Quantifying physical activity in daily life with questionnaaires and motion sensors in COPD

European Respiratory Journal

Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 1040-1055

  Pitta, F ^a,b,c   Troosters, T ^a,b   Probst, V S ^a,b   Spruit, M A ^a,b   Decramer, M ^a,b   Gosselink, Rik ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^c STATE UNIVERSITY OF LONDRINA   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Accelerometer; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Motion sensor; Physical activity; Questionnaire; Review

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ACTIMETRY; ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; CLINICAL OBSERVATION; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MONITOR; MORTALITY; PATIENT INFORMATION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; SELF EVALUATION; SELF REPORT; TASK PERFORMANCE; TEST RETEST RELIABILITY; VALIDATION STUDY; VALIDITY;

EID: 33845497133     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.06.00064105     Document Type: Review

References (181)

1. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30: 975-991.
2. Garcia-Aymerich J, Farrero E, Felez NIA, Izquierdo J, Marrades RM, Anto JM. Risk factors of readmission to hospital for a COPD exacerbation: a prospective study. Thorax 2003; 58: 100-105.
3. Yohannes AM, Baldwin RC, Connolly M. Mortality predictors in disabling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in old age. Age Ageing 2002; 31: 137-140.
4. Montoye HJ. Introduction: evaluation of some measurements of physical activity and energy expenditure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: Suppl. 9, S439-S441.
5. Restrick LJ, Paul EA, Braid GM, Cullinan P, Moore-Gillon J, Wedzicha JA. Assessment and follow up of patients prescribed long term oxygen treatment. Thorax 1993; 48: 708-713.
6. Pitta F, Troosters T, Spruit MA, Probst VS, Decramer M, Gosselink R. Characteristics of physical activities in daily life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 972-977.
7. Sandland CJ, Singh SJ, Curcio A, Jones PM, Morgan MD. A profile of daily activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2005; 25: 181-183.
8. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. NHLBI/WHO workshop report. Bethesda, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, April 2001. Update of the Management Sections. www.goldcopd.com. Date last updated: July 1, 2003. Date last accessed: July 24, 2005.
9. Folgering H, von Herwaarden C. Exercise limitations in patients with pulmonary diseases. Int J Sports Med 1994; 15: 107-111.
10. Lacasse Y, Brosseau L, Milne S, et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; 3: CDO03793.
11. Celli BR, MacNee W. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J 2004; 23: 932-946.
12. Lareau SC, Meek PM, Roos PJ. Development and testing of the modified version of the pulmonary functional status and dyspnea questionnaire (PFSDQ-M). Heart Lung 1998; 27: 159-168.
13. Lareau SC, Carrieri-Kohlman V, Janson-Bjerklie S, Roos PJ. Development and testing of the Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire (PFSDQ). Heart Lung 1994; 23: 242-250.
14. Larson JL, Kapella MC, Wirtz S, Covey MK, Berry J. Reliability and validity of the functional performance inventory in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Nurs Meas 1998; 6: 55-73.
15. Leidy NK. Psychometric properties of the functional performance inventory in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nurs Res 1999; 48: 20-28.
16. Weaver TE, Narsavage GL, Guilfoyle MJ. The development and psychometric evaluation of the Pulmonary Functional Status Scale: an instrument to assess functional status in pulmonary disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1998; 18: 105-111.
17. Garrod R, Bestall JC, Paul EA, Wedzicha JA, Jones PW. Development and validation of a standardized measure of activity of daily living in patients with severe COPD: the London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL). Respir Med 2000; 94: 589-596.
18. Garrod R, Paul EA, Wedzicha JA. An evaluation of the reliability and sensitivity of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale (LCADL). Respir Med 2002; 96: 725-730.
19. Yohannes AM, Roomi J, Winn S, Connolly MJ. The Manchester Respiratory Activities of Daily Living questionnaire: development, reliability, validity, and responsiveness to pulmonary rehabilitation. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 1496-1500.
