PAM-4 signaling over VCSELs with 0.13μm CMOS chip technology

Optics Express

Volumn 14, Issue 25, 2006, Pages 12028-12038

  Cunningham, J E ^a   Beckman, D ^a   Xuezhe, Zheng ^a   Dawei, Huang ^a   Sze, T ^a   Krishnamoorthy, A V ^a  

^a SUN MICROSYSTEMS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BANDWIDTH; CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; INFORMATION THEORY; JITTER; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS;

BINARY SIGNALING; DETERMINISTIC JITTERS; LINK ANALYSIS;

OPTICAL LINKS;

EID: 33845435482     PISSN: 10944087     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.012028     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. R. Farjad-Rad, C.-K. K. Yang and M. A. Horowitz, "A 0.3- mm CMOS 8-GS/s 4-PAM Serial Link Transceiver," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 35, 757-764, (2000).
2. S. Walkin and J. Conradi, "Multilevel Signaling for increasing the reach of 10Gbps Systems," J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 2235-2248 (1999).
3. K. Yonenage and S. Kuwano, "Dispersion tolerant optical transmission using doubinary transmitter and binary receiver," J. Lightwave Technol. 15, 1530-1537, (1997).
4. A. Adamiecki, M. Duelk, J.H. Sinsky, M. Mandich: "Scalability of Duobinary Signaling to 25Gb/s for 100 GbE Applications," IEEE 802.3ap Task Force Meeting, (November 2004). http://www.ieee802.org/3/ap/public/nov04/ adamiecki_01_1104.pdf
5. H. Wu, J. Tiemo, P. Pepeljugoski, J. Schaub,S. Gowda, J. Kask, and A. Hajimir, "Differential 4-tap and 7-tap Transverse Filters in SiGe for 10Gh/s Multimode Fiber Optic" Link equalization" 2003 IEEE International Solid State Circuit Conference, pp 180-181, February 2003.
6. David Cunningham, "Multilevel Modulation for 10GbE:Link and Component Specification," see http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/ 10Gstudy/public/july99/cunningham_1_0799.pdf.
7. C. Pelard, E. Gebara, A. J. Kim, M. Vrazel, E. J. Peddi, V. M. S.Hietala, Bajekal, S. E. Ralph, and J. Laska, "Multilevel signaling and equalization over multimode fiber at 10 Gbit/s," Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuit (GaAs IC) Symposium, 2003. 25th Annual Technical Digest 2003. IEEE, p.197-199, (2003)
8. John. E. Cunningham, David K. McElfresh, Leon D. Lopez, Dan Vacar, and Ashok V. Krishnamoorthy, "Scaling vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser reliability for petascale systems," Appl. Opt. 45, 6342-6348 (2006).
9. Richard J. S. Bates, Daniel M. Kuchta, Kenneth P. Jackson, "Improved Multimode Fiber Link BER Calculations due to Modal Noise and Non Self-Pulsating Laser Diodes," Opt. Quantum Electron. 27, 203-224 (1995).
10. See Sang-Hoon Lee, Yong-Sang Cho, Bon-Jo Koo, Sang-Kook Han, "Optimization of a small to-can package electrical design for SFF/SFP optical transceiver module," Microwave Opt.l Technol. Lett. 40, 239-242, (2003).
11. G. P. Agrawal, "Fiber Optics Communication Systems," 2nd ed., John Wiley and Sons, p. 180-182, (1997).
12. P. Voois, N. Swenson, and T. Lindsay, "Extending the Ethernet Link Model for EDC and Modulation Format," http://grouper.iece.org/groups/802/3/ 10GMMFSG/public/mar04/voois_1_0304.pdf
13. We have not factored in the effects from the CMOS circuitry which could be the dominate source of rms jitter and thereby mask out other components that contribute to this metric.
14. Dawei Huang, "Free Space Optical Interconnect For Computing System- Design, Optimization and Implementation," PhD Thesis, University of California, San Diego, to be published Dec (2006)
15. Vladimir Stojanovic, "Channel-Limited High-Speed Links: Modeling, Analysis And Design, PhD Thesis, Stanford University," 2004
16. Larry A. Coldren and Scott W. Corzine, "Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits," pg 200, John Wiley and Sons (1995)
17. Only small improvement in VCSEL frequency response have developed to date compared with earlier reports of a 21 GHz result dated in 1997. see K. L. Lear, M. Ochiai, V. M. Hietala, H. Q. Hou, B. E. Hammons, J. J. Banas, and J. A. Nevers, "Small and large signal modulation of 850nm oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers," Advances in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers in Trends in Optics and Photonics Series, 15, 69-74, (1997).