메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 2-3, 2004, Pages 205-218

Variations in snow strength and stability on uniform slopes

Author keywords

Avalanche forecasting; Extrapolation; Spatial variation; Stability

Indexed keywords

AVALANCHES (SNOWSLIDES); CONVERGENCE OF NUMERICAL METHODS; EXTRAPOLATION; IMPORTANCE SAMPLING; SHEAR STRESS;

EID: 33845411162     PISSN: 0165232X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2003.12.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (31)
  • 1
    • 84888406193 scopus 로고
    • Snow properties research and data management Snow Science: Reflections on the past, Perspectives on the Future
    • The Center for Snow Science. Alta, Utah
    • Armstrong, R.L., 1991. Snow properties research and data management Snow Science: Reflections on the past, Perspectives on the Future. Proceedings of the Alta symposium, The Center for Snow Science. Alta, Utah, pp. 1 - 9
    • (1991) Proceedings of the Alta symposium , pp. 1-9
    • Armstrong, R.L.1
  • 2
    • 0031804588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terminology and predominant processes associated with the formation of weak layers of near-surface faceted crystals in the mountain snowpack.
    • Birkeland, K.W., 1998. Terminology and predominant processes associated with the formation of weak layers of near-surface faceted crystals in the mountain snowpack. Arct. Alp. Res. 30 (2), 193- 199
    • (1998) Arct Alp. Res , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-199
    • Birkeland, K.W.1
  • 3
    • 0035203078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of snow stability throughout a small mountain range
    • Birkeland, K.W., 2001. Spatial patterns of snow stability throughout a small mountain range. J. Glaciol. 47 (157), 176- 186
    • (2001) J. Glaciol. , vol.47 , Issue.157 , pp. 176-186
    • Birkeland, K.W.1
  • 4
    • 0142154819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in spatial patterns of snow stability through time
    • Penticton, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Avalanche Program, Victoria, British Columbia
    • Birkeland, K.W., Landry, C.C., 2002. Changes in spatial patterns of snow stability through time. Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow Science Workshop, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Avalanche Program, Victoria, British Columbia, pp. 482-489
    • (2002) Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow Science Workshop , pp. 482-489
    • Birkeland, K.W.1    Landry, C.C.2
  • 5
    • 84888405077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the hardness and shear strength of a buried surface hoar layer
    • in press
    • Birkeland, K., Kronholm, K., Schneebeli, M., Pielmeier, C., in press Changes in the hardness and shear strength of a buried surface hoar layer. Ann. Glaciol., 38
    • Ann. Glaciol. , vol.38 , pp. 1111
    • Birkeland, K.1    Kronholm, K.2    Schneebeli, M.3    Pielmeier, C.4
  • 6
    • 0001486159 scopus 로고
    • The location and timing of deep slab avalanches J
    • Bradley, C., 1970. The location and timing of deep slab avalanches J. Glaciol. 9 (56), 253- 261
    • (1970) Glaciol , vol.9 , Issue.56 , pp. 253-261
    • Bradley, C.1
  • 7
    • 85031084667 scopus 로고
    • Weather observation sites and procedures Appendix A, Observation Guidelines and Recording Standards for Weather, Snowpack and Avalanches
    • CAA/NRCC, Canadian Avalanche Association, Revelstoke, British Columbia
    • CAA/NRCC, 1995. Weather observation sites and procedures Appendix A, Observation Guidelines and Recording Standards for Weather, Snowpack and Avalanches. NRCC Technical Memorandum, vol. 132. Canadian Avalanche Association, Revelstoke, British Columbia, pp. 61- 62
    • (1995) NRCC Technical Memorandum , vol.132 , pp. 61-62
  • 8
    • 0035654899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapolating the skier stability of buried surface hoar layers from study plot measurements.Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 33 (2- 3)
    • Chalmers, T.S., Jamieson, J.B., 2001. Extrapolating the skier stability of buried surface hoar layers from study plot measurements.Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 33 (2- 3), 163- 177
    • (2001) 163-177
    • Chalmers, T.S.1    Jamieson, J.B.2
  • 9
    • 0021536624 scopus 로고
    • Snow stability index
    • Conway, H., Abrahamson, J., 1984. Snow stability index. J. Glaciol.30 (106), 321- 327