20. Yohannes AM, Greenwood YA, Connolly MJ. Reliability of the Manchester respiratory activities of daily living questionnaire as a postal questionnaire. Age Ageing 2002; 31:355-358.
21. Yohannes AM, Roomi J, Waters K, Connolly MJ. A comparison of the Barthel index and Nottingham extended activities of daily living scale in the assessment of disability in chronic airflow limitation in old age. Age Ageing 1997; 27: 369-374.
22. Katula JA, Rejeski WJ, Wickley KL, Berry MJ. Perceived difficulty, importance, and satisfaction with physical function in COPD patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2004; 2: 18.
23. Carter R, Holiday DB, Grothues C, Nwasuruba C, Stocks J, Tiep B. Criterion validity of the Duke Activity Status Indexe for assessing functional capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2002; 22: 298-308.
24. Wigal JK, Creer TL, Kotses H. The COPD Self-Efficacy Scale. Chest 1991; 99: 1193-1196.
25. Morimoto M, Takai K, Nakajima K, Kagawa K. Development of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease activity rating scale: reliability, validity and factorial structure. Nurs Health Sci 2003; 5: 23-30.
26. Okubadejo AA, O'Shea L, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Home assessment of activities of daily living in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on longterm oxygen therapy. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 1572-1575.
27. Bendstrup KE, Ingemann JJ, Holm S, Bengtsson B. Out-patient rehabilitation improves activities of daily living, quality of life and exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir 11997, 10: 2801-2906.
28. Bestall JC, Paul EA, Garrod R, Garnham R, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1999; 54: 581-586.
29. Hodgev V, Kostianev S, Marinov B. University of Cincinnati Dyspnea Questionnaire for Evaluation of Dyspnoea during physical and speech activities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a validation analysis. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2003; 23: 269-274.
30. Wedzicha JA, Bestall JC, Garrod R, Garnham R, Paul EA, Jones PW. Randomized controlled trial of pulmonary rehabilitation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, stratified with the MRC dyspnoea scale. Eur Respir 1998; 12: 363-369,
31. Guyatt GH, Berman LB, Townsend M, Pugsley SO, Chambers LW. A measure of quality of life for clinical trials in chronic lung disease. Thorax 1987; 42: 773-778.
32. Tu SP, McDonell MB, Spertus JA, Steele BG, Fihn SD. A new self-administered questionnaire to monitor health-related quality of life in patients with COPD. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP) Investigators. Chest 1997; 112: 614-622.
33. Jones PW, Quirk FH, Baveystock CM, Littlejohns P. A self-complete measure of health status for chronic airflow limitation. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 1321-1327.
34. Enright PL, McBurnie MA, Bittner V, et al. The 6-min walk test: a quick measure of functional status in elderly adults. Chest 2003; 123: 387-398.
35. Carter R, Holiday DB, Nwasuruba C, Stocks J, Grothues C, Tiep B. 6-minute walk work for assessment of functional capacity in patients with COPD. Chest 2003; 123:1408-1415.
36. Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep 1985; 100: 126-131.
37. Steele BG, Belza B, Cain K, Warms C, Coppersmith J, Howard J. Bodies in motion: monitoring daily activity and exercise with motion sensors in people with chronic pulmonary disease. J Rehabil Res Dev 2003; 40: 45-58.
38. Mckenzie TL. Use of direct observation to assess physical activity. In: Welk GJ, ed. Physical Activity Assessments for Health-related Research. Champaign; Human Kinetics Publisher, Inc.; 2002: pp. 179-195.
39. Schutz Y, Weinsier RL, Hunter GR. Assessment of free-living physical activity in humans: an overview of currently available and proposed new measures. Obes Res 2001; 9: 368-379.
40. Tudor-Locke CE, Myers AM. Challenges and opportunities for measuring physical activity in sedentary adults. Sports Med 2001; 31: 91-100.
41. Speakman JR. The history and theory of the doubly labeled water technique. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68: Suppl. 4,932S-938S.
