The influence of collection site and methods on postmortem morphine concentrations in a porcine model

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

Volumn 30, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 651-658

  Crandall, Cameron S ^a   Kerrigan, Sarah ^b,c   Aguero, Roberto L ^a   LaValley, Jonathon ^a   McKinney, Patrick E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

^b NEW MEXICO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH   (United States)

^c SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MORPHINE; OPIATE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; BLOOD LEVEL; BODY WEIGHT; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMORAL ARTERY FLOW; FEMORAL VEIN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MORPHINE ADDICTION; NONHUMAN; SWINE; VITREOUS BODY;

ANIMALIA; SUIDAE; SUS SCROFA;

EID: 33845506403     PISSN: 01464760     EISSN: 01464760     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jat/30.9.651     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) data http://dawninfo.samhsa.gov/.
2. E.J. Cone, R.V. Fant, J.M. Rohay, Y.H. Caplan, M. Ballina, R.F. Reder, D. Spyker, and J.D. Haddox. Oxycodone involvement in drug abuse deaths: a DAWN-based classification scheme applied to an oxycodone postmortem database containing over 1000 cases. J. Anal. Toxicol. 27: 57-67 (2003).
3. L.A. Fingerhut and C.S. Cox. Poisoning mortality 1985-1995. Public Health Rep. 113: 219-235 (1998).
4. J. Neeleman and M. Farrell. Fatal methadone and heroin overdoses: time trends in England and Wales. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 51: 435-437 (1997).
5. W. Hall and S. Darke. Trends in opiate overdose in Australia 1979-1995. Drug Alcohol Depend. 52: 71-77 (1998).
6. T.L. Litovitz, W. Klein-Schwartz, S. White, D.J. Cobaugh, J. Youniss, A. Drab, and B.E. Benson. 1999 Annual report of the American association of poison control centers toxic exposure surveillance system. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 18: 517-574 (2000).
7. C.M. Bernards, D.D. Shen, E.S. Sterling, J.E. Adkins, L. Risler, B. Phillips, and W. Ummenhofer. Epidural, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma pharmacokinetics of epidural opioids (part 1): differences among opioids. Anesthesiology 99: 455-465 (2003).
8. C.M. Bernards, D.D. Shen, E.S. Sterling, J.E. Adkins, L. Risler, B. Phillips, and W. Ummenhofer. Epidural, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma pharmacokinetics of epidural opioids (part 2): differences among opioids. Anesthesiology 99: 466-475 (2003).
9. F. Moriya and Y. Hashimoto. Distribution of free and conjugated morphine in body fluids and tissues in a fatal heroin overdose: is conjugated morphine stable in postmortem specimens? J. Forensic Sci. 42: 736-740 (1996).
10. W.R. Sawyer and R.B. Forney. Postmortem disposition of morphine in rats. Forensic Sci. Int. 38: 259-273 (1988).
11. G. Koren and J. Klein. Postmortem redistribution of morphine in rats. Ther. Drug Monit. 14: 461-463 (1992).
12. G. Koren and S. MacLeod. Postmortem redistribution of digoxin in rats. J. Forensic Sci. 30: 92-96 (1985).
13. P. Dechelotte, A. Sabouraud, P. Sandouk, I. Hackbarth, and M. Schwenk. Uptake, 3-, and, 6-glucuronidation of morphine in isolated cells from the stomach, intestine, colon, and liver of the guinea pig. Drug Metab. Dispos. 21: 13-17 (1993).
14. E.J. Cone, W.D. Darwin, W.F. Buchwald, and C.W. Gorodetzky. Oxymorphone metabolism and urinary excretion in human, rat guinea pig rabbit and dog. Drug Metab. Dispos. 11: 446-450 (1983).
15. S.F. Brunk, M. Delle, and W.R. Wilson. Morphine metabolism in man: effect of aspirin. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 15: 283-290 (1973).
16. B.A. Goldberger, E.J. Cone, T.M. Grant, Y.H. Caplan, B.S. Levine, and J.E. Smialek. Disposition of heroin and its metabolites in heroin-related deaths. J. Anal. Toxicol. 18: 22-28 (1994).
17. K.M. Foley. The treatment of cancer pain. N. Engl. J. Med. 313: 84-95 (1985).