    • (1984) J. Glaciol. , vol.30 , Issue.106 , pp. 321-327
    • Conway, H.1    Abrahamson, J.2
  • 11
    • 0003059652 scopus 로고
    • Snowcover stability tests and the areal variability of snow strength
    • Whistler, British Columbia, Canada.Canadian Avalanche Association, Revelstoke, British Columbia
    • Föhn, P.M.B., 1989. Snowcover stability tests and the areal variability of snow strength. Proceedings of the 1988 International Snow Science Workshop, Whistler, British Columbia, Canada.Canadian Avalanche Association, Revelstoke, British Columbia, pp. 262-273
    • (1989) Proceedings of the 1988 International Snow Science Workshop , pp. 262-273
    • Föhn, P.M.B.1
  • 13
    • 0006845415 scopus 로고
    • Experience with rutschblocks
    • Breckenridge, Colorado, USA. Colorado Avalanche Information Center, Boulder, Colorado
    • Jamieson, J.B., Johnston, C.D., 1993a. Experience with rutschblocks. Proceedings of the 1992 International Snow Science Workshop, Breckenridge, Colorado, USA. Colorado Avalanche Information Center, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 150- 159
    • (1993) Proceedings of the 1992 International Snow Science Workshop , pp. 150-159
    • Jamieson, J.B.1    Johnston, C.D.2
  • 14
    • 0001033275 scopus 로고
    • Shear frame stability parameters for large-scale avalanche forecasting
    • Jamieson, J.B., Johnston, C.D., 1993b. Shear frame stability parameters for large-scale avalanche forecasting. Ann. Glaciol. 18, 268- 273
    • (1993) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.18 , pp. 268-273
    • Jamieson, J.B.1    Johnston, C.D.2
  • 15
    • 0034918660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the shear frame test for weak snowpack layers
    • Jamieson, B., Johnston, C.D., 2001. Evaluation of the shear frame test for weak snowpack layers. Ann. Glaciol. 32, 59- 69
    • (2001) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.32 , pp. 59-69
    • Jamieson, B.1    Johnston, C.D.2
  • 16
    • 84888423717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength changes of layers of faceted snow crystals in the Columbia and Rocky Mountain snowpack climates in southwestern Canada
    • Big Sky, Montana, USA. American Avalanche Association, Pagosa Springs, Colorado
    • Johnson, G., Jamieson, J.B., 2000. Strength changes of layers of faceted snow crystals in the Columbia and Rocky Mountain snowpack climates in southwestern Canada. Proceedings of the 2000 International Snow Science Workshop, Big Sky, Montana, USA. American Avalanche Association, Pagosa Springs, Colorado, pp. 86- 93
    • (2000) Proceedings of the 2000 International Snow Science Workshop , pp. 86-93
    • Johnson, G.1    Jamieson, J.B.2
  • 17
    • 84888423717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength changes of layers of faceted snow crystals in the Columbia and Rocky Mountain snowpack climates in southwestern Canada
    • Big Sky, Montana, USA
    • Johnson, G., Jamieson, J.B., 2000. Strength changes of layers of faceted snow crystals in the Columbia and Rocky Mountain snowpack climates in southwestern Canada. Proceedings of the 2000 International Snow Science Workshop, Big Sky, Montana, USA, pp. 86- 93
    • (2000) Proceedings of the 2000 International Snow Science Workshop , pp. 86-93
    • Johnson, G.1    Jamieson, J.B.2
  • 18
    • 0142217061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating shear quality into stability test results
    • Penticton, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Avalanche Program, Victoria, British Columbia
    • Johnson, R.F., Birkeland, K.W., 2002. Integrating shear quality into stability test results. Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow ScienceWorkshop, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Avalanche Program, Victoria, British Columbia, pp. 508- 513
    • (2002) Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow ScienceWorkshop , pp. 508-513
    • Johnson, R.F.1    Birkeland, K.W.2
  • 20
    • 1842717098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variability of snow stability on small slopes
    • Penticton, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Avalanche Program, Victoria, British Columbia
    • Kronholm, K., Schweizer, J., Schneebeli, M., 2002. Spatial variability of snow stability on small slopes. Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow Science Workshop, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Avalanche Program, Victoria, British Columbia, pp. 549-554