42. Vanhees L, Lefevre J, Philippaerts R, et al. How to assess physical activity? How to assess physical fitness? Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2005; 12: 102-114.
43. Washburn RA, Heath GW, Jackson AW. Reliability and validity issues concerning large-scale surveillance of physical activity. Res Q Exerc Sport 2000; 71: Suppl. 2, S104-S113.
44. Follick MJ, Ahern DK, Laser-Wolston N. Evaluation of a daily activity diary for chronic pain patients. Pain 1984; 19: 373-382.
45. Friedenreich CM, Courneya KS, Bryant HE. The lifetime total physical activity questionnaire: development and reliability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30: 266-274.
46. Kolbe-Alexander TL, Charlton KE, Lambert EV. Lifetime physical activity and determinants of estimated bone mineral density using calcaneal ultrasound in older South African adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2004; 8: 521-530.
47. Bonnefoy M, Normand S, Pachiaudi C, Lacour JR, Laville M, Kostka T. Simultaneous validation of ten physical activity questionnaires in older men: a doubly labeled water study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49: 28-35.
48. Sarkin JA, Nichols JF, Sallis JF, Calfas KJ. Self-report measures and scoring protocols affect prevalence estimates of meeting physical activity guidelines. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 149-156.
49. Jacobs DR Jr, Ainsworth BE, Hartman TJ, Leon AS. A simultaneous evaluation of 10 commonly used physical activity questionnaires. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25: 81-91.
50. Leenders NYJM, Sherman M, Nagaraja HN. Comparisons of four methods of estimating physical activity in adult women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1320-1326.
51. Shephard RJ. Assessment of physical activity and energy needs. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 50: 1195-1200.
52. Meek PM, Lareau SC, Anderson D. Memory for symptoms in COPD patients: how accurate are their reports? Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 474-481.
53. Incalzi RA, Gemma A, Marra C, Muzzolon R, Capparella O, Carbonin P. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An original model of cognitive decline. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 418-424.
54. Liesker JJ, Postma DS, Beukema RJ, et al. Cognitive performance in patients with COPD. Respir Med 2004; 98: 351-356.
55. Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 36: 936-942.
56. Voorrips LE, Ravelli AC, Dongelmans PC, Deurenberg P, Van Staveren WA. A physical activity questionnaire for the elderly. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991; 23: 974-979.
57. Coronell C, Orozco-Levi M, Mendez R, Ramirez-Sarmiento A, Galdiz JB, Gea J. Relevance of assessing quadriceps endurance in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 129-136.
58. Couillard A, Koechlin C, Cristol JP, Varray A, Prefaut C. Evidence of local exercise-induced systemic oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 1123-1129.
59. Saey D, Debigare R, LeBlanc P, et al. Contractile leg fatigue after cycle exercise - a factor limiting exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168: 425-430.
60. Serres I, Gautier V, Varray A, Prefaut C. Impaired skeletal muscle endurance related to physical inactivity and altered lung function in COPD patients. Chest 1998; 113: 900-905.
61. Philippaerts RM, Westerterp KR, Lefevre J. Doubly labelled water validation of three physical activity questionnaires. Int J Sports Med 1999; 20: 284-289.
62. Philippaerts RM, Westerterp KR, Lefevre J. Comparison of two questionnaires with a tri-axial accelerometer to assess physical activity patterns. Int J Sports Med 2001; 22: 34-39.
63. Walsh MC, Hunter GR, Sirikul B, Gower BA. Comparison of self-reported with objectively assessed energy expenditure in black and white women before and after weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79: 1013-1019.
64. Haas BM, Trew M, Castle PC. Effects of respiratory muscle weakness on daily living function, quality of life, activity levels, and exercise capacity in mild to moderate Parkinson's disease. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 83: 601-607.
65. Lip GY, Cader MZ, Lee F, Munir SM, Beevers DG. Ethnic differences in pre-admission levels of physical activity in patients admitted with myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 1996; 56: 169-175.
66. Pitta F, Troosters T, Spruit MA, Decramer M, Gosselink R. Activity monitoring for assessment of physical activities in daily life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86: 1979-1985.
