The Dispersed Neuroendocrine System, Its Bronchopulmonary Elements, and Neuroendocrine Tumors Presumed to be Derived from Them: Myths, Mistaken Notions, and Misunderstandings

Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 178-182

  Warren, William H ^a   Hammar, Samuel P ^b  

^a RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Diagnostic Specialties Laboratory Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

dispersed neuroendocrine system; histopathology; pathophysiology; physiology

Indexed keywords

EOSIN; HEMATOXYLIN;

ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA; ARTICLE; BRONCHUS CARCINOID; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LARGE CELL CARCINOMA; LUNG CARCINOMA; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; LUNG SMALL CELL CANCER; METAMORPHOSIS; NEURAL CREST CELL; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR; NEUROSECRETORY CELL; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; TUMOR DIFFERENTIATION;

BRONCHI; BRONCHIAL NEOPLASMS; BRONCHOSCOPY; HUMANS; LUNG; LUNG NEOPLASMS; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS; NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 33845481788     PISSN: 10430679     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2006.08.003     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Feyrter F. Uber diffuse endocrine epitheliale Organe (1938), JA Barth, Leipzig
2. Froelich F. Die "Helle-Zelle" der Bronchialschleimhaut und ihre Beziehungen zum Problem des Chemorezeptoren. Frankf Z Pathol 60 (1949) 517-0
3. Hokfelt T., Johansson O., Ljungdahl A., et al. Peptidergic neurons. Nature 284 (1980) 515-1
4. Gould V.E. The endocrine lung. Lab Invest 48 (1983) 507
5. Becker K.L., and Gazdar A.F. The Endocrine Lung (1984), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA
6. Brown W.H. A case of pluriglandular syndrome: diabetes in bearded women. Lancet 2 (1928) 1022-1023
7. Warren W.H., and Gould V.E. Long-term follow-up of classical bronchial carcinoid tumors. Clinicopathologic observations. Scand J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 24 (1990) 125-130
8. Isawa T., Okubo K., Konno K., et al. Cushing's syndrome caused by recurrent malignant carcinoid. A case report with 12 years' observation. Am Rev Resp Dis 108 (1973) 1200-1204
9. Gould V.E., Linnoila R.I., Memoli V.A., et al. Neuroendocrine components of the bronchopulmonary tract: hyperplasias, dysplasias and neoplasms. Lab Invest 49 (1983) 519-537
10. Warren W.H., and Gould V.E. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung: a 10 year perspective on their classification. Zentrabl Pathol 139 (1993) 107-113
11. Pearse A.G.E. The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone-producing cells of the APUD series and the embryologic, physiologic and pathologic implications of the concept. J Histochem Cytochem 17 (1969) 303-313
12. Pearse A.G.E. Molecular markers and the APUD concept. In: Farner D.S., and Lederis K. (Eds). Neurosecretion: Molecules, Cells, Systems (1981), Plenum Publishing Corp, New York, NY 15
13. LeDouarin N.M., and Fontaine-Perus J. The neural crest and the digestive tract: developmental relationships. In: Bloom S.R., and Polak J.M. (Eds). Gut Hormones (1981), Churchill Livingston, Edinburgh 107
14. Pictet R.L., Rall L.B., Phelps P., et al. The neural crest and the origin of insulin-producing and other gastrointestinal hormone-producing cells. Science 191 (1976) 191-192
15. Stahlman M.I., Kasselberg A.G., Orth D.N., et al. Ontogeny of neuroendocrine cells in human fetal lung. II. An immunohistochemical study. Lab Invest 52 (1985) 52-60
16. Tischler A.S., Dichter M.A., Biales B., et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasms and their cells of origin. N Engl J Med 296 (1977) 919-925
17. Gould V.E. Histogenesis and differentiation: a reevaluation of these concepts as criteria for the classification of tumors. Hum Pathol 17 (1986) 212-215
18. Taylor W. Pulmonary aryophil cells at high altitude. J Pathol 122 (1977) 137-144
19. Hernandez-Vasquez A., Will J.A., and Quay W.B. Quantitative characteristics of Feyrter (APUD) cells of the neonatal rabbit in normoxia and chronic hypoxia. Thorax 32 (1977) 449-456
20. Reznik-Schueller H. Sequential morphologic alterations in the bronchial epithelium of the Golden Hamsters during N-nitrosomorpholine-induced pulmonary tumorigenesis. Am J Pathol 89 (1977) 59-66
21. Linnoila R.I., Becker K.L., Silva O.L., et al. Pulmonary endocrine cells in the normal and nitrosamine-treated hamster. In: Becker K.L., and Gazdar A.F. (Eds). The Endocrine Lung (1984), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA 352-362
22. Warren W.H., Memoli V.A., Jordan A.G., et al. Re-evaluation of pulmonary neoplasms resected as small cell carcinomas. Significance of distinguishing between well differentiated and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. Cancer 65 (1990) 1003-1010
23. Warren W.H., Memoli V.A., and Gould V.E. Well differentiated and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung. Two related, but distinct clinicopathologic entities. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol 55 (1988) 299-310
24. Gould V.E., and Chejfec G. Ultrastructural and biochemical analysis of "undifferentiated" pulmonary carcinomas. Hum Pathol 9 (1978) 377-384
25. Iyoda A., Hiroshima K., Baba M., et al. Pulmonary large cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine features are high-grade neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Thorac Surg 73 (2002) 1049-1054
26. Zacharias J., Nicholson A.G., Ladas G.P., et al. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and large cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine morphology of the lung: prognosis after complete resection and systematic nodal dissection. Ann Thorac Surg 75 (2003) 348-352
27. Ab'Saber A.M., Massoni Neto L.M., Bianchi C.P., et al. Neuroendocrine and biologic features of primary tumors and tissue in pulmonary large cell carcinomas. Ann Thorac Surg 77 (2004) 1883-1890
28. Paci M., Cavazza A., Annessi V., et al. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a 10-year clinicopathologic retrospective study. Ann Thorac Surg 77 (2004) 1163-1167
29. Battafarano R.J., Fernandez F.G., Ritter J., et al. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: An aggressive form of non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 130 (2005) 166-172
30. Gould V.E., Memoli V.A., and Dardi L.E. Multidirectional differentiation in human epithelial cancers. J Submicroscop Cytol 13 (1981) 97-113
31. Barnard W.G. The nature of the "oat-celled sarcoma" of the mediastinum. J Pathol Bacteriol 28 (1926) 241-244
32. Azzopardi J.G. Oat-celled carcinoma of the bronchus. J Pathol Bacteriol 78 (1959) 513-519
33. Abeloff M.D., and Eggelston J.C. Morphologic changes following therapy. In: Greco F.A., Oldham R.K., and Bunn P.A. (Eds). Small Cell Lung Cancer (1981), Grune & Stratton, New York, NY 235-259
34. World Health Organization. World Health Organization histologic typing of lung tumors. (ed 3) (1999), World Health Organization, Geneva
35. Sampietro G., Tomasic G., Collini P., et al. Gene product immuniphenotyping of neuroendocrine lung tumors. No linking evidence between carcinoids and small-cell lung carcinomas suggested by multivariate statistical analysis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 8 (2000) 49-56