Multiple detachment levels and their control on fold styles in the compressional domain of the deepwater west Niger Delta

Basin Research

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 435-450

  Briggs, Sepribo E ^a   Davies, Richard J ^b   Cartwright, Joe A ^a   Morgan, Richard ^c  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c Veritas DGC   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DETACHMENT FAULT; FAULT DISPLACEMENT; FAULT PROPAGATION; SEISMIC DATA; THRUST FAULT;

AFRICA; NIGER DELTA; NIGERIA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA;

EID: 33845403270     PISSN: 0950091X     EISSN: 13652117     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2006.00300.x     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Ajakaiye, D.E. & Bally, A.W. (2002a) Course manual and atlas of structural styles of reflection profiles from Niger Delta. AAPG Continuing Educ. Course Note Ser., 41, 1-107.
2. Ajakaiye, D.E. & Bally, A.W. (2002b) Some structural styles on reflection profiles from offshore Niger Delta. Search Discov., 10031, 1-6.
3. Avbovbo, A.A. (1978) Tertiary lithostratigraphy of the Niger Delta. AAPG Bull., 62 (2), 295-306.
4. Bilotti, F.D. & Shaw, J.H. (2001) Modeling the compressive toe of the Niger Delta as a critical taper wedge (abs.). AAPG Annu. Meeting Program, 10, A18-A19.
5. Bilotti, F.D. & Shaw, J.H. (2005) Deepwater Niger Delta fold and thrust belt modelled as a critical-taper wedge: The influence of elevated of elevated basal fluid pressure on structural styles. AAPG Bull., 89, 1475-1491.
6. Bruce, C.H. (1973) Pressured shale and related sediment deformation: mechanism for development of regional contemporaneous faults. AAPG Bull., 57, 878-886.
7. Burke, K.C.B. (1972) Longshore drift, submarine canyons, and submarine fans. AAPG Bull., 56, 1975-1983.
8. Burke, K., Dessauvagie, T.F.J. & Whiteman, A.J. (1971) Opening of the Gulf of Guinea and geological history of the Benue depression and Niger Delta. Nat. Phys. Sci., 233, 51-55.
9. Byerlee, J. (1993) Model for episodic flow of high-pressure water in fault zone before earthquakes. Geology, 21, 303-306.
10. Cloos, E. (1961) Bedding slips, wedges and folding in layered sequences. SociétéGéologique de Finlande, Extrait des Comptes Rendus, 33, 106-122.
11. Cobbold, P.R., Szatmari, P., Demercian, L.S., Coelho, D. & Rossello, E.A. (1995) Seismic and experimental evidence for thin-skinned horizontal shortening by convergent radial gliding on evaporites, deepwater Santos Basin, Brazil. In: Salt Tectonics: A Global Perspective (Ed. by M.P.A. Jackson, D.G. Robert & S. Snelson), AAPG Mem., 65, 305-321.
12. Connors, C.D., Denson, D.B., Kristiansen, G. & Angstadt, D.M. (1998) Compressive anticlines of the mid-outer slope, central Niger Delta (abs.). AAPG Bull., 82, 1903.
13. Corredor, F., Shaw, J.H. & Bilotti, F. (2005a) Structural styles in the deep-water fold and thrust belts of the Niger Delta. AAPG Bull., 89, 753-780.
14. Corredor, F., Shaw, J.H. & Suppe, J. (2005b) Shear fault-bend fold, deepwater Niger Delta. In: Seismic Interpretation of Contractional Fault-Related Folds (Ed. by J.H. Shaw, C. Connors & J. Suppe), AAPG Stud. Geol., 53, 87-95.
15. Dailly, G.C. (1976) A possible mechanism relating progradation, growth faulting, clay diapirism and overthrusting in the regressive sequence of sediments. Bull. Canadian Petrol. Geol., 24, 92-116.
16. Damuth, J.E. (1994) Neogene gravity tectonics and depositional processes on the deep Niger Delta continental margins. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 11, 321-346.
17. Davies, R.J. (2003) Kilometer-scale fluidization structures formed during early burial of a deep-water slope channel on the Niger Delta. Geology, 31 (11), 949-952.