67. Taylor HL, Jacobs DR Jr, Schucker B, Knudsen J, Leon AS, Debacker G. A questionnaire for the assessment of leisure time physical activities. J Chronic Dis 1978; 31: 741-755.
68. Garcia-Aymerich J, Felez MA, Escarrabill J, et al. Physical activity and its determinants in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 1667-1673.
69. Craig CL, Russell SJ, Cameron C. Reliability and validity of Canada's Physical Activity Monitor for assessing trends. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 1462-1467.
70. Sieminski DJ, Cowell LL, Montgomery PS, Pillai SB, Gardner AW. Physical activity monitoring in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1997; 17: 43-47.
71. Slinde F, Arvidsson D, Sjoberg A, Rossander-Hulthen L. Minnesota leisure time activity questionnaire and doubly labeled water in adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1923-1928.
72. Washburn RA, Smith KW, Jette AM, Janney CA. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): development and evaluation. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 153-162.
73. Gosker HR, Lencer NH, Franssen FM, van der Vusse GJ, Wouters EF, Schols AM. Striking similarities in systemic factors contributing to decreased exercise capacity in patients with severe chronic heart failure or COPD. Chest 2003; 123: 1416-1424.
74. Johansen KL, Painter P, Kent-Braun JA, et al. Validation of questionnaires to estimate physical activity and functioning in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 2001; 59: 1121-1127.
75. Caspersen CJ, Bloemberg BP, Saris WH, Merritt RK, Kromhout D. The prevalence of selected physical activities and their relation with coronary heart disease risk factors in elderly men: the Zutphen Study, 1985. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 1078-1092.
76. Slinde F, Ellegard L, Gronberg AM, Larsson S, Rossander-Hulthen L. Total energy expenditure in underweight patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease living at home. Clin Nutr 2003; 22: 159-165.
77. Last JM, ed. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. 3rd Edn. New York, Oxford University Press Inc., 1995.
78. Kriska A. Ethnic and cultural issues in assessing physical activity. Res Q Exerc Sport 2000; 71: Suppl. 2, S47-S53.
79. Stewart AL, Mills KM, King AC, Haskell WL, Gillis D, Ritter PL. CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire for older adults: outcomes for interventions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33: 1126-1141.
80. Ainsworth BE, Leon AS, Richardson MT, Jacobs DR, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Accuracy of the College Alumnus Physical Activity Questionnaire. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 1403-1411.
81. Uitenbroek DG. Seasonal variation in leisure time physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25: 755-760.
82. Folsom AR, Jacobs DR Jr, Caspersen CJ, Gomez-Marin O, Knudsen J. Test-retest reliability of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. J Chronic Dis 1986; 39: 505-511.
83. Blair SN, Dowda M, Pate RR, et al. Reliability of long-term recall of participation in physical activity by middle-aged men and women. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 266-275.
84. Richardson MT, Leon AS, Jacobs DR Jr, Ainsworth BE, Serfass R. Comprehensive evaluation of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. J Clin Epidemiol 1994; 47: 271-281.
85. Hoeymans N, Wouters ER, Feskens EJ, van den Bos GA, Krombout D. Reproducibility of performance-based and self-reported measures of functional status. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997; 52: Suppl. 6, M363-M368.
86. Pivarnik JM, Reeves MJ, Rafferty AP. Seasonal variation in adult leisure-time physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1004-1008.
87. Trost SG, Pate RR, Freedson PS, Sallis JF, Taylor WC. Using objective physical activity measures with youth: how many days of monitoring are needed? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 426-431.
88. Guillemin F, Bombardier C, Beaton D. Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 1417-1432.
89. Starling RD, Matthews DE, Ades PA, Poehlman ET. Assessment of physical activity in older individuals: a doubly labeled water study. J Appl Physiol 1999; 86: 2090-2096.
90. Schuit AJ, Schouten EG, Westerterp KR, Saris WH. Validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): according to energy expenditure assessed by the doubly labeled water method. J Clin Epidemiol 1997; 50: 541-546.
91. Dinger MK, Oman RF, Taylor EL, Vesely SK, Able J. Stability and convergent validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2004; 44: 186-192.
92. Otis RB, Brown AS, Womack CJ, Fonong T, Gardner AW. Relationship between physical activity recall and free-living daily physical activity in older claudicants. Angiology 2000; 51: 181-188.
93. McDermott MM, Liu K, O'Brien E, et al. Measuring physical activity in peripheral arterial disease: a comparison of two physical activity questionnaires with an accelerometer. Angiology 2000; 51: 91-100.
94. Ng AV, Kent-Braun JA. Quantitation of lower physical activity in persons with multiple sclerosis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29: 517-523.
95. Ainsworth BE, Bassett DR Jr, Strath SJ, et al. Comparison of three methods for measuring the time spent in physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: Suppl. 9, S457-S464.
96. Giantomaso T, Makowsky L, Ashworth NL, Sankaran R. The validity of patient and physician estimates of walking distance. Clin Rehabil 2003; 17: 394-401.
97. Guyatt GH, Kirshner B, Jaeschke R. Measuring health status: what are the necessary measurement properties? J Clin Epidemiol 1992; 45: 1341-1345.
98. Guyatt G, Walter S, Norman G. Measuring change over time: assessing the usefulness of evaluative instruments. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40: 171-178.
99. Mercer K, Follette D, Breslin E, et al. Comparison of functional state between bilateral lung volume reduction surgery and pulmonary rehabilitation: a six-month follow-up study. Int J Surg Investig 1999; 1: 139-147.
100. Pereira MA, FitzerGerald SJ, Gregg EW, et al. A collection of Physical Activity Questionnaires for health-related research. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29: Suppl. 6, S1-S205.
101. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Blair SN, Lee IM, Hyde RT. Measurement of physical activity to assess health effects in free-living populations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25: 60-70.
102. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Wing AL, Hyde RT. Physical activity as an index of heart attack risk in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol. 1978; 108: 161-175.
103. Sesso HD, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Lee IM. Physical activity and coronary heart disease in men: The Harvard Alumni Health Study. Circulation 2000; 102: 975-980.
104. Lee IM, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Physical activity and stroke incidence: the Harvard Alumni Health Study. Stroke 1998; 29: 2049-2054.
105. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Lee IM, Kampert JB. Physical activity in the prevention of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. World Rev Nutr Diet 1997; 82: 210-218.
106. Lee IM, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Physical activity and its relation to cancer risk: a prospective study of college alumni. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994; 26: 831-837.
107. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Lee IM. Intensity of physical activity related to incidence of hypertension and all-cause mortality: an epidemiological view. Blood Press Monit 1997; 2: 115-123.
108. Montoye HJ. Estimation of habitual physical activity by questionnaire and interview. Am J Clin Nutr 1971; 24: 1113-1118.
109. Reiff GG, Montoye HJ, Remington RD, Napier JA, Metzner HL, Epstein FH. Assessment of physical activity by questionnaire and interview. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1967; 7: 135-142.
110. Conway JM, Irwin ML, Ainsworth BE. Estimating energy expenditure from the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity and Tecumseh Occupational Activity questionnaires - a doubly labeled water validation. J Clin Epidemiol 2002; 55: 392-399.
111. Blair SN, Haskell WL, Ho P, et al, Assessment of habitual physical activity by a seven-day recall in a community survey and controlled experiments. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 122: 794-804.
112. Johnson MF, Nichols JF, Sallis JF, Calfas KJ, Hovell MF. Interrelationships between physical activity and other health behaviors among university women and men. Prev Med 1998; 27: 536-544.
113. Sallis JF, Haskell WL, Wood PD, Fortmann SP, Rogers T, Blair SN, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Physical activity assessment methodology in the Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121: 91-106.
114. Miller DJ, Freedson PS, Kline GM. Comparison of activity levels using the Caltrac accelerometer and five questionnaires. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994; 26: 376-382.
