Neuroendocrine lung tumors

Pathology Case Reviews

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 235-242

  Travis, William D ^a  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Atypical carcinoid; Carcinoid; Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; Lung; Neuroendocrine; Small cell carcinoma; Typical carcinoid

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE;

CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER REGISTRY; CARCINOID; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIFFUSE IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY NEUROENDOCRINE CELL HYPERPLASIA; HUMAN; LARGE CELL CARCINOMA; LUNG CANCER; LUNG LARGE CELL CANCER; LUNG SMALL CELL CANCER; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRECANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TUMOR CLASSIFICATION;

EID: 33845401617     PISSN: 10829784     EISSN: 15334015     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.pcr.0000251143.63180.39     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Gosney JR. Pulmonary Endocrine Pathology. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992:184.
2. Thunnissen FB, Van Eijk J, Baak JP, et al. Bronchopulmonary carcinoids and regional lymph node metastases: a quantitative pathologic investigation. Am J Pathol. 1988;132:119-122.
3. Jones DJ, Hasleton PS, Moore M. DNA ploidy in bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumours. Thorax. 1988;43:195-199.
4. Rusch VW, Klimstra DS, Venkatraman ES. Molecular markers help characterize neuroendocrine lung tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;62:798-809.
5. Brambilla E, Negoescu A, Gazzeri S, et al. Apoptosis-related factors p53, Bcl2, and Bax in neuroendocrine lung tumors. Am J Pathol. 1996;149:1941-1952.
6. Travis WD, Brambilla E, Müller-Hermelink HK, et al. Pathology and Genetics: Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. Lyon: IARC; 2004.
7. Arrigoni MG, Woolner LB, Bernatz PE. Atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1972;64:413-421.
8. Travis WD, Linnoila RI, Tsokos MG, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung with proposed criteria for large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: an ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric study of 35 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15:529-553.
9. Capella C, Heitz PU, Hofler H, et al. Revised classification of neuroendocrine tumours of the lung, pancreas and gut. Virchows Arch. 1995;425:547-560.
10. Warren WH, Faber LP, Gould VE. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung: a clinicopathologic update. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1989;98:321-332.
11. Chen LC, Travis WD, Krug LM. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: what (little) do we know? J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2006;4:623-630.
12. Travis WD, Colby TV, Corrin B, et al. Histological Typing of Lung and Pleural Tumors. Berlin: Springer; 1999.
13. Travis WD, Rush W, Flieder DB, et al. Survival analysis of 200 pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors with clarification of criteria for atypical carcinoid and its separation from typical carcinoid. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22:934-944.
14. Beasley MB, Thunnissen FB, Brambilla E, et al. Pulmonary atypical carcinoid: predictors of survival in 106 cases. Hum Pathol. 2000;31:1255-1265.
15. Travis WD, Gal AA, Colby TV, et al. Reproducibility of neuroendocrine lung tumor classification. Hum Pathol. 1998;29:272-279.
16. Aguayo SM, Miller YE, Waldron JA Jr, et al. Brief report: idiopathic diffuse hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and airways disease. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1285-1288.
17. Rozengurt E, Sinnett-Smith J. Bombesin stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell division in cultures of Swiss 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983;80:2936-2940.
18. Miller RR, Muller NL. Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and obliterative bronchiolitis in patients with peripheral carcinoid tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:653-658.
19. Asamura H, Kameya T, Matsuno Y, et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung: a prognostic spectrum. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:70-76.