    • (2002) Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow Science Workshop , pp. 549-554
    • Kronholm, K.1    Schweizer, J.2    Schneebeli, M.3
  • 21
    • 0019149455 scopus 로고
    • The fundamental processes in conventional avalanche forecasting
    • LaChapelle, E.R., 1980. The fundamental processes in conventional avalanche forecasting. J. Glaciol. 26 (94), 75- 84
    • (1980) J. Glaciol. , vol.26 , Issue.94 , pp. 75-84
    • LaChapelle, E.R.1
  • 22
    • 84888411992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variation in snow stability on uniform slopes: implications for extrapolation to surrounding terrain. MS thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
    • Landry, C.C., 2002. Spatial variation in snow stability on uniform slopes: implications for extrapolation to surrounding terrain. MS thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA, p. 248
    • (2002) , pp. 248
    • Landry, C.C.1
  • 23
    • 0035657019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantified loaded column stability test: mechanics, procedure, sample-size selection, and trials
    • Landry, C.C., Borkowski, J., Brown, R.L., 2001. Quantified loaded column stability test: mechanics, procedure, sample-size selection, and trials. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 33 (2- 3), 103- 121
    • (2001) Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. , vol.33 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 103-121
    • Landry, C.C.1    Borkowski, J.2    Brown, R.L.3
  • 24
    • 0142154848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A field method for identifying structural weaknesses in the snowpack
    • Penticton, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Avalanche Program, Victoria, British Columbia
    • McCammon, I., Schweizer, J., 2002. A field method for identifying structural weaknesses in the snowpack. Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow Science Workshop, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Avalanche Program, Victoria, British Columbia, pp. 477- 481
    • (2002) Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow Science Workshop , pp. 477-481
    • McCammon, I.1    Schweizer, J.2
  • 25
    • 0036294401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elements of applied avalanche forecasting: Part I. The human issues
    • McClung, D.M., 2002. The elements of applied avalanche forecasting: Part I. The human issues. Nat. Hazards 25, 111 - 119
    • (2002) Nat. Hazards 25, 111 - , pp. 119
    • McClung, D.M.1
  • 28
    • 0035657254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow profile interpretation for stability evaluation
    • Schweizer, J., Weisinger, T., 2001. Snow profile interpretation for stability evaluation. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 33 (2- 3), 179- 188
    • (2001) Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. , vol.33 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 179-188
    • Schweizer, J.1    Weisinger, T.2
  • 29
    • 0142217062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variability of slab stability in avalanche starting zones
    • Penticton, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Avalanche Program, Victoria, British Columbia
    • Stewart, K., Jamieson, B., 2002. Spatial variability of slab stability in avalanche starting zones. Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow Science Workshop, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Transportation, Avalanche Program, Victoria, British Columbia, pp. 544- 548
    • (2002) Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow Science Workshop , pp. 544-548
    • Stewart, K.1    Jamieson, B.2
  • 30
    • 0142217062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variability of slab stability in avalanche starting zones
    • Penticton, British Columbia, Canada
    • Stewart, K., Jamieson, B., 2002. Spatial variability of slab stability in avalanche starting zones. Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow Science Workshop, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 544-548
    • (2002) Proceedings of the 2002 International Snow Science Workshop , pp. 544-548
    • Stewart, K.1    Jamieson, B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.