115. Tudor-Locke CE, Myers AM. Challenges and opportunities for measuring physical activity in sedentary adults. Sports Med 2001; 31: 91-100.
116. Westerterp KR. Physical activity assessment with accelerometers. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23: Suppl. 3, S45-S49.
117. Bassett DR Jr. Validity and reliability issues in objective monitoring of physical activity. Res Q Exerc Sport 2000; 71: Suppl. 2, S30-S36.
118. Mathie MJ, Coster AC, Lovell NH, Celler BG. Accelerometry: providing an integrated, practical method for long-term, ambulatory monitoring of human movement. Physiol Meas 2004; 25: Suppl. 2, R1-R20.
119. Tudor-Locke C, Williams JE, Reis JP, Pluto D. Utility of pedometers for assessing physical activity: convergent validity. Sports Med 2002; 32: 795-808.
120. Schonhofer B, Ardes P, Geibel M, Kohler D, Jones PW. Evaluation of a movement detector to measure daily activity in patients with chronic lung disease. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 2814-2819.
121. Coronado M, Janssens JP, de Muralt B, Terrier P, Schutz Y, Fitting JW. Walking activity measured by accelerometry during respiratory rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2003; 23: 357-364.
122. Singh S, Morgan MD. Activity monitors can detect brisk walking in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2001; 21: 143-148.
123. Sewell L, Singh SJ, Williams JE, Collier R, Morgan MD. Can individualized rehabilitation improve functional independence in elderly patients with COPD? Chest 2005; 128: 1194-1200.
124. Mercken EM, Hageman GJ, Schols AM, Akkermans MA, Bast A, Wouters EF. Rehabilitation decreases exercise-induced oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 994-1001.
125. Goris AH, Meijer EP, Kester A, Westerterp KR. Use of a triaxial accelerometer to validate reported food intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 549-553.
126. Goris AH, Vermeeren MA, Wouters EF, Schols AM, Westerterp KR, Energy balance in depleted ambulatory patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the effect of physical activity and oral nutritional supplementation. Br J Nutr 2003; 89: 725-731.
127. Steele BG, Holt L, Belza B, Ferris S, Lakshminaryan S, Buchner DM. Quantitating physical activity in COPD using a triaxial accelerometer. Chest 2000; 117: 1359-1367.
128. Steele BG, Belza B, Hunziker J, et al. Monitoring daily activity during pulmonary rehabilitation using a triaxial accelerometer. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2003; 23: 139-142.
129. Belza B, Steele BG, Hunziker J, Lakshminaryan S, Holt L, Buchner DM. Correlates of physical activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nurs Res 2001; 50: 195-202.
130. Behnke M, Wewel AR, Kirsten D, Jorres RA, Magnussen H. Exercise training raises daily activity stronger than predicted from exercise capacity in patients with COPD. Respir Med 2005; 99: 711-717.
131. Pitta F, Troosters T, Probst VS, Spruit MA, Decramer M, Gosselink R. Physical activity and hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 2006; 129: 536-544.
132. Iwane M, Arita M, Tomimoto S, et al. Walking 10,000 steps/day or more reduces blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in mild essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 2000; 23: 573-580.
133. Chan CB, Ryan DA, Tudor-Locke C. Health benefits of a pedometer-based physical activity intervention in sedentary workers. Prev Med 2004; 39: 1215-1222.
134. Wyatt HR, Peters JC, Reed GW, Barry M, Hill JO. A Colorado statewide survey of walking and its relation to excessive weight. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 724-730.
135. Cyarto EV, Myers AM, Tudor-Locke C. Pedometer accuracy in nursing home and community-dwelling older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 205-209.
136. Tudor-Locke C, Ainsworth BE, Thompson RW, Matthews CE. Comparison of pedometer and accelerometer measures of free-living physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 2045-2051.