18. Davies, R.J., Macleod, C.J., Morgan, R. & Briggs, S.E. (2005) Termination of a fossil continent-ocean fracture zone imaged with three-dimensional seismic data: The Chain Fracture Zone, eastern equatorial Atlantic. Geology, 33 (8), 641-644.
19. Davis, D.M. & Engelder, T. (1985) The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts. Tectonophysics, 119, 67-88.
20. De Matos, D. (2000) Tectonic evolution of the Equatorial South Atlantic. In: Atlantic Rifts and Continental Margins. Geophysical Monograph 115 (Ed. by W. Mohriak & M. Talwani), pp. 331-354. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
21. Delteil, J.R., Valery, P., Montadert, L., Fondeur, C., Patrait, P. & Mascle, J. (1974) Continental margins in the northern part of the Gulf of Guinea. In: The Geology of Continental Margins (Ed. by C.A. Burk & C.L. Drake), pp. 297-311. Springer Verlag, New York.
22. Deptuck, M.E., Steffen, G.S., Barton, M. & Pirmez, C. (2003) Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 20 (6-8), 649-676.
23. Dixon, J.M. & Liu, S. (1992) Centrifuge modelling of the propagation of thrust faults. In: Thrust Tectonics (Ed. by K.R. McClay), pp. 53-69. Chapman & Hall, London.
24. Doust, H. & Omatsola, E. (1990) Niger Delta. In: Divergent/Passive Margins (Ed. by J.D. Edwards & P.A. Santogrossi), AAPG Mem., 48, 201-238.
25. Eisenstadt, G. & De Paor, D.G. (1987) Alternative model of thrust-fault propagation. Geology, 15, 630-633.
26. Ellis, M.A. & Dunlap, W.J. (1988) Displacement variation along thrust faults: Implications for the development of large faults. J. Struct. Geol., 10, 183-192.
27. Emery, K.O., Uchupi, E., Phillips, J., Brown, C. & Mascle, J. (1975) Continental margins off western Africa: Angola to Sierra Leone. AAPG Bull., 59, 2209-2265.
28. Erickson, S.G. (1996) Influence of mechanical stratigraphy on folding vs. faulting. J. Struct. Geol., 18, 443-450.
29. Erslev, E.A. (1991) Trishear fault-propagation folding. Geology, 19, 617-620.
30. Evamy, B.D., Haremboure, J., Kamerling, P., Knaap, W.A., Malloy, F.A. & Rowlands, P.H. (1978) Hydrocarbon habitat of Tertiary Niger Delta. AAPG Bull., 62, 1-39.
31. Fairhead, J.D. & Binks, R.M. (1991) Differential opening of the Central and South Atlantic oceans and the opening of the West African rift system. Tectonophysics, 187, 191-203.
32. Fischer, M.P., Woodward, N.B. & Mitchell, M.M. (1992) The kinematics of break-thrust folds. J. Struct. Geol., 14, 451-460.
33. Gradstein, F.M., Agterberg, F.P., Ogg, J.G., Hardenbol, J., Van Veen, P., Thierry, J. & Huang, Z. (1995) A Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous time scale. In: Geochronology, Time Scale and Global Stratigraphic Correlation (Ed. by W.A. Berggren, D.V. Kent, M.P. Aubrey & J. Hardenbol), Spec. Publ. Soc. Econ. Palaeontologists and Mineralogists, 54, 95-126.
34. Grelaud, S., Verges, J., Nalpas, T. & Karpuz, R. (2003) Impact of multiple detachment levels on deformation of external fold-and-thrust belts. Geophys. Res. Abstr., 5, 11003.
35. Haack, R.C., Sundararaman, P., Diedjomahor, J.O., Xiao, H., Gant, N.J., May, E.D. & Kelsch, K. (2000) Niger Delta petroleum systems, Nigeria. In: Petroleum Systems of South Atlantic Margins (Eds. by M.R. Mello & B.J. Katz), AAPG Mem., 73, 213-231.
36. Hooper, R.J., Fitzsimmons, R.J., Grant, N. & Vendeville, B.C. (2002) The role of deformation in controlling depositional patterns in the south-central Niger Delta, West Africa. J. Struct. Geol., 24, 847-859.
