979) 315-321
20. Solberg W.K., Woo M.W., and Houston J.B. Prevalence of mandibular dysfunction in young adults. J Am Dent Assoc 98 (1979) 25-34
21. Swanljung O., and Rantanen T. Functional disorders of the masticatory system in southwest Finland. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 7 (1979) 177-182
22. Vincent S.D., and Lilly G.E. Incidence and characterization of temporomandibular joint sounds in adults. J Am Dent Assoc 116 (1988) 203-206
23. Heikinheimo K., Salmi K., Myllarniemi S., et al. Symptoms of craniomandibular disorder in a sample of Finnish adolescents at the ages of 12 and 15 years. Eur J Orthod 11 (1989) 325-331
24. Tallents R.H., Katzberg R.W., Murphy W., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in asymptomatic volunteers and symptomatic patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Prosthet Dent 75 (1996) 529-533
25. Dibbets J.M., and van der Weele L.T. Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and craniofacial form. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 110 (1996) 73-78
26. Spruijt R.J., and Wabeke K.B. An extended replication study of dental factors associated with temporomandibular joint sounds. J Prosthet Dent 75 (1996) 388-392
27. Sato S., Goto S., Nasu F., et al. Natural course of disc displacement with reduction of the temporomandibular joint: changes in clinical signs and symptoms. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61 (2003) 32-34
28. Magnusson T., Egermark I., and Carlsson G.E. A longitudinal epidemiologic study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders from 15 to 35 years of age. J Orofac Pain 14 (2000) 310-319
29. Magnusson T., Egermarki I., and Carlsson G.E. A prospective investigation over two decades on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and associated variables: a final summary. Acta Odontol Scand 63 (2005) 99-109
30. Farrar W.B. Differentiation of temporomandibular joint dysfunction to simplify treatment. J Prosthet Dent 28 (1972) 629-636
31. Tallents R.H., Katzberg R.W., Miller T.L., et al. Arthrographically assisted splint therapy: painful clicking with a nonreducing meniscus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 61 (1986) 2-4
32. Raustia A.M., and Pyhtinen J. Direct sagittal computed tomography as a diagnostic aid in the treatment of an anteriorly displaced temporomandibular joint disk by splint therapy. Cranio 5 (1987) 240-245
33. Anderson G.C., Schulte J.K., and Goodkind R.J. Comparative study of two treatment methods for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. J Prosthet Dent 53 (1985) 392-397
34. Lundh H., Westesson P.L., Kopp S., and Tillstrom B. Anterior repositioning splint in the treatment of temporomandibular joints with reciprocal clicking: comparison with a flat occlusal splint and an untreated control group. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 60 (1985) 131-136
35. Summer J.D., and Westesson P.L. Mandibular repositioning can be effective in treatment of reducing TMJ disk displacement: a long-term clinical and MR imaging follow-up. Cranio 15 (1997) 107-120
36. Simmons III H.C., and Gibbs S.J. Anterior repositioning appliance therapy for TMJ disorders: specific symptoms relieved and relationship to disk status on MRI. Cranio 23 (2005) 89-99
37. Joondeph D.R. Long-term stability of mandibular orthopedic repositioning. Angle Orthod 69 (1999) 201-209
38. Okeson J.P. Long-term treatment of disk-interference disorders of the temporomandibular joint with anterior repositioning occlusal splints. J Prosthet Dent 60 (1988) 611-616
39. Lundh H., Westesson P.L., Jisander S., et al. Disk-repositioning onlays in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disk displacement: comparison with a flat occlusal splint and with no treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 66 (1988) 155-162
40. Simmons III H.C., and Gibbs S.J. Recapture of temporomandibular joint disks using anterior repositioning appliances: an MRI study. Cranio 13 (1995) 227-237
41. Davies S.J., and Gray R.J. The pattern of splint usage in the management of two common temporomandibular disorders. Part I: the anterior repositioning splint in the treatment of disc displacement with reduction. Br Dent J 183 (1997) 199-203
42. Williamson E.H., and Rosenzweig B.J. The treatment of temporomandibular disorders through repositioning splint therapy: a follow-up study. Cranio 16 (1998) 222-225
43. Tecco S., Festa F., Salini V., et al. Treatment of joint pain and joint noises associated with a recent TMJ internal derangement: a comparison of an anterior repositioning splint, a full-arch maxillary stabilization splint, and an untreated control group. Cranio 22 (2004) 209-219
44. Lundh H., Westesson P.L., and Kopp S. A three-year follow-up of patients with reciprocal temporomandibular joint clicking. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 63 (1987) 530-533 [see comments]
45. Solberg W.K. The temporomandibular joint in young adults at autopsy: a morphologic classification and evaluation. J Oral Rehabil 12 (1985) 303
46. Akerman S., Kopp S., and Rohlin M. Histological changes in temporomandibular joints from elderly individuals: an autopsy study. Acta Odontol Scand 44 (1986) 231-239
47. Isberg A., Isacsson G., Johansson A.S., et al. Hyperplastic soft-tissue formation in the temporomandibular joint associated with internal derangement: a radiographic and histologic study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 61 (1986) 32-38
48. Hall M.B., Brown R.W., and Baughman R.A. Histologic appearance of the bilaminar zone in internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 58 (1984) 375-381
49. Scapino R.P. Histopathology associated with malposition of the human temporomandibular joint disc. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 55 (1983) 382-397
50. Solberg W.K., Bibb C.A., Nordstrom B.B., et al. Malocclusion associated with temporomandibular joint changes in young adults at autopsy. Am J Orthod 89 (1986) 326-330
51. Salo L., Raustia A., Pernu H., et al. Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: a histochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 49 (1991) 171-176
52. Blaustein D.I., and Scapino R.P. Remodeling of the temporomandibular joint disk and posterior attachment in disk displacement specimens in relation to glycosaminoglycan content. Plast Reconstr Surg 78 (1986) 756-764
53. Pereira Jr. F.J., Lundh H., Westesson P.L., et al. Clinical findings related to morphologic changes in TMJ autopsy specimens. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 78 (1994) 288-295
54. Pereira Jr. F.J., Lundh H., and Westesson P.L. Morphologic changes in the temporomandibular joint in different age groups: an autopsy investigation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 78 (1994) 279-287
55. Pereira F.J., Lundh H., Eriksson L., et al. Microscopic changes in the retrodiscal tissues of painful temporomandibular joints. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 54 (1996) 461-468
56. Pereira J.F.J., Lundh H., and Westesson P.L. Age-related changes of the retrodiscal tissues in the temporomandibular joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 54 (1996) 55-61
57. Kirk Jr. W.S. Magnetic resonance imaging and tomographic evaluation of occlusal appliance treatment for advanced internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 49 (1991) 9-12
58. Choi B.H., Yoo J.H., and Lee W.Y. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging before and after nonsurgical treatment of closed lock. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 78 (1994) 301-305
59. Chen C.W., Boulton J.L., and Gage J.P. Effects of splint therapy in TMJ dysfunction: a study using magnetic resonance imaging. Aust Dent J 40 (1995) 71-78
60. Tallents R.H., Katzberg R., Macher D.J., et al. Use of protrusive splint therapy in anterior disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint: a 1 to 3 year followup. J Prosthet Dent 63 (1990) 336-341
61. Lundh H., and Westesson P.L. Long-term follow-up after occlusal treatment to correct abnormal temporomandibular joint disk position. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 67 (1989) 2-10
62. Lundh H., Westesson P.L., Eriksson L., et al. Temporomandibular joint disk displacement without reduction: treatment with flat occlusal splint versus no treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 73 (1992) 655-658
63. Vichaichalermvong S., Nilner M., Panmekiate S., et al. Clinical follow-up of patients with different disc positions. J Orofac Pain 7 (1993) 61-67
64. Chung S.C., and Kim H.S. The effect of the stabilization split on the TMJ closed lock. J Craniomandibular Pract 11 (1993) 95-101
65. Tasaki M.M., Westesson P.L., Isberg A.M., et al. Classification and prevalence of temporomandibular joint disk displacement in patients and symptom-free volunteers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 109 (1996) 249-262
66. Kai S., Kai H., Tabata O., Shiratsuchi Y., et al. Long-term outcomes of nonsurgical treatment in nonreducing anteriorly displaced disk of the temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 85 (1998) 258-267
67. Kurita K., Westesson P.L., Yuasa H., et al. Natural course of untreated symptomatic temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction. J Dent Res 77 (1998) 361-365
68. Sato S., Takahashi K., Kawamura H., et al. The natural course of nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint: changes in condylar mobility and radiographic alterations at one-year follow up. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27 (1998) 173-177
69. Sato S., Goto S., Kawamura H., et al. The natural course of nonreducing disc displacement of the TMJ: relationship of clinical findings at initial visit to outcome after 12 months without treatment. J Orofac Pain 11 (1997) 315-320
70. Sato S., Kawamura H., Nagasaka H., et al. The natural course of anterior disc displacement without reduction in the temporomandibular joint: follow-up at 6, 12, and 18 months. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 55 (1997) 234-238 [discussion: 238-239]
71. Sato S., and Kawamura H. Natural course of non-reducing disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint: changes in electromyographic activity during chewing movement. J Oral Rehabil 32 (2005) 159-165
72. Minakuchi H., Kuboki T., Maekawa K., et al. Self-reported remission, difficulty, and satisfaction with nonsurgical therapy used to treat anterior disc displacement without reduction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 98 (2004) 435-440
73. Imirzalioglu P., Biler N., and Agildere A.M. Clinical and radiological follow-up results of patients with untreated TMJ closed lock. J Oral Rehabil 32 (2005) 326-331
74. Schmitter M., Zahran M., Duc J.M., et al. Conservative therapy in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction using 2 common splints: a randomized clinical trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63 (2005) 1295-1303
75. Nicolakis P., Erdogmus B., Kopf A., et al. Effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. J Oral Rehabil 28 (2001) 1158-1164
76. Cleland J., and Palmer J. Effectiveness of manual physical therapy, therapeutic exercise, and patient education on bilateral disc displacement without reduction of the temporomandibular joint: a single-case design. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 34 (2004) 535-548