137. The Anatomy of a Pedometer, 2004. www.pedometers.com. Date last accessed: July 24, 2005.
138. Freedson PS, Miller K. Objective monitoring of physical activity using motion sensors and heart rate. Res Q Exerc Sport 2000; 71: S21-S29.
139. Patterson SM, Krantz DS, Montgomery LC, Deuster PA, Hedges SM, Nebel LE. Automated physical activity monitoring: validation and comparison with physiological and self-report measures. Psychophysiology 1993; 30: 296-305.
140. Le Masurier GC, Tudor-Locke C. Comparison of pedometer and accelerometer accuracy under controlled conditions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 867-871.
141. Kochersberger G, McConnell E, Kuchibhatla MN, Pieper C. The reliability, validity, and stability of a measure of physical activity in the elderly. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 793-795.
142. Powell SM, Rowlands AV. Intermonitor variability of the RT3 accelerometer during typical physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 324-330.
143. Hendelman D, Miller K, Baggett C, Debold E, Freedson P. Validity of accelerometry for the assessment of moderate intensity physical activity in the field. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: Suppl. 9, S442-S449.
144. Hartsell H, Fitzpatrick D, Brand R, Frantz; R, Saltzman C. Accuracy of a custom-designed activity monitor: implications for diabetic foot ulcer healing. J Rehabil Res Dev 2002; 39: 395-400.
145. Schutz Y, Weinsier S, Terrier P, Durrer D. A new accelerometric method to assess the daily walking practice. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002; 26: 111-118.
146. Richardson MT, Leon AS, Jacobs DR Jr, Ainsworth BE, Serfass R. Ability of the Caltrac accelerometer to assess daily physical activity levels. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1995; 15: 107-113.
147. Bouten CV, Verboeket-van de Venne WP, Westerterp KR, Verduin M, Janssen JD. Daily physical activity assessment: comparison between movement registration and doubly labeled water. J Appl Physiol 1996; 81: 1019-1026.
148. Matthews CE, Ainsworth BE, Thompson RW, Bassett DR Jr. Sources of variance in daily physical activity levels as measured by an accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 1376-1381.
149. Levin S, Jacobs DR Jr, Ainsworth BE, Richardson MT, Leon AS. Intra-individual variation and estimates of usual physical activity. Ann Epidemiol 1999; 9: 481-488.
150. Gretebeck RJ, Montoye HJ. Variability of some objective measures of physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24: 1167-1172.
151. Tudor-Locke C, Burkett L, Reis JP, Ainsworth BE, Macera CA, Wilson DK. How many days of pedometer monitoring predict weekly physical activity in adults? Prev Med 2005; 40: 293-298.
152. Sherman WM, Morris DM, Kirby TE, et al. Evaluation of a commercial accelerometer (Tritrac-R3 D) to measure energy expenditure during ambulation. Int J Sports Med 1998; 19: 43-47.
153. Meijer GA, Westerterp KR, Koper H, ten Hoor F. Assessment of energy expenditure by recording heart rate and body acceleration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1989; 21: 343-347.
154. Leenders NY, Sherman WM, Nagaraja HN, Kien CL. Evaluation of methods to assess physical activity in free-living conditions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33: 1233-1240.
155. Campbell KL, Crocker PR, McKenzie DC. Field evaluation of energy expenditure in women using Tritrac accelerometers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 1667-1674.
156. Bassett DR Jr, Ainsworth BE, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, O'Brien WL, King GA. Validity of four motion sensors in measuring moderate intensity physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: Suppl. 9, S471-S480.
157. Jakicic JM, Winters C, Lagally K, Ho J, Robertson RJ, Wing RR. The accuracy of the TriTrac-R3D accelerometer to estimate energy expenditure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: 747-754.
158. Leenders NY, Nelson TE, Sherman WM. Ability of different physical activity monitors to detect movement during treadmill walking. Int J Sports Med 2003; 24: 43-50.
159. Plasqui G, Joosen AM, Kester AD, Goris AH, Westerterp KR. Measuring free-living energy expenditure and physical activity with triaxial accelerometry. Obes Res 2005; 13: 1363-1369.
160. Brage S, Brage N, Franks PW, et al. Branched equation modeling of simultaneous accelerometry and heart rate monitoring improves estimate of directly measured physical activity energy expenditure. J Appl Physiol 2004; 96: 343-351.
161. Hustvedt BE, Christophersen A, Johnsen LR, et al. Description and validation of the ActiReg: a novel instrument to measure physical activity and energy expenditure. Br J Nutr 2004; 92: 1001-1008.
162. Strath SJ, Bassett DR Jr, Swartz AM, Thompson DL. Simultaneous heart rate-motion sensor technique to estimate energy expenditure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33: 2118-2123.
163. Gottlieb SS, Fisher ML, Freudenberger R, et al. Effects of exercise training on peak performance and quality of life in congestive heart failure patients. J Card Fail 1999; 5: 188-194.
164. van Stel HF, Colland VT, Heins NL, Rijssenbeek-Nouwens LH, Everaerd W. Assessing inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation using the patient's view of outcome. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2002; 22: 201-210.
165. Yusuf HR, Croft JB, Giles WH, et al. Leisure-time physical activity among older adults. United States, 1990. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 1321-1326.
166. Troiano RP. A timely meeting: objective measurement of physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: Suppl. 11, S487-S489.
167. Schneider PL, Crouter SE, Bassett DR. Pedometer measures of free-living physical activity: comparison of 13 models. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 331-335.
168. Swartz AM, Bassett DR Jr, Moore JB, Thompson DL, Strath SJ. Effects of body mass index on the accuracy of an electronic pedometer. Int J Sports Med 2003; 24: 588-592.
169. Schneider PL, Crouter SE, Lukajic O, Bassett DR Jr. Accuracy and reliability of 10 pedometers for measuring steps over a 400-m walk. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1779-1784.
170. Haeuber E, Shaughnessy M, Forrester LW, Coleman KL, Macko RF. Accelerometer monitoring of home- and community-based ambulatory activity after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85: 1997-2001.
171. Algase DL, Beattie ER, Leitsch SA, Beel-Bates CA. Biomechanical activity devices to index wandering behavior in dementia. Am J Alzheimer's Dis Other Demen 2003; 18: 85-92.
172. Swartz AM, Strath SJ, Bassett DR Jr, O'Brien WL, King GA, Ainsworth BE. Estimation of energy expenditure using CSA accelerometers at hip and wrist sites. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: Suppl. 9, S450-S456.
173. Brage S, Wedderkopp N, Franks PW, Andersen LB, Froberg K. Reexamination of validity and reliability of the CSA monitor in walking and running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1447-1454.
174. Trost SG, Sirard JR, Dowda M, Pfeiffer KA, Pate RR. Physical activity in overweight and nonoverweight pre-school children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27: 834-839.
175. Ekelund U, Tingstrom P, Kamwendo K, et al. The validity of the Computer Science and Applications activity monitor for use in coronary artery disease patients during level walking. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2002; 22: 248-253.
176. McDermott MM, Ohlmiller SM, Liu K, et al. Gait alterations associated with walking impairment in people with peripheral arterial disease with and without intermittent claudication. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49: 747-754.
177. Melanson EL Jr, Freedson PS. Validity of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. (CSA) activity monitor. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27: 934-940.
178. Miller LG, Kraft IA. Application of actigraphy in the clinical setting: use in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacotherapy 1994; 14: 219-223.
179. Jakicic JM, Marcus M, Gallagher KI, Randall C, Thomas E, Goss FL, Robertson RJ. Evaluation of the SenseWear Pro Armband to assess energy expenditure during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 897-904.
180. King GA, Torres N, Potter C, Brooks TJ, Coleman KJ. Comparison of activity monitors to estimate energy cost of treadmill exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 1244-1251.
181. Cole PJ, LeMura LM, Klinger TA, Strohecker K, McConnell TR. Measuring energy expenditure in cardiac patients using the Body Media Armband versus indirect calorimetry. A validation study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2004; 44: 262-271.