37. Hubbert, M.K. & Rubey, W.W. (1959) Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of over-thrust faulting, part I and II. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 70, 115-205.
38. Jamison, W.R. (1987) Geometric analysis of fold development in overthrust terranes. J. Struct. Geol., 9, 207-219.
39. Knox, G.J. & Omatsola, E.M. (1989) Development of the Cenozoic Niger Delta in Terms of the 'Escalator Regression' Model and Impact on Hydrocarbon Distribution. Proceedings KNGMG Symposium 'Coastal Lowlands, Geology and Geotechnology' (pp. 181-202). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
40. Lehner, P. & De Ruiter, P.A.C. (1977) Structural history of the Atlantic margin of Africa. AAPG Bull., 61, 961-981.
41. Macgregor, D.S., Robinson, J. & Spear, G. (2003) Play fairways of the Gulf of Guinea transform margin. In: Petroleum Geology of Africa: New Themes and Developing Technologies (Ed. by J.J. Arthur, D.S. Macgregor & N.R. Cameron), Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. Lond., 207, 131-150.
42. 39Ar chronology, petrology and geodynamic setting of Mesozoic to early Cenozoic magmatism from the Benue Trough, Nigeria. J. Geol. Soc., 152, 311-326.
43. Marshak, S. & Wilkerson, M.S. (2004) Fold-thrust belts - an essay. In: Earth Structure, 2nd edn, Ed. by B.A. Van Der Pluijm & S. Marshak), pp. 444-474. Norton Publishers, New York.
44. Marton, L.G., Tari, G.C. & Lehmann, C.T. (2000) Evolution of the Angolan Passive margin, West Africa, with emphasis on post-salt structural styles. In: Atlantic Rifts and Continental Margins. Geophysical Monograph 115 (Ed. by W. Mohriak & M. Talwani), pp. 129-149. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
45. Mascle, J. (1976) Submarine Niger Delta structural framework. J. Nigeria Min. Geol. Metal. Soc., 13, 12-28.
46. Mcclay, K.R. (2004) Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems: introduction. In: Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems (Ed. by K.R. McClay), AAPG Mem., 82, ix-xx.
47. Mcnaught, M.A. & Mitra, G. (1993) A kinematic model for the origin of footwall synclines. J. Struct. Geol., 15, 805-808.
48. Mcneill, L.C., Piper, K.A., Goldfinger, C., Kulm, L.D. & Yeats, R.S. (1997) Listric normal faulting on Cascadia continental margin. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (B6), 12123-12138.
49. Mitra, S. (1990) Fault-propagation folds: Geometry, kinematic evolution, and hydrocarbon traps. AAPG Bull., 74, 921-945.
50. Mitra, S. (2002a) Fold-accommodation faults. AAPG Bull., 86, 671-693.
51. Mitra, S. (2002b) Structural models of faulted detachment folds. AAPG Bull., 86, 1673-1694.
52. Morgan, R. (2003) Prospectivity in ultradeep water: The case for petroleum generation and migration within the outer parts of the Niger Delta apron. In: Petroleum Geology of Africa: New Themes and Developing Technologies (Ed. by T.J. Arthur, D.S. MacGregor & N.R. Cameron), Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. Lond., 207, 151-164.
53. Morgan, R. (2004) Structural controls on the positioning of submarine channels on the lower slopes of the Niger Delta. In: 3D Seismic Technology: Application to the Exploration of Sedimentary Basins (Ed. by R.J. Davies, J. Cartwright, S.A. Stewart, J.R. Underhill & M. Lappin), Geol. Soc. London, Mem., 29, 45-51.
54. Morley, C.K. (1988) Out of sequence thrusts. Tectonics, 7, 539-561.
55. Morley, C. & Guerin, G. (1996) Comparison of gravity-driven deformation styles and behaviour associated with mobile shales and salt. Tectonics, 15, 1154-1170.
56. Muraoka, H. & Kamata, H. (1983) Displacement distribution along minor fault traces. J. Struct. Geol., 5, 395-483.
57. Nürnberg, D. & Müller, R.D. (1991) The tectonic evolution of the South Atlantic from late Jurassic to present. Tectonophysics, 187, 27-53.