20. Garcia-Yuste M, Matilla JM, Alvarez-Gago T, et al. Prognostic factors in neuroendocrine lung tumors: a Spanish Multicenter Study: Spanish Multicenter Study of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung of the Spanish Society of Pneumonology and Thoracic Surgery (EMETNE-SEPAR). Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;70:258-263.
21. el-Naggar AK, Ballance W, Karim FW, et al. Typical and atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoids: a clinicopathologic and flow cytometric study. Am J Clin Pathol. 1991;95:828-834.
22. Oliaro A, Filosso PL, Donati G, et al. Atypical bronchial carcinoids: review of 46 patients. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2000;41:131-135.
23. Thomas CF Jr, Tazelaar HD, Jett JR. Typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoids: outcome in patients presenting with regional lymph node involvement. Chest. 2001;119:1143-1150.
24. Johnson BE. Management of small-cell lung cancer. Clin Chest Med. 1993;14:173-187.
25. Patel AM, Dunn WF, Trastek VF. Staging systems of lung cancer. Mayo Clin Proc. 1993;68:475-482.
26. Azzopardi JG. Oat-cell carcinoma of the bronchus. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1959;78:513-519.
27. Hirsch FR, Matthews MJ, Aisner S, et al. Histopathologic classification of small cell lung cancer: changing concepts and terminology. Cancer. 1988;62:973-977.
28. Nicholson SA, Beasley MB, Brambilla E, et al. Small cell lung carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 100 cases with surgical specimens. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:1184-1197.
29. Vollmer RT. The effect of cell size on the pathologic diagnosis of small and large cell carcinomas of the lung. Cancer. 1982;50:1380-1383.
30. Marchevsky AM, Gal AA, Shah S, et al. Morphometry confirms the presence of considerable nuclear size overlap between "small cells" and "large cells" in high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms. Am J Clin Pathol. 2001;116:466-472.
31. Fraire AE, Johnson EH, Yesner R, et al. Prognostic significance of histopathologic subtype and stage in small cell lung cancer. Hum Pathol. 1992;23:520-528.
32. Takei H, Asamura H, Maeshima A, et al. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a clinicopathologic study of eighty-seven cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;124:285-292.
33. Rossi G, Cavazza A, Marchioni A, et al. Role of chemotherapy and the receptor tyrosine kinases KIT, PDGFRalpha, PDGFRbeta, and met in large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:8774-8785.
34. Iyoda A, Hiroshima K, Toyozaki T, et al. Clinical characterization of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and large cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine morphology. Cancer. 2001;91:1992-2000.
35. Graziano SL, Mazid R, Newman N, et al. The use of neuroendocrine immunoperoxidase markers to predict chemotherapy response in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7:1398-1406.
36. Schleusener JT, Tazelaar HD, Jung SH, et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation is an independent prognostic factor in chemotherapy-treated nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cancer. 1996;77:1284-1291.
37. Howe MC, Chapman A, Kerr K, et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation in non-small cell lung cancer and its relation to prognosis and therapy. Histopathology. 2005;46:195-201.
38. Hiroshima K, Iyoda A, Shibuya K, et al. Prognostic significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:1732-1735.
39. Iyoda A, Hiroshima K, Baba M, et al. Pulmonary large cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine features are high-grade neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:1049-1054.
40. Carnaghi C, Rimassa L, Garassino I, et al. Clinical significance of neuroendocrine phenotype in non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2001;12(suppl 2):S119-123.
41. Baldi A, Groger AM, Esposito V, et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation in non-small cell lung carcinomas. In Vivo. 2000;14:109-114.
42. Abbona G, Papotti M, Viberti L, et al. Chromogranin A gene expression in non-small cell lung carcinomas. J Pathol. 1998;186:151-156.
43. Hage R, Elbers HR, Brutel DLR, et al. Neural cell adhesion molecule expression: prognosis in 889 patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer. Chest. 1998;114:1316-1320.
44. Kwa HB, Verheijen MG, Litvinov SV, et al. Prognostic factors in resected non-small cell lung cancer: an immunohistochemical study of 39 cases. Lung Cancer. 1996;16:35-45.
45. Senderovitz T, Skov BG, Hirsch FR. Neuroendocrine characteristics in malignant lung tumors: implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Cancer Treat Res. 1995;72:143-154.
46. Linnoila RI, Piantadosi S, Ruckdeschel JC. Impact of neuroendocrine differentiation in non-small cell lung cancer: the LCSG experience. Chest 1994;106:367S-371S.
47. Carles J, Rosell R, Ariza A, et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation as a prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 1993;10:209-219.
48. Pujol JL, Simony J, Demoly P, et al. Neural cell adhesion molecule and prognosis of surgically resected lung cancer. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148:1071-1075.
49. Skov BG, Sorensen JB, Hirsch FR, et al. Prognostic impact of histologic demonstration of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol. 1991;2:355-360.
50. Sundaresan V, Reeve JG, Stenning S, et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation and clinical behaviour in non-small cell lung tumours. Br J Cancer. 1991;64:333-338.
51. Berendsen HH, de Leij L, Poppema S, et al. Clinical characterization of non-small-cell lung cancer tumors showing neuroendocrine differentiation features. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7:1614-1620.
52. Mackay B, Ordónez NG, Bennington JL, et al. Ultrastructural and morphometric features of poorly differentiated and undifferentiated lung tumors. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1989;13:561-571.
53. Hammar SP, Bockus D, Remington F, et al. Small cell undifferentiated carcinomas of the lung with nonneuroendocrine features. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1985;9:319-330.
54. Guinee DG Jr, Fishback NF, Koss MN, et al. The spectrum of immunohistochemical staining of small-cell lung carcinoma in specimens from transbronchial and open-lung biopsies. Am J Clin Pathol. 1994;102:406-414.
55. Hiroshima K, Iyoda A, Shida T, et al. Distinction of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from small cell lung carcinoma: a morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis. Mod Pathol. 2006;19:1358-1368.
56. Du EZ, Goldstraw P, Zacharias J, et al. TTF-1 expression is specific for lung primary in typical and atypical carcinoids: TTF-1-positive carcinoids are predominantly in peripheral location. Hum Pathol. 2004;35:825-831.
57. Folpe AL, Gown AM, Lamps LW, et al. Thyroid transcription factor-1: immunohistochemical evaluation in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Mod Pathol. 1999;12:5-8.
58. Sturm N, Rossi G, Lantuejoul S, et al. Expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 in the spectrum of neuroendocrine cell lung proliferations with special interest in carcinoids. Hum Pathol. 2002;33:175-182.
59. Sturm N, Lantuejoul S, Laverriere MH, et al. Thyroid transcription factor 1 and cytokeratins 1, 5, 10, 14 (34betaE12) expression in basaloid and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung. Hum Pathol. 2001;32:918-925.
60. Agoff SN, Lamps LW, Philip AT, et al. Thyroid transcription factor-1 is expressed in extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas but not in other extrapulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Mod Pathol. 2000;13:238-242.
61. Cheuk W, Kwan MY, Suster S, et al. Immunostaining for thyroid transcription factor 1 and cytokeratin 20 aids the distinction of small cell carcinoma from Merkel cell carcinoma, but not pulmonary from extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125:228-231.
62. Kaufmann O, Dietel M. Expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 in pulmonary and extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas and other neuroendocrine carcinomas of various primary sites. Histopathology. 2000;36:415-420.
63. Debelenko LV, Brambilla E, Agarwal SK, et al. Identification of MEN1 gene mutations in sporadic carcinoid tumors of the lung. Hum Mol Genet. 1997;6:2285-2290.
64. Debelenko LV, Swalwell JI, Kelley MJ, et al. MEN1 gene mutation analysis of high-grade neuroendocrine lung carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2000;28:58-65.
65. Kobayashi Y, Tokuchi Y, Hashimoto T, et al. Molecular markers for reinforcement of histological subclassification of neuroendocrine lung tumors. Cancer Sci. 2004;95:334-341.
66. Onuki N, Wistuba II, Travis WD, et al. Genetic changes in the spectrum of neuroendocrine lung tumors. Cancer. 1999;85:600-607.