18. O.H. Drummer and J. Gerostamoulos. Postmortem drug analysis: analytical and toxicological aspects. Ther. Drug Monit. 24: 199-209 (2000).
19. A.L. Pélissier-Alicot, J.M. Gaulier, P. Champsaur, and P. Marquet. Mechanisms underlying postmortem redistribution of drugs: a review. J. Anal. Toxicol. 27: 533-544 (2003).
20. G.D. Olsen. Morphine binding to human plasma proteins. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 17: 31-35 (1975).
21. P.A. Glare and T.D. Walsh. Clinical pharmacokinetics of morphine. Ther. Drug Monit. 13: 1-23 (1991).
22. P.A. Glare, T.D. Walsh, and C.E. Pippenger. A simple, rapid method for the simultaneous determination of morphine and its principal metabolites in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection. Ther. Drug Monit. 13: 226-232 (1991).
23. J.H. Jaffe and W.R. Martin. Opioid analgesics and antagonists. In The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed., A.G. Gilman, T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies, and P. Taylor, Eds. Pergamon Press, New York, NY, 1990, pp 485-521.
24. H.J. Rothkotter, E. Sowa, and R. Pabst. The pig as a model of developmental immunology. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 21: 533-536 (2002).
25. K. Tunblad, P. Ederoth, A. Gardenfors, M. Hammarlund-Udenaes, and C.H. Nordstrom. Altered brain exposure of morphine in experimental meningitis studied with microdialysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 48: 294-301 (2004).
26. M.F. Shepard, K.D. Lake, and M.A. Kamps. Postmortem changes and pharmacokinetics: review of the literature and case report. Ann. Pharmacother. 26: 510-514 (1992).
27. D.S. Cook, R.A. Braithwaite, and K.A. Hale. Estimating antemortem drug concentrations from postmortem blood samples: the influence of postmortem redistribution. J. Clin. Pathol. 53: 282-285 (2000).
28. B.K. Logan and D. Smirnow. Postmortem distribution and redistribution of morphine in man. J. Forensic Sci. 41: 37-46 (1996).
29. G. Koren, D. Beatie, S. Soldin, T.R. Einerson, and S. MacLeod. Interpretation of elevated postmortem serum concentrations of digoxin in infants and children. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 113: 758-761 (1989).
30. M. Dalpe-Scott, M. Degouffe, D. Garbutt, and M. Drost. A comparison of drug concentrations post mortem cardiac and peripheral blood in 320 cases. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 28: 113-121 (1995).
31. H.F. Gomez, P. McKinney, S. Phillips, D.V. Roberts, J. Brent, and W.A. Watson. Postmortem acetaminophen pharmacokinetics: an experimental study of site and time-dependent concentration changes. J. Forensic Sci. 40: 980-982 (1995).
32. J. Gerostamoulos and O.H. Drummer. Postmortem redistribution of morphine and its metabolites. J. Forensic Sci. 45: 843-845 (2000).
33. G.R. Jones and D.J. Pounder. Site dependence of drug concentrations in postmortem blood - a case study. J. Anal. Toxicol. 11: 186-190 (1987).
34. D.J. Pounder and G.R. Jones. Post-mortem drug redistribution - a toxicological nightmare. Forensic Sci. Int. 45: 253-263 (1990).
35. R.W. Prouty and W.H. Anderson. Implications of site and temporal influences on postmortem blood-drug concentrations. J. Forensic Sci. 35: 243-270 (1990).
36. G. Skopp, L. Potsch, A. Klingmann, and R. Mattern. Stability of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide, and morphine-6-glucuronide in fresh blood and plasma and postmortem blood samples. J. Anal. Toxicol. 25: 2-7 (2001).
37. C. Schmidt, B. Gossage, A. Grinowski, and T. Martinez. Investigation of the postmortem redistribution of opiates. Proc. West Pharmacol. Soc. 39: 27-28 (1996).
38. F. Moriya and Y. Hashimoto. Redistribution of basic drugs into cardiac blood from surrounding tissues during early-stages postmortem. J. Forensic Sci. 44: 10-16 (1999).
39. F. Moriya and Y. Hashimoto. Criteria for judging whether postmortem blood drug concentrations can be used for toxicologic evaluation. Leg. Med. (Tokyo)2: 143-151 (2000).