58. Peel, F.J., Travis, C.J. & Hossack, J.R. (1995) Genetic structural provinces and salt tectonics of the Cenozoic offshore US Gulf of Mexico: a preliminary analysis. In: Salt Tectonics: A Global Perspective (Ed. by M.P.A. Jackson, D.G. Robert & S. Snelson), AAPG Mem., 65, 153-175.
59. Pfiffner, O.A. (1985) Displacements along thrust faults. Eclogae Geol. Helv., 79, 313-333.
60. Ramsay, J.G. & Huber, M.I. (1987) The Technique of Modern Structural Geology, Vol. 2, Fold and Faults. Academy Press, London.
61. Rowan, M.G., Peel, F.J. & Vendeville, B.C. (2004) Gravity-driven fold belts on passive margins. In: Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems (Ed. by K.R. McClay), AAPG Mem., 82, 157-182.
62. Shaw, J.H., Novoa, E. & Connors, C.D. (2004) Structural controls on growth stratigraphy in contraction fault-related folds. In: Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems (Ed. by K.R. McClay), AAPG Mem., 82, 400-412.
63. Shirley, K. (2002) Agbami a 20-Mile long thrust-faulted anticline. Explorer, February 2002, p. 11.
64. Short, K.C. & Stauble, A.J. (1967) Outline of Geology of Niger Delta. AAPG Bull., 51, 761-779.
65. Sibson, R.H. (1981) Fluid flow accompanying faulting: Field evidence and models. In: Earthquake Prediction, an International Review (Ed. by D.W. Simpson & R.G. Richards), Am. Geophys.Union Maurice Ewing Ser., 4, 593-603.
66. Stewart, S.A. (1996) Influence of detachment layer thickness on style of thin-skinned shortening. J. Struct. Geol., 18, 1271-1274.
67. Suppe, J. (1985) Principles of Structural Geology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
68. Suppe, J. & Medwedeff, D.A. (1984) Fault-propagation fold: Geol. Soc. Am. 1984 Ann. Mtg. Program with Abs., 16, p. 670.
69. Suppe, J. & Medwedeff, D.A. (1990) Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding. Eclogae Geol. Helv, 83, 409-454.
70. Wallace, W.K. & Homza, T.X. (2004) Detachment folds versus fault-propagation folds and their truncation by thrust faults. In: Thrust Tectonics and Hydrocarbon Systems (Ed. by K.R. McClay), AAPG Mem., 82, 324-355.
71. Walsh, J.J. & Watterson, J. (1987) Distributions of cumulative displacement and seismic slip on a single normal fault surface. J. Struct. Geol., 9, 1039-1046.
72. Watterson, J. (1986) Fault dimensions, displacement, and growth. Pure Appl. Geophys., 124, 365-373.
73. Weber, K.J. & Daukoru, E.M. (1975) Petroleum geology of the Niger Delta. Proc. 9th. World. Petrol. Cong. Tokyo, Jpn, 2, 209-221.
74. Whiteman, A.J. (1982) Nigeria: Its Petroleum Geology, Resources and Potential, Vol I. Graham & Trotman, London.
75. Wilkins, S.J. & Gross, M.R. (2002) Normal fault growth in layered rocks at Split Mountain, Utah: Influence of mechanical stratigraphy on dip linkage, fault restriction and fault scaling. J. Struct. Geol., 24 (9), 1413-1429.
76. Williams, G. & Chapman, T. (1983) Strains developed in the hanging walls of thrusts due to their slip/propagation rate: A dislocation model. J. Struct. Geol., 5 (6), 563-571.
77. Wu, S. & Bally, A.W. (2000) Slope Tectonics-comparisons and contrasts of structural styles of salt and shale tectonics of the Northern Gulf of Mexico with shale tectonics of offshore Nigeria in Gulf of Guinea. In: Atlantic Rifts and Continental Margins (Ed. by W. Mohriak & M. Talwani), Geophys. Monogr., 115, 151-172.
78. Yilmaz, O. (2001) Seismic Data Analysis: Processing, Inversion and Analysis of Seismic Data (2 Vol